考研模拟试题及答案英语一Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、 a scheme in Ulm in Germany, by contrast, started with diesel vehicles. Running Autolib could mean shouldering substantial losses for the Bollor Group. Mr Bollor was not expected to win the contract, but did so mainly because he offered low rental charges for drivers.F Mr Bollors LMP batteries are s

2、aid to be more stable when being charged and discharged, which is when batteries come under most strain. Just two European carmakers have seen the batteries, which are made only by the Bollor Group. One carindustry executive says that though the LMP technology is attractive from a safety point of vi

3、ew, the batteries have to be heated up to functionwhich takes power and makes them less convenient to use.G Mr Bollors technology is about to hit the road. In 2010 his group won a contract to run Autolib, a carsharing scheme designed by Bertrand Delan e, the mayor of Paris, which will put 3,000 elec

4、tric vehicles on the city s streets along with 1,120 stations for parking and recharging. Construction of the stations started in the summer, and Mr Bollor will begin testing the service on October 1st before opening it to the public in December. Rechargeable batteries are now an important technolog

5、y for the global car industry as it starts to make ever more electric and hybrid vehicles. Renault, a French manufacturer, is alone investing 4 billion （$5.6 billion） in a range of electric models which it will start selling this autumn. Many producers will unveil new electric vehicles next week whe

6、n the Frankfurt Motor Show opens.123C4F5 Passage 4Directions: For question 15, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list AG and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs A and D have been correctly placed.A The contest has been held in anticipation of a new era of

7、 pylon building. By 2020, a quarter of the countrys current generating capacity will need replacing; the government hopes the new supply will come from renewable sources such as onshore and offshore wind farms. Todays offshore capacity is just 7% of ministers targets for the end of the decadeand all

8、 of the new generation out to sea will need to land transmission cables ashore. The existing electricity grid is in the wrong place for many of these new sources of power. That creates a paradox: trying to save the world by cutting carbon emissions means scarring particular bits of it by dragging ne

9、w power lines through scenic countryside.B This is an old problem. The launch of Britainsnationalelectricity grid in 1933 was decried for desecrating the landscape. More recently, the location of wind farms has prompted similar debates. The difficulty with pylons is that they go everywhere. Scotland

10、 has had nearly five years of disputes over the planned 600pylon upgrade of a transmission line running from Beauly in the Highlands to the central belt where more electricity is used. The same clashes will now play out in England and Wales. A new planning commission was set up in 2009 to speed up t

11、he glacial pace of infrastructure decisionmaking. But weighing economic demands against beauty remains a thorny and potentially time-consuming job.C Opponents of towering pylons say the answer is to bury power lines: at present only 950km of Britains 13,000km of highvoltage cable runs underground, m

12、ost of it in urban areas. But sinking wires, which means clearing a corridor 17m to 40m wide and cannot be done in all terrains, carries an environmental toll too. “You are effectively sterilising land use in the area,” says Richard Smith of National Grid; no planting, digging or building is allowed

13、. That makes installing subsurface cables 12 to 17 times as pricey as overhead lines, according to National Grid （they also need replacing sooner）. Since consumers pay for this through their electricity bills, everyone would have to fork out to protect the views and house prices of a few people.D So

14、 finding a new shape for pylons may be only one aspect of the coming power rows. But it will be a tricky one. Typically the best designs combine elegance with utility. Yet rather than being a feature in itself, the optimal pylon blends in with nature. Thats a tough task for 20 tons of steel, however

15、 impressively shaped.E The skeletal, lattice design of Britains electricity pylons has changed little since the first one was raised in 1928. Many countries have copied these “striding steel sentries”, as the poet Stephen Spender called them; more than 88,000 now march across the countrys intermitte

16、ntly green and pleasant land.F Now six new models are vying to replace these familiar steel towers. The finalists in a governmentsponsored competition to design a new pylon include a single shard spiking into the sky and an arced, open bow. After a winner is picked in October, National Grid, which r

17、uns the electricitytransmission network, will decide whether to construct it.G But the price of despoiling pretty scenery is hard to calculate. The risk is that the cost of damaging the landscape is ignored because it is not ascribed a monetary value, says Steve Albon, coauthor of a governmentcommis

18、sioned report on how much the natural environment contributes to Britains economy. As yet, though, no one has found an easy or accepted measure of this worth to help make decisions.12A345DPassage 5 For question 15, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list AG and fill them into the numbered

19、boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs C and E have been correctly placed.A Nor can it buy companies as freely as postal services in Europe, Canada or Asia have been doing for the past decade. Many European countries, as well as New Zealand and Japan, have already privatised or liberalised their

20、postal services. Combined, foreign posts now get most of their revenue from new businesses such as retailing or banking for consumers, or warehousing and logistics for companies.B THE US Postal Service has an unofficial creed that harks back to Herodotus, who was admiring the Persian Empires stalwar

21、t messengers. Its own history is impressive too, dating to a royal license by William and Mary in 1692, and including Benjamin Franklin as a notable postmaster, both for the crownand then for the newly independent country. Ever since, the post has existed “to bind the Nation together”.C Quasiindepen

22、dent since 1970, the post gets no public money. And yet it is obliged （as FedEx and UPS are not） to visit every mailbox, no matter how remote, six days a week. This has driven the average cost of each piece of mail up from 34 cents in 2006 to 41 cents. Yet the post is not allowed to raise prices （of

23、 stamps and such） willynilly; a 2006 law set formulas for that. So in effect, the post cannot control either its costs or its revenues.D So Americas post is looking for other solutions. It is planning to close post offices; up to 3,653, out of about 32,000. This month it announced plans to lay off a

24、nother 120,000 workers by 2015, having already bidden adieu to some 110,000 over the past four years （for a total of about 560,000 now）. It also wants to fiddle with its workers pensions and health care. E Ultimately, says Mr Donahoe, the post will have to stop delivering mail on Saturdays. Then per

25、haps on other days too. The post has survived new technologies before, he points out. “In 1910, we owned the most horses, by 1920 we owned the most vehicles.” But the internet just might send it the way of the pony express.F But as ever more Americans go online instead of sending paper, the volume o

26、f mail has been plummeting. The decline is steeper than even pessimists expected a decade ago, says Patrick Donahoe, the current postmastergeneral. Worse, because the post must deliver to every address in the countryabout 150m, with some 1.4m additions every yearcosts are simultaneously going up. As

27、 a result, the post has lost $20 billion in the last four years and expects to lose another $8 billion this fiscal year.G And although the recession made everything worse, the internet is the main culprit. As Christmas cards have gone online （and “green”）, so have bills. In 2000, 5% of Americans pai

28、d utilities online. Last year 55% did, and eventually everybody will, says Mr Donahoe. Photos now go on Facebook, magazines come on iPads. Already, at least for Americans under a certain age, the post delivers only bad news or nuisances, from jury summonses to junk mail. Pleasant deliveries probably

29、 arrive by a parcel service such as UPS or FedEx.Passage 6 For question 15, choose themostsuitable paragraphsfromthe list AG and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs A and B have been correctly placed.A Amongnewspapers, paywalls are still rare, though the New York Ti

30、mes and the Times of London both have them. Most wallbuilding is being done by small local outfits. “Local newspapers are more vital to their communities, and they have less competition,” explains Ken Doctor, the author of “Newsonomics”B The paywallbuilders tend to report a drop in online traffic. B

31、ut not usually a steep drop, and not always an enduring one. Oklahomas Tulsa World, which started demanding subscriptionsheavy online readers in April, reports that traffic in August of this year was higher than a year earlier. One possible explanation, odd as it may sound, is that readers are still discovering its website. “We have pa