1、)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地38万千米)二、副词:用来讲明情形发生时刻、地址、缘故、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。一、副词的分类:(见下表)时 间 副 词频度副词地点/方位副词程度副词方式副词疑问/连接副词其他副词today, tomorrow,once,here, there,very, too,well,how,too, also,yesterday, now,twice,home, below,enough,hard,where,nor, so,then, early,
2、late,always,anywhere,rather, quite,alone,when,as, on,off,once, soon, just,usually,above, outside,how, so,fast,why,either,tonight, long,often,in, inside, out,much, just,together,whetheryes, no,already, yet, before,sometimes,back, up, down,nearly, onlysuddenly,however, etc.not, neitherago, later, ever
3、 sincenever,away, off, far,almost, hardly,-ly结尾关系副词maybe,after, whenever(seldom),near, nearby,as long as等,的副词perhaps,first, someday,ever,wherevereven, all,why, howcertainly,sometime, last,everywhere,a little, a bit2、副词在句子中的位置和作用:(副词能够修饰动词、形容词或副词,也可放句首修饰整个句子。: 时刻副词:一样放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、late
4、r、yet等一样放在句尾,already、just一样放在动词的前面。 频度副词:一样放在be动词以后或助动词与要紧动词之间,但sometimes、often等还能够放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一样放在句尾。 方式副词:一样放在行为动以后,suddenly能够放在句首、句尾或动词之前。Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(
5、突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光) 地址副词:一样放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你能够看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,专门快又返回) 程度副词:修饰动词时,放在动词之前;修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough
6、老是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面;only位置比较灵活,老是放在被修饰的词的前面。I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(若是他再也不次告知我,我几乎把那事全忘了) / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车) 疑问副词:用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置老是在句
7、首。When and where were you born?(你何时何地诞生?)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生什么缘故要坐在鸡蛋上?)/ How do you do?(你好! 连接副词:用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算如何杀死那只猫仍是个问题)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那确实是人人都可怕老虎的缘故) / He wondered how
8、 he could do it the next day.(他不明白第二天如何做那事) 关系副词:用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(这确实是张先生曾经住过的地址)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(请告知我你的英语是如何学得这么好的方式) 其它副词:too“也”,用在句尾;also放在动词前;either “也”(用于否定句),放在句尾;nor“也不”,放在句首;so“如此,如此”,放在形容词、副词前;on/off“
9、开/关”放在动词以后;not放在be以后、助动词以后、不定式或动名词之前;maybe/perhaps放在句首;certainly放在句首或动词之前。He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(或许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里) / -Tom doesnt have a computer. Nor do I.(汤姆没有运算机,我也没有。) (2)作表语:地址副词一样能够作表语,放在be等连系动词以后,说明人物所处的位置。I
10、m very sorry he isnt in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我离开家乡有快要20年了) / Jim is over there.(吉姆就在那里)(3)作定语:时刻副词(如now、then)和许多地址副词都能够作名词的定语,放在名词的后面。People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(此刻的人们常常在餐馆里吃节日晚宴) / Women there were living
11、 a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世纪20年代的女人过着恐怖的日子)(4)作宾语补足语:地址副词一样能够作宾语补足语。Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的脏袜子拿开!它们在散发着臭气。) / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父亲把他关在家里做作业)注意 “动词+副词”的宾语若是是代词,那么代词放在动词与副词之间,若是宾语是名词那么能够放中间,也可放后面。He wrote down the word.(他写下了
12、那个词。)He wrote it down.(他把它写了下来。 类似的有:put it/them on take it/them off turn it/them on/off hand it/them in三、形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级一、分类:形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变成比较级和最高级有规那么转变和不规那么转变两种。二、规那么转变:(1)单音节和部份双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est组成比较级和最高级。a)直接加er,est :b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est:c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改成i再加上er,es
13、t:(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.3、不规那么转变:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好;(身体)好的,bad, badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地;(身体)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地;(身体)最不舒服的ill(身体)不舒服的many许多的(可数)more更多的;更most最多的;最much许多的(不可数);非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的;远地farther更远的;更远地farthest最远的;最远地further进一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4、形
14、容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法:级别比较程度表达方式和意义例 句备 注原级同等程度肯定形式As+原级+as(像一样)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can.否not + so (as) +原级+as(不如那样)English is not so difficult as science.She does not think swimming is as interesting as hiking.注意I dont think否定前移句型不同程度(用于两者比较)比较级+than(比)Jim is older than
