非谓语动词 Ving的用法小结Word文档格式.docx

1、I cant imagine _ that with them（MET 1986） Ado Bto do Cbeing done Ddoing 该题正确选项为D She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden（1995上海高考题） Avisit Bpaying a visit Cwalk in Dwalking in 该题正确选项为D，考查短语动词look forward to后跟动名词作宾语的用法。2在allow，advise，forbid，permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allowad

2、viseforbidpermit 名词代词不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。We dont allow smoking here t allow anybody to smoke here 3动词need，require，want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。The window needsrequireswants cleaningto be cleaned 4在begin，continue，love，like，hate，prefer，intend，start后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。5动词forget，go on ，mean ，

3、regret， remember，stop，try，be used to，cant help后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。forget，regret，remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。go on后跟动名词表示“继续做原来做的事”；后跟不定式表示“接着做另一件事”。mean后跟动名词表示“意味着要做某事”；后跟不定式表示“想要做某事”。stop后跟动名词表示“停止做某事”；后跟不定式表示“停下来（别的事）开始做某事”。try后跟动名词表示“试着做某事”；后跟不定式表示“努力做某事”。be used to后跟动名词表示“习惯于做某事”；后跟

4、不定式表示“被用来做某事”。cant help后跟动名词表示“禁不住做某事”；后跟不定式表示“不能帮助做某事”。Lets have a rest Not nowI dont want to stop _ yet（MET 1985） Astudy Bto study Cfor studying Dstudying 该题正确选项为D，stop studying意为“停止学习”。Let me tell you something about the journalists Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday？（1999上海高考题） Atold Bte

5、lling Cto tell Dto have told 该题正确选项为B，remember telling me意为“记得曾经告诉过我”。I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days（MET 1991） Asail Bto sail Csailing Dto have sailed 该题正确选项为C，imagine Peter sailing是动词imagine加动名词复合结构。How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden？（MET 1993） Ato

6、 take Btake Ctaking Dto be taking 该题正确选项为C，the two of us taking是动词take的动名词复合结构。四、动名词的时态 在时态上，动名词有一般式（doing）和完成式（having done）两种形式。当动名词表示的动作发生的时间不明确，或与谓语动作同时发生，或发生在谓语动作之后时，用动名词的一般式；当动名词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前时，常用动名词的完成式。I enjoy playing football （playing表示的时间概念不明确） Hes been used to going to bed late （going to b

7、ed与has been used to同时发生） Im looking forward to seeing you soon （seeing发生在am looking forward to之后） m sorry for not having kept my promise （not having kept my promise发生在am sorry之前） 需要特别注意的是，有时候通过上下文可以明显地看出动名词动作和谓语动作的先 后时间关系，或者在一些动词（如remember， forget，regret）和动词短语（如excuse sbfor， thank sbfor）中，尽管动名词表示的动作

8、发生在谓语动作之前，我们也常用其一般式来代替完成式，或者两种形式通用。Thank you very much for having helped me a lot Thank you very much for helping me a lot You were brave enough to raise objections（反对）at the meeting Well，now I regret _ that（NMET 1995） Ato do Bto be doing Cto have done Dhaving done 该题正确选项为D，空白处也可填入 doing。五、动名词的语态 在语

9、态上，动名词有主动式（doing，having done）和被动式（being done，having been done）。主动式表示主动意义，被动式表示被动意义。He insisted on sending her to hospital他坚持要把她送到医院去。He insisted on being sent to work in the countryside他坚持要被派到乡下工作。Do you mind _ alone at home？（1994上海高考题） AJane leaving BJane having left CJanes being left DJane to be l

10、eft 该题正确选项为C，句意为：把Jane独自留在家你介意吗？While shopping，people sometimes cant help into buying something they dont really need（1996上海高考题） Ato persuade Bpersuading Cbeing persuaded Dbe persuaded 该题正确选项为C，cant help being persuaded into buying意为“不可避免地会被说服买他们实际并不需要的东西”。 11动名词（短语）的句法功能：1.动名词具有名词的特征，做主语。例如：Talking

11、 mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。Sweeping the floor is my wifes everyday work.扫地是我妻子的日常工作。Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你的健康有好处。【注意】注意以下句型，“it”是形式主语，动名词是正真的主语。动名词做主语时谓语动词用单数。It is no good smoking and drinking. I suggest that you should give them up.吸烟喝酒没有好处。我建议你应该戒掉。It is a waste of ti

12、me watching TV all day.整天看电视是浪费时间。It is no use operating on this woman. She ought to have been sent here two hours ago. 给这个妇女做手术已经没有用了，她本来应该在两个小时之前送来。Living together with you has been a great pleasure.和你住在一起真高兴。2.作表语 My job is teaching English.我的工作是教英语。The only thing that interests her is dancing.唯一

13、使她感兴趣的事情是跳舞。The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers.真正的问题是了解消费者的需要。To keep money you have found is stealing.捡到钱不交等于偷窃。【注意】一般来说，动名词作表语表示主语的内容；而现在分词作表语表示主语的特征和属性。The work assigned to us is bringing the chairs downstairs.分配给我们的工作是把椅子带下楼来。（表示主语的内容） Her job is raising pigs. 她的工作是养猪

14、。The film was exciting. 这部电影激动人心。（表示主语的特征） It is annoying that the meeting should be put off. 会议延期了使人扫兴。3.作宾语 Andrew hated giving anaesthetics. 安德罗极不喜欢麻醉工作。I wouldnt mind going there with her.与她一起去那儿，我没有意见。I assure you I wouldnt have troubled you if I could have avoided doing so. 我可以向你保证，如果当时我能避免的话，

