过去分词的用法Word文件下载.docx

1、Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. 3. 作条件状语。V-ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。Working harder, youll be No. 1 in your class. 4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。Weighing almost two hundred jin, the

2、stone was moved by him alone. 5. 作结果状语。He died, leaving nothing but debts. 6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。He sat by the roadside, begging. （五）现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。Having finished his homework, he left the classroom. （六） 现在分词的被动式 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用V-ing 形式的被动式。The factory being built now is a big one. （七） 现在分词的否

3、定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开. He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.过去分词作宾语补足语（一）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类:1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen t

4、o, feel, notice, think等.（1） I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.（过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;）（2）_He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大.（过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found）2. 表示致使意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.（1） Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发.（2） He got his tooth pulle

5、d out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了.（3） Dont leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完. 【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系. （二）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况. 1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成. （1） He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.（被别人偷去了） 2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如:（2） He had his leg broken.他的腿断了. （自己的经历）with +宾语+过去分词结构结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语.这一结构通

6、常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语.例如:（1） The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.（表方式） （2） With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.（表条件） （3） With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.（表原因） （4）_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixe

7、d on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他.（5） He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿. 1.你认识那个穿着红衣服的妇女吗 2.舒服地坐在椅子上,他在沉思.3.对于昨天发生的事故,我很震惊.4.给予更多的关心的话,这些树会长得更好.5.他作了自我介绍,以便使自己被大家认识.6.昨天,我把衣服让人洗了.7.上周一,我看到你兄弟被一个陌生人打了.8.将书合上背诵这篇课文.9.我提高了声音以便使自己被听见.10.如果被问及,你不要说我在家里.11.你参加了昨天举行的会议吗 12.从日本引进的这些

8、种子已经坏了.13.我想把这封信寄出去.14.女工人将头发扎在后面来上班.15.我们没有足够的食物吃的日子一去部复返了.16.我们必须适应改变了的形式.17.用所给的动词写出两个句子.18.他们在看足球比赛,兴奋而又满意.19.他说爬山很累.但是我一点也不累.20.即使在森林里迷路了,他也不担心.二（一）分词的作用 现在分词可用于：构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English.当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing.当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。e.g. Falling leaves danced in the

9、 air.I saw many birds flying along the river.The story is very moving.过去分词可用于：构成完成时。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there.构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world.当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful.当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。e.g. a boy named TomI saw the girl killed with my ow

10、n eyes.Im interested in English. （二）现在分词与过去分词的两大差别 1. 现在分词与过去分词的最大差别在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。 2. 现在分词与过去分词的第二大差别在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。 3. 把握主、被动关系的两个前提 1）弄清动词的确切含义。不少主、被动关系判断错误都是由于没弄清动词的确切含义造成的。 Wrong: Girls frighten snakes. Right: Girls fear snakes./ Snakes frighten girls. 牢记: tire, disappoint, satisfy,

11、 terrify, interest, frighten, worry, excite, surprise, please, seat, puzzle, ect. 只能作及物动词，都有“使动”的特点，都含“使”之义。 2）能熟练判断分词的逻辑主语。即明白与哪个词去构成主、被动关系。 分词的逻辑主语 逻辑主语就是与分词具有主、被动关系的名词或代词。它既可能是句子主语，又可能是句中宾语，或者是句中其它成分；它既可能是动作行为的发出者，也有可能是动作行为的承受者。那种认为逻辑主语就是动作行为的发出者的理解是片面的。 分词的逻辑主语的位置不是固定不变的, 而是“活”的随着分词所作语法成分的不同，其逻辑

12、主语位置也不同，所以确定逻辑主语前首先要确定分词的语法成分。 （1）作状语时 Seeing the teacher come in, all the students stood up. the students是seeing的逻辑主语 Heated, the metal expands. the metal是 heated的逻辑主语 结论：分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。 （2）作宾补时 I saw him reading last night. him 是reading的逻辑主语 His wife found his hair dyed black. hair是 dyed的逻辑主语分词作

13、宾补，其逻辑主语是句子宾语。 （3）作表语时 The film is moving. the film是 moving的逻辑主语 The visitors looked surprised. the visitors是surprised的逻辑主语分词作表语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。 （4）作定语时 This is an interesting book. book是 interesting的逻辑主语 The moved children looked serious. children是 moved的逻辑主语分词作定语，其逻辑主语是被修饰词（即中心词）。 （5）用于复合结构中时（即在独立主格中与

14、with复合结构中） With the task completed, we went out to take some fresh air. the task是 completed的逻辑主语 It being Sunday, they had no classes. it 是being的逻辑主语分词用于复合结构，逻辑主语是复合结构中的逻辑主语 附表2：分词的逻辑主语一览表 分词所作成分 状语 主语 表语 宾补 宾语 定语 被修饰词 复合结构 复合结构中的逻辑主语 （三）确定分词的使用的具体步骤 （1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分 （2）找准逻辑主语 （3）判断主、被动关系 （4）选定现在或

15、过去分词 1. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 简析：根据语法分析可知，待选部分是修饰 noise 的定语短语；据常识“雷声随闪电之后到来”，自然A noise follows the sudden burst of light , noise与follow是主动关系。因此，该题应选B。 2. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include wo

16、men until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games 的后置分词短语；The Olympic Games是动词 play 的承受者，且已完成 （in 776 B. C.）。因此，该题选C。 3. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，

17、等于定语从句 which is spoken 4. Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句 who were invited 5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B.

18、 to be written C. being written D. written该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句which were written （四）分词作表语 共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。 不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。 1. The news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. t

19、o encourage根据语法分析可知， sounds 在此句中用作连系动词, 待选部分应作表语 ；The news 对于动词 encourage 来说应是主动关系，即消息鼓舞人心。因此，该题应选A。 2. How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please根据语法分析可知, seems 在此句中用作连系动词, 待选部分作表语。 再根据 his father 对于动词 please 来说应是被

20、动关系, 即这个结果使他的父亲高兴。因此, 该题应选C。 3. How did the audience receive the new play? They got very _. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting测试他们被那出新戏所打动。 （五）分词作宾语补足语分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生； 1. The next morning she found t

21、he man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying首先，根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说明宾语 the man; 再根据宾语 the man 对于动词 lie 来说应是主动关系, 且lie 这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进行。因此, 该题应选A。 2. Good morning. Can I help you? Id like to have the package _, madam. A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed首先，根据语法分析

22、可知，待选部分在句中应作宾补，补充说明宾语 the package; 再根据 the package 对于动词 weigh 来说, 只能是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。 3. He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself _. A. understand B. understanding C. understood D. understands该题应选C。himself是make的宾语，待选部分的逻辑主语。由于英语表达能力差，说出的英语别人难于听懂，也就不易被人理解。因此，这里用过去分词来表达这一被动含义

23、。 4. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。 （六）分词作状语分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生； 1. “Cant you read?” Mary said ，_

24、 to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing测试现在分词作伴随状语，通过副词 angrily 进行干扰。若B 答案为 and pointed angrily 时也对。 2. _ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加

25、 not 。若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。 3. The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。 另外，分词作状语时，如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时，需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。（此时，也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。 例：The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied很显然，待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands，而不是句子的主语 The murderer , 而 his hands 对于动词 tie 来说只能是被动关系。 综上所述，现在分词与过去分词的根本区别是主、被动关系，正确认定逻辑主语是正确使用分词的关键。明白这一道理并不难，最重要的是要养成“分析句子成分寻找