15、Luky.I like pork better than beef.比较级前面可以加much, far, even, still,a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级(越来越)The + 比较级,the + 比较级(越, 越)He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand.最高程度(用于三者或三者以上)The +最高级+of (in)(最)Spring is the best s
16、eason of the year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副词最高级前面的the 往往省略注意:有些形容词,如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制,没有比较级。5、形容词比较级与最高级的特殊用法举例:1His bike is newer than hers. (见到than 必需用比较级) Jim is the tallest in our class.(在班集等集体内用介词in来表示比较的范围) Jim is the tallest of all (the studens). (见到of a
17、ll 要用最高级) = Of all the students, Jim is the tallest. Jim is the tallest of the three. (见到of the three要用最高级) Which is bigger, a tiger or a monkey ? (二者比用比较级) Which is the biggest, a tiger, a dog or a monkey ?(三者或三者以上比用最高级) This ruler is short , Please give me a longer one. Id like the bigger (one) of
18、 the two cakes.(二者中“较”用“the+比较级”) Tom is two years older than I. 汤姆比我大两岁。 Tom is twice as old as I. 汤姆的年龄是我的两倍。 The number of the students in our school is bigger/larger/smaller than yours. 咱们学校的学生数量比你们学校大/小。(两个数量/目只级比较大小,不能比较多少(价钱price只能比较高低,用“high”或“low”,不能比较贵或廉价)6、比较级与最高级的互换Jim is taller than any
19、 other boy in our class.(吉姆比咱们班上任何一个男孩都高)= Jim is taller than the other boys in our class.(在咱们班上吉姆其它的男孩高)= Jim is taller than any of the other boys in our class.= Jim is the tallest boy in our class.(吉姆是咱们班最高的) . Jim is taller than any girl in our class.(吉姆比咱们班的任何一个女孩都高) .Tom isnt as/so tall as Mike
20、. = Tom is shorter than Mike. = Mike is taller than Tom. = Tom is less tall than Mike. .This book isnt as/so interesting as that book. =This book is less interesting than that book =That book is more interesting than this book.7、比较级前经常使用的修饰语:比较级前经常使用a bit/a little(一点),much/a lot(超级),even/far(加倍),sti
21、ll等词语表示程度。而表示数量的more之前还能够加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等词。例如:She is a little taller than I (me). Rose is much more careful than Tom. Would you like some more coffee?(你还要些咖啡吗?) He did not eat any more.(他没有再吃)8、利用形容词和副词比较级和最高级应注意事项: 1. than必需放在形容词比较级的后面。2. 形容词的最高级前必需有the, 而副词的最高级前the能够
22、省略。3. 在进行比较时,必需是同类事物相较较。His ruler is longer than I. (错) His ruler is longer than mine.(对) The weather here is hotter than that in Beijing.(that不能少)聚焦2020年江苏省中考题( )1. It was _ weather that they decided to go out for a picnic无锡市 A. such fine B. such a fine C. so fine D. so fine a ( )2. My parents will
23、 go there by taxi because it is raining_.无锡市 A. badly B. hardly C. probably D. heavily( )3. Daniel is a careful driver, but he drives _ of my friends. 苏州市 A. more carefully B. the most carefully C. less carefully D. the least carefully( )4. Mrs King kept weighing herself to see how much_she was gett
24、ing. 南京市A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest( )5. Did you watch the basketball match last weekend?Yes, I did. It was covered_, and I think it was wonderful. 扬州市A. live B. alive C living D. lively( )6. The girls voice sounds_. Maybe she can become a good singer when she grows up. 淮安市A.
25、sweet B. sweetly C. beautifully( )7. How are you today, Bob?Im even_now. I dont think the medicine is good for me. 南通市A. better B. worse C. happier D. unluckier( )8. Billy has all kinds of different ideas. He is_to be a famous writer. 宿迁市A. enough creative B. creative enough C. energetic enough D. e
26、nough energetic( )9. Helen learns to dance three times a week. Now she dances_Anita does. 宿迁市A. so good as B. as well as C. as good as D. so well as( )10. When the fire broke out, many people were so_that they ran_.宿迁市A. frightening; wild B. frightened; wild C. frightened; wildly D. frightening; wil
27、dly( )11. The work is too difficult for Mr Zhu to finish in a week. He needs_days. 宿迁市A. more two B. two more C. two another D. another more( )12. In the Science Museum, the children felt_to see so many_things. 镇江市A. surprised; amazed B. surprising; amazing C surprising; amazed D. surprised; amazing
28、 ( )13. It was _ music that I lost myself in it. 泰州市A. such a beautiful B. so beautiful a C. so beautiful D. such beautiful( )14. Be _. Make sure not to make the same spelling mistake next time. 盐城市 A. peaceful B. careful C. helpful D. thankful ( )15. When an earthquake happens, and you are outdoors, you should keep calm and go to an open are
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