高二升高三英语衔接新高三英语暑期英语语法专题之定语从句讲义一文档格式.docx

1、在此幕中，哈姆雷特的独白，显示了主人公非同一般的内心痛苦，即到底是生存还是毁灭的精神搏斗，它一直被 公认为是莎文中最精彩的篇章。（背景简介：Groove Coverage，中文译为舞动精灵王族，是德国新晋乐队，以其混合多种元素的舞曲风格迅速走红，驰名全欧。自2006年一首在网络上颇为受欢迎的英文舞曲God Is A Girl红遍全国各地。该舞曲幕后团体、来自德国的二人电子舞曲组合成为了继黑眼豆豆后，又一支在华拥有巨大影响力的舞曲组合。）2.歌词如下：朗读（如果能演唱出来是最好的）并简单解释，让学生格外留意粗斜标红处；3.通过这些内容旨在借助流行音乐激发学生兴趣来导出本节课要学习的语法定语从句。

2、（Chorus）She is the one that you never forget She is the heaven-sent angel you met Oh, she must be the reason why God made a girl She is so pretty all over the world She puts the rhythm, the beat in the drum She comes in the morning and the evening shes gone Every little hour every second you live Tr

3、ust in eternity thats what she gives 此环节教案预期时间60分钟此部分记忆性的知识比较多，有部分是学生已经掌握的，建议老师采取思维导图的提问的方式，或者采取先练习再讲解的方式，了解学生掌握情况，然后针对知识漏洞进行强调。 定语从句思维导图知识名称【知识梳理1】关系代词引导的定语从句1who, whom, whose引导的定语从句 （1）who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。（2）whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用of which取代。【例题精讲】

4、1. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ you received gifts?（2012年上海英语高考）【答案】whom2. Parties _ alcohol is served can go downhill quickly if drinking is basically the only thing to do at the party.（2011年上海徐汇二模）【答案】whose3. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgent

5、ly needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.（奉贤2013二模37题）【答案】who4. A company_profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.2that, which引导定语从句（1）that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。指物时其用法和which大致相同，但也有区别。（2）which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。（3）下列情况只用that不用

6、which：先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词；先行词被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰；先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；先行词被the only, the very（正是，恰是），the last修饰；先行词中既有人也有物；在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。1. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an are

7、a _interact with one another.（2013年上海英语高考）【答案】that，本题极易错，一定要注意先行词在从句中充当的成分，不能想当然。2. You ll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.（2011年上海英语高考）【答案】which/that，先行词taxi在从句中作hire的宾语。3. Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, _ is set to be installed in other villages

8、 in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.（2014年上海英语高考）【答案】which4. I recently read an article about “nomophobia,” （40） _ is a real illness people cant suffer from the fear of being without your phone! （2015年上海英语高考）【巩固练习】1. There is nothing

9、can prevent him from doing it.【答案】that2. The first place _ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.3. This is the best film _ I have ever seen.4. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner _ he knows.【知识梳理2】关系副词引导的定语从句 1关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因（一般为reason）的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用“介词which”结构替换。 2当定语从句中

10、缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词表时间、地点和原因仍用which/that。 3当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point, situation, case, stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。1. Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now.（2009年上海英语高考） 【答案】where2. So I decided to leave home for New York, _I

11、might have a better chance to find a good job. （2014年上海英语高考） 3. Gone are the days _ surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies.（2012年上海杨浦一模）【答案】when4. The years and months_we spent together are really wonderful to us

12、 all.5. Error correction in a language class should never be carried to the point_ it discourages students from getting involved.（2013年上海嘉定二模）6.In addition to this traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations _ would bring about positive emotions.（2013年上海浦东二模）【答案】which，本题易错，要

13、看清situation在从句中充当主语，不能想当然填where。7.The reason_ Im writing is to tell you about a party on Saturday. 【答案】why8.Is this the reason_ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?【知识梳理3】“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。2该结构中介词的选用（1）一般来说，确

14、定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思；（2）表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of常见结构：在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom；the比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。1. Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ _we may return in the near future. （2010年上海英语高考）【答

15、案】to which2.Teachers face a big challenge in such a situation. When they enter a classroom _ _ most of the students do not want to be there and do not want to study, how can they teach?（2015年上海普陀区一模）【答案】in which3. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she

16、 ran back in the direction_ _ she had come. 【答案】from which4. The composer _ _ the teenagers are familiar has contributed all his life to music.【答案】 with whom【知识梳理4】as, which引导定语从句1as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。2as常用在下列习惯用语中：as （it） often happens, as I remember, as is often the cas

