四六级阅读专项文档Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、英语考试的阅读部分，都是同时测试考生的阅读速度和理解的精确度，考生们既不能为了在1小时的时间内答完考题而单一求快，也不能为了答题的准确性高而不得不放弃回答一些问题。英语阅读的速度可以通过加强自己快速阅读的能力来提高。快速阅读就是用扫描文章的方法对其结构有大致的了解，并把握其主旨。同时，在重点句子和词汇上做出标记。这种方法对阅读考试帮助极大，平时可多加练习。考生们应鄙弃逐词阅读的陋习，逐词阅读不但速度太慢，而且容易引起误解。而学会词汇组合阅读。3、为了提高阅读的速度还要养成良好的阅读习惯 养成良好的阅读习惯，不能边看边用嘴跟着读，眼、嘴并用必会降低读速；一旦发现生词，先不要紧张，要通过英语构词法

2、（前缀、词根和后缀）来分析推测词义，或结合上下文、前后词语去猜测. 如果根据上下文及前后词语还是无法确切了解其真正含义，你可以再看一下这个词对整个句子所构成的影响是肯定的，还是否定的，实际上这对你理解作者的意图已足够了，实在不行就做上记号，将来看一看是否影响答题，如无影响就坚决忽略，切记不要恋战。如何做阅读 1.首先到现在为止,词汇量对于阅读应该影响不太大了,因为读不懂可以用我讲的词根来猜.2.提高阅读能力是个终身的问题,最后这个阶段所想提高太大很难,所以重点应放在找答案上做题的能力,因为这种能力是可以提高的3.你在上课的会发现老师讲繁难的举例可以略过,这道题考的就是主题等,你当时是不是觉得太

3、有道理了如果不选老师讲的答案就得自杀而课后自已做时却难得不得了,不要认为老师讲方法是马后炮,其实你平时做不出就是方法问题,所谓不读或略读其实是让你速读过去,在读的时候有所偏重而已,所以要认真按老师的方法去做,理会他的方法4.但有的同学说做后答案都记忆住了,如何在做,我的体会是这样的,第一次按时间做 第二次,精读,第三次不做题只是在分析文章分析老师的讲课思路,这一点很重要!文章分为启承转合四个部分，面启是指开头 承是指展开论述，转是指一个让步可转折，因为对任事都不可能完全否定或完全支持。合是结束语 而文章分为新老观点对比型，首段结论型，问题解决型，设问及其回答 。那新老观点对比型主题应出现在一段

4、未可二段开头，否则就没有篇展开论述了 而首段结论型主题在第一段，那么第一段是必读第二段开头是必读的，在文章结束时三句话必然是合的部分，而往往会有考题，一般有一道题，所经以结束前三名话必读，其佘各段只读首句一般就够了，而对于做题时，在未读文章前就应该将各题的关键词画出来，还有文章的出题顺序与原文的出题顺序大致相同，找答案时按题索原文章就可以了!1）在英语学习中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。这时，许多人立即翻阅字典，查找词义。其实，这种做法是不科学的。它不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度。事实上，阅读材 料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语 境（各种已知信息）推测、判

5、断某些生词的词义。猜测词义时，可利用以下线索：一 针对性解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或 词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。1. 根据定义猜测词义如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。例如：anthropology is the scientific study of man.由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。In slang the term jam constitutes a state of being in which a person fin

6、ds himself or herself in a difficult situation.同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to,be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。2.根据复述猜测词义虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。 复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。同位语Semantics, the study of the m

7、eaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties式同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semanties指“语义学”。在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分 号，引号，和括号等。Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic

8、circuits.由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义-电容量。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other,say i. e. 等副词或短语出现。定语从句Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder,大学英语四六级猜词技巧解读（2） a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.根据生词SAD后面定语从

9、句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出SAD含义，即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。根据举例猜测词义恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were

10、in the past.句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的 大致词义“重要的”，这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。二 内在逻辑关系 根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系,然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致义域。1. 根据对比关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite hum

11、ble and modest.该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中短语in contrast，（相对照的，相对比的）可以提示我们supercilious和后面词组humble and modest（谦卑又谦虚）是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious意为“目空一切的，傲慢的”。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast 和while 引导的并列句等。A good supervisor can recognize instantly the ade

12、pt workers from the unskilled ones.该句中并未出现上面提到的表示对比关系的词或短语，但是通过上下文可以判断出句子前后是对比关系，即把熟练工人与非熟练工人区分开。这时我们也能够推断出生词adept的词义，“熟练的”。2. 根据比较关系猜测词义同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系，Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之间的比较关系。以此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。

13、大学英语四六级猜词技巧解读（3） 表示比较关系的词和短语主要是similarly，like，just as，also等。3. 根据因果关系猜测词义在句子或段落种，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以推断出生词autocratic指“独断专行的”。There were so many demonstrator

14、s in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd.此句为结果状语从句，根据从句的描书“许多示威者”，我们便可推知elbow的词意“挤，挤过”。4. 根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义在句子或段落种，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境推断生词词义。Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position a

