虚拟语气用法详解文档格式.docx

1、I f I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题 （1）当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词be时，可用was代替were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。 Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻岁的话，我会去国外学习。I f I were you, I would try my best to grasp the

2、 chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次机会。有时，虚拟条件句中，主.从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not e here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free t

3、oday, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了（from .yygrammarZZZ）。I f he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。 If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。I f he had been worki

4、ng hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了 （3）当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。W ere she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。H ad he learnt about puters, we w

5、ould have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了（from .yygrammarZZZ）。（4）有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。 I would have e to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。B ut for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。W ithout your instruction, I would not have made such gr

6、eat progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。（5）有时，虚拟条件句中，主.从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。Y ou could have passed this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了。省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。I f only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。二.其他状语从句的虚拟语气1.目的状语从句中的虚拟语气 （1）在for fear that, in case, lest引导

7、的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且 should不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should e in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。H e started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为： can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。如（from

8、 .yygrammarZZZ）： He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。H e read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气 （1）在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句.从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。 Even if he were here himself,

9、he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。N obody could save him even though Hua Tuo should e here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。在whatever， whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为： may +动词原形（指现在或将来）。 We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生

10、什么事，我们都要按时完成。W e will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may e. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。 may +完成式（指过去），主句结构不限。 You mustnt be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲（from .yygrammarZZZ）。W e must

11、respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形，主句结构不限。 Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。A lthough / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记，他也

12、必须遵守规定。3. 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气 as if, as though引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的结构为： 表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构 发生在主句动作之前 had + 过去分词 与主句动作同时发生 过去时（be 用were ）发生在主句动作之后 would / could / might / should+原形动词 例如： They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。H e coughed twice as if someone

13、 should e. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。4. 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气 amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为： should + 原形动词（指现在或将来）。 He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。I was astonished that he should not ans

14、wer such an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单的问题。 should + 完成式, 指过去。 Im very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃惊，父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情（from .yygrammarZZZ）。三.宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.英语中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide,

15、 insist（坚决要求）, order, propose, request, suggest（建议）表示请求.要求.命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：（should）+ 原形动词。 The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。T he Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。但是，当ins

16、ist的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；suggest的意思为：表明，暗含，暗示等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。 Tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。H is smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。 should + 原形动词。 Can you believe that he should k

17、ill a tiger? 你能相信他竟杀死了一只老虎？Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名？3. 英语中，wish之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为（from .yygrammarZZZ）： 表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构 发生在主句动作之前 （1）had + 过去分词； （2）would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词 与主句动作同时发

18、生 过去时（be 用were ）发生在主句动作之后 would / could / might / should + 原形动词 例如：I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了英语。I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。H e wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。4. 英语中，would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使

19、用虚拟语气。 表示所发生的时间 虚拟语气结构 过去 had + 过去分词； 现在 过去时（be 用were ）将来 过去时（be 用were ）例如：Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。I d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。W ed rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那儿。四.主语从句中的虚拟语气 在表达惊异.惋惜.遗憾.理应如此等意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语其的结构为： should + 动词原形，主句中的谓语动词形式

20、不限。句型： （1）It is admirable / dreadful / extraordinary / odd / remarkable / sad / advisable / annoying / disappointing / surprising / upsetting / frightening / better / best / curious / desirable / important / strange / peculiar / proper / necessary / natural that （2）It is a pity / a shame / no wonder

21、. that （3）It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /. that （4）It worries me that 如：It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要。I t is strange that he should not e. 很奇怪，他竟没有来。I t is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。I t worries me that we s

22、hould be blamed for that. 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼。五.表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气 英语中，表示请求.要求.命令.建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, remendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，表语从表面上看几屗及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。+ 动词原形。 We followed his advice that we should ask our t

23、eacher for help. 我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助（from .yygrammarZZZ）。H e told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告诉了我们他的想法：他想上大学。H is suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些。T heir plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. 他们的计划就是在家乡建一座新工厂。六.定

24、语从句中的虚拟语气 英语中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is （high / about）time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形。 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。I t is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。7. 简单句中的虚拟语气1.说话时，为了表示客气.谦虚.委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could

25、 / might / should + 原形动词。 Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。2. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。 May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。M ay your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。3. 表示强烈的“愿望”.“祝愿”时，常用动

26、词原形。 Long live the munist Party of China. 中国*万岁。G od bless us. 上帝保佑。4. 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。（1）提出请求或邀请。 Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗？陈述自己的观点或看法。 I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。提出劝告或建议。 Yo

27、ud better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。Y ou should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。提出问题。 Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗？Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。“情态动词 + have + 过去分词”。 You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这

28、里了。Y ou should have returned it to him. 你应该把他还给他了。w ish后宾语从句用虚拟语气 一.用法说明 动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would （could）动词原形。 I wish I were not so busy. 但愿我不那样忙碌。I wish I werewas better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。S

29、 he wished she had stayed at home. 她后悔的是她当时要是留在家里就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 要是你明天同我们一起去就好了。I wish you wouldnt look down on this kind of work. 我希望你不要看不起这种工作。T his watch has gone wrong. I wish I had bought a better make. 这只表坏了，我真愿意我买的是好一点的牌子。I wish you wouldnt smoke any more. 我希望你不再抽烟了。I wish you would be more respectful to your father. 我希望你对你父亲更尊敬些。I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。二.特别注意 从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，而与wish的时态无关，比较： I wish I were rich. 要是我现在有钱就好了。I wis