17、e, as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown等。3which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。4“such/so . that .”表示“如此以致”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so . as .”表“像这样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。 5.the sameas（相似物）/that（同一物） This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.（相似物） This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.（同一

18、物）1. “Ungelivable” is so new an English word coined on the Internet _ is forbidden to appear in official media or documents at present.（2012上海奉贤二模）【答案】as2.The fallen leaves covered the streets, _ added beauty to the ancient small town. （2011年上海闵行一模）3. _ many of you are old enough to remember, the Be

19、atles came from Liverpool. 【答案】As4.I have bought the same dress_she is wearing.5.Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem _ none of us worked out.Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem _ none of us worked it out.【答案】as; that。要注意区分，第一个是定语从句，第二个是

20、结果状语从句。【知识梳理5】way后接定语从句的情况在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。What surprised me was not what he said but the way _ he said it.【答案】in which; that; /【知识梳理6】解题方法指导技法一：定语从句的解题步骤第一步：找出主句；第二步：找出被修饰词即先行词；第三步：找出定语从句；第四步：将先行词代入定语从句；第五步：判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分

21、，如作主语、宾语、表语，需选择关系代词who, whom, that, which；如作定语，需选择whose, of which或of whom；如作状语，需选择关系副词when, why, where。技法二：“介词关系词”引导的定语从句解题方法“介词关系代词”考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。因此在答题时考生必须注意解题思路。考生可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词，具体做法是：（1）把先行词放在从句中，根据句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。（2）注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。1. The treatment will contin

22、ue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk naturally and safely.Awhen BwhereCwhich Dthat解析：选B句意：治疗将一直持续到病人能自然而安全地行走。point与case, stage, degree等一样，其后可接where引导的定语从句。2Following the girl, we went into a hall, on _ walls hung a few pictures of some famous scientists.Aits BwhichCwhose Dthose选C分析句

23、子成分可知，walls与先行词hall存在所属关系，因此关系词应该使用whose。3He talked about the books and people _ interested them greatly in the school.Awho BwhichChow Dthat选D先行词为the books and people，在定语从句中作主语，既包含人又包含物，所以用关系代词that引导。故选D项。4They stood on the top of the high building, _ they could see the whole city.Afrom which Bon wh

24、ereCfrom where Don it选C根据句意可知，从那个高楼的顶部能看见整个城市，此处from where相当于from on the top of the high building。5Oct. 1st, _ is our National Day, is always celebrated with singing and dancing.Aas BthatCwhen Dwhich选D分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句。先行词为Oct.1st，从句中缺少主语，所以需要用关系代词，又由于前面有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，所以用关系代词which。6Do you have anythi

25、ng to say for yourselves?Yes, there is one point _ we must insist on.Awhy Bwhere选D分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句。此处先行词为one point，引导词在从句中作insist on的宾语，所以应用关系代词which或者that。答案为D项。7Occasions are quite rare _ the father has the time to spend a day with his kids.Awhen BwhichCwhy Dthat选A句意：父亲和孩子们共度一天的机会很少。此句是一个分割式定语从句，

26、先行词为occasions，相当于一个虚拟的时间，在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。8The small mountain village _ we spent our holiday last month lies in _ is now part of Hubei.Awhich; where Bwhere; whatCthat; which Dwhen; which我们上个月度假的那个小山村位于当今湖北的一部分。“where we spent our holiday last month”是定语从句，修饰先行词the small mountain village; “what is n

27、ow part of Hubei”是宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。9On February 14th, 2013, the famous South African runner Oscar Pistorius killed his girlfriend with his gun, _ shocked the world.Awhen BwhoCthat Dwhich选D句意：2013年2月14日，著名的南非赛跑运动员Oscar Pistorius开枪杀死了自己的女朋友，这件事震惊了全世界。which指代整个主句的内容，在定语从句中作主语。10. He was very rude to th

28、e customs officer, _ of course made things even worse.A. who B. whom C. what D. which选D非限制性定语从句，指物做主语。1.Do you think the reason _ you gave for your absence is valid?Aas Bwhat Cthat Dwhy2.Nowadays some people tend to take pride in doing things _ they should feel ashamed.Aby which Bof whichCin which Dfrom which3.The British are not so familiar with other cultures and ways of doing things, _ is often the case in other countries.Athat Bwho Cas Dwhere4.Alec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.