15、我是决不会麻烦你的。I enjoy listening to music.我喜欢听音乐。She couldnt risk missing that train. 我不能冒险误过那次火车。I have finished writing this novel. 我已经写完了这本小说。【注意】 1.只能用动名词作宾语，而不能用不定式作宾语的动词有：admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue, dislike, en

16、joy, excuse, face, fancy, finish, grudge, cant help, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep, mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise, renounce, resent, require, stand, suggest, understand, give up, leave off, put off等等。2.在下列动词之后即可以用不定式，也可以用动名词。这样的动词有：like, love, hate, prefer, begin, commence

17、, start, continue, attempt, intend, propose, cant bear, cease, , decline, deserve, disdain, dread, endure, forget, learn, mean, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, regret, try等等。Do you like swimming（ to swim）? 你喜欢游泳吗？We began listening （to listen）to music.我们开始听音 She propose making（to make）a change in

18、our studying plan. 她建议把我们的学习计划做一些改动。3.下列动词后既可接不定式，也可接动名词，但所表示的意思不同。1）remember to do something 记住要做某事 remember doing something 记得曾经做过某事 I remember posting the letter.我记得我把封信发出了。Please remember to post the letter for me.请记住替我发信。I remember seeing this film.我记得曾经看过这部电影。I should remember to see the film.

19、我应该记住去看这部电影。2）forget to do something 忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事 I shall never forget seeing the Swiss Alps for the first time.我将永远忘不了我第一次游览瑞士阿尔卑斯山的情景。I am afraid he will forget to write to me. 恐怕他会忘记写信给我。3） stop to do something 停下某事去做 stop doing something 停止做某事 I really must stop smoking. 我的确该戒烟。I

20、 have been working all the morning. I have to stop to smoke a cigarette. 我已经工作了一上午了，我得停下抽支烟。4） try to do something 设法做某事 try doing something （做某事）试试 Try to do your duty well. 尽力做好本职工作。Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.前门没有人听见你的声音，那么敲敲后门试一试。5）regret to do something 因

21、做某事感到悲哀（不愉快） regret doing 因做某事感到后悔 I regret causing him so much inconvenience.我因给他带来许多不便而感到懊悔。I regret to inform you that we are unable to offer your employment.我很抱歉地通知你，我们不能接受你的雇用。6）mean doing 意味着或意思是 mean to do something 打算做某事或想要做某事 We know that learning a language does not mean just working in a

22、class. 我们知道，学习一种语言并不意味着只是在课堂里学习。I didnt mean to hurt your feelings. 我并没有想伤害你的感情。7）go on to do something （做完某事）接着做另一件事 go on doing something 继续做某事 I hope it wont go on snowing all day and all night. 我希望雪不要整天整夜下个不停。Our teacher welcomed the new students and then went on to explain the school regulation

23、s. 在欢迎新生后，我们的老师开始解释学校的规章制度。8）need to do something 需要做某事（表示主动） need doing something 需要（表示被动） You need to work harder. 你需要更加努力学习。Your house needs painting. 你的房子需要油漆了。9）want to do something 想做某事（表示主动） want doing 需要（表示被动） I want to study French.我想学习法语。The electric shaver wants repairing before it can be

24、 used. 电动剃须刀需经修理才能使用。10）begin和start在下列三种情况下最好用动词不定式。A.主语是物而不是人时。The ice began（started） to melt. 冰开始融化。The barometer began （started）to fall. 气压计开始下降。B.当begin或start 用于进行时态时。She is beginning （starting） to cook the dinner.她开始做饭。C.当begin或start后面的动词指心理状态或精神活动时。I began to understand my past mistakes.我开始认识自

25、己过去的错误。She started to wonder who had done it. 她开始纳闷，这件事究竟是谁做的。11）请比较以下句子：The buses have ceased running.公共汽车已经停了。The buses ceased to run. 公共汽车停掉不开了。第一句的意思可能是：“公共汽车今天停开，但是明天将再开。“第二个句子的意思可能是：“公共汽车将停开很长的一段时间，也可能永远不再开了。” 12）在like, hate, prefer动词后，如果表示一般倾向，多用动名词作宾语，如果指特定的或具体的动作时，用不定式。I like watching TV. 我

26、喜欢看电视。d like to watch TV this afternoon.今天下午我想看电视。I hate speaking before a big audience.我不喜欢在大庭广众面前讲话。I hate to speak at the meeting today. 我今天不愿意在会上发言。I prefer reading to watching TV.我情愿看书，不爱看电视。I prefer to watch TV today. 我今天情愿看电视。13） be afraid to do something 害怕（不敢）去做某事，（常会发生对自己或别人有伤害或令人畏惧的结果）；而b

27、e afraid of doing something 表示害怕（担心）会发生某种不愿发生的或不应发生的情况（不一定是令人畏惧的情况），可译为“唯恐（怕）”。She was afraid of waking her husband up. 可能丈夫病了或很累，不应吵醒他。（恐怕发生不应发生的可能后果） She was afraid to wake her husband up.（如叫醒丈夫，可能他要发火，责备她。（害怕去做应当做或必须做的事） I am afraid of asking the teacher. 我害怕问老师。（要麻烦老师，是我不希望发生的） I am afraid to ask the teacher. 我不敢问老师。（表示有必要去问，但老师可能要批评我） 4.能跟动名词的动词短语很多，常见的这样短语有：accuse of , be fond of , be capable of, be keen on, be proud of , be ashamed of, be responsible for, be sic