15、t the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.作者为避免重复使用endanger一词，用其同义词jeopardize来替代它，由此推知其词义为“使. . . 陷入危险，危及、危害”。Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful.句中detrimental四个生词，但判断出harmful替代detrimental后，不难推断出其词义为“不利的，有害的”。三 外部

16、相关因素 外部相关因素是指篇章（句子或段落）以外的其他知识。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时,就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如：Husband：its really cold out tonight.Wife: Sure it is. My hands are practically numb.How about lighting the furnace?根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手肯定是“冻僵的，冻得麻木的”。The snake slithered through the grass.根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推断出slither词义为“爬行”。在猜测词义过

17、程中，除了使用上面提到的一些技巧，我们还可以依靠构词方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。1. 根据前缀猜测词义He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes.根据词根conscious（清醒的，有意识的），结合前缀semi（半，部分的，不完全的）， 我们便可猜出semiconscious词义“半清醒的，半昏迷的”。Im illiterate about such things.词根literate意为“有文化修养的，通晓的”，前缀il表示否定，因此illiterate指“一窍不通，不知道的”。2. 根据后缀猜

18、测词义Insecticide is applied where it is needed.后缀cide表示“杀者，杀灭剂”，结合大家熟悉的词根insect（昆虫），不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”。Then the vapor may change into droplets.后缀let表示“小的”，词根drop指“滴，滴状物”。将两个意思结合起来，便可推断出droplet词义“小滴，微滴”。3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.Hightlight

19、或许是一个生词，但是分析该词结构后，就能推测出其含义。它是由high（高的，强的）和light（光线）两部分组成，合在一起便是“以强光照射，使突出”的意思。Bullfight is very popular in Spain.Bull（公牛）和fight（打，搏斗）结合在一起，指一种在西班牙颇为流行的体育运动-斗牛。综上所述，利用各种已知信息推测、判断词义是一项重要的阅读技巧。在实践中，我 们可以灵活运用，综合运用上面提到的几种猜测技巧，排除生词的障碍，顺利理解文章的思想内容，提高阅读速度。阅读必备千词spirit, decline, climate, lend to, accuse, aff

20、ord, anxiety, atmosphere, blame, bargain, calculate, circle, confidence, conscious, convince, custom, desperate, encourage, discourage, economic, economy, motive, promote, emotional, motion, fail to, flat, install, intimate, limit, major, no matter, neutral, outlet, perform, inform, formal, normal,

21、radiate, authority, companion, concept, create, creature, dentist, identify, identical, identity, engage, entitle, evaluate, fluid, influence, fortune, fulfill, general, intense, interpret, justice, adjust, judge, minor, observe, deserve, preserve, parallel, percept, stuff, surroundings, transport,

22、transmit, transform, undergo, wander, wonder, widespread, ambition, approach, brief, conquer, result, consult, insult, deliberate, despair, compare, emergence, emergency, establish, exhaust, expand, fade, frustrate, handy, incredible, inherit, conference, infer, offer, interfere, length, manufacture

23、, mood, necessity, noble, occasion, occasional, output, oversea, pattern, plunge, practice, practical, recognize, release, rescue, maintain, remain, obtain, entertain, rural, urban, similar to, trial, trail, witness, absolute, accumulate, in advance, advanced, advantage, agent, appeal, application,

24、point, appoint, approximate, barrier, claim, climate, complicate, comprise, considerable, resume, consume, assume, contact, convict, crew, crucial, define, definite, deliver, disaster, disorder, diverse, economic, alert, exert, facility, faith, faithful, gap, sympathy, trace, track, visual, vision,

25、worship, apparatus, brand, civil, clarity, declare, combine, connect, consider, insert, desert, drown, external, frank, press, impress, pressure, depress, express, indispensable, inspect, respect, prospect, perspective, peculiar, particular, likely, inquire, require, acquire, request, result , consu

26、lt, insult, spray, announce, pronounce, apparent, boundary, frontier, crash, debate, decrease, increase, reduce, include, conclude, exclude, federal, firm, forecast, foresee, grateful, integrate, divide, individual, fence, defense, offend, portion, proper, property, reputation, restrict, loyal, roya

27、l, spot, terminal, alter, alternate, alternative, concrete, consequent, explode, explore, exploit, hesitate, imagine, influence, innocent, guilty, persuade, possess, sample, support, vital, burden, elect, select, collect, collective, contribute, distribute, attribute, abuse, prejudice, avoid, escape

28、, capture, compete, effort, enthusiasm, involve, evolve, imply, reply, multiply, issue, modify, occur, opponent, prefer, refer, publish, punish, rate, award, reward, shelter, skim, in spite of, temporary, vehicle, ancestor associate, refuse, confuse, describe, display, due to, error, essential, fres

29、h, obvious, visible, invisible, previous, recall, relate, soil, spoil, stimulate, suffer, tense, accompany, analyze, conflict, convenient, derive, deprive, thrive, dominate, element, gallery, interval, lock, lack, match, ideal, reality, ignore, ignorant, independent, inspire, motion, promote, remote, motive, numerous, relevant, retreat, straight, suicide, trick, weigh, tempt, attempt, contract, attract, candidate, commercial, communicate, contain, coordinate, respond, correspond, emphasis, enclose, focus, insti