初中英语语法几大基本时态讲与练Word文件下载.docx

1、plant解析：学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译，就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的，要看语法是不是正确，在英语中，be是表状态，do是表动作，两种动词不能同时出现在句子中，可记住如下口诀：“英汉语言有差异，be 、do不能放一起，仔细琢磨细分析，语法千万要牢记。”自我检测：（一）、 单选1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work; works B works; work C work; are working D is working; work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.

2、A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain Bdidn Cdoesn Disnt rain4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening

3、 D liking ; listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B（二）、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he _ （ come） to visit.2 _your sister_（know）English?3Her home_ _ _（远离 ）her school.4The pot_（not look） like yours very much.5 Where _you_（have）lunch every day

4、?6 Who_（想要 ）to go swimming?7 _she_（do） the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually_（play） games in the afternoon .1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesnt look二、单三人称形式易出错1 He plaies （play） football very well.2 Danny gos （go） to school at 7:10.1 plays 2 goes1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es；2与

5、名词变复数不同，变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.三、在句式变换时易出错1 Does Jenny has （has） a good friend?2 Brian doesnt lives （not live） in China.1 Does have 2 doesnt live单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时，可记住如下口诀：“见助动，用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didnt go home yesterday.四、对do的理解易出错We dont （not do） our homework in the afternoon.dont dodo是一个比较难

6、理解的词，它有三个含义: a）是所有行为动词的总称；b）是助动词，无实义；c）是一个具体的行为动词“做，干”。此句中给出的do指“做，干”，not指把此句变为否定句，故须在do前加助动词dont。五、对主语的数判断有误 Li Ming with me are （be） in Beijing.答案: is解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”，但with在此做伴随状语，不能做主语，故用is.另外，宾语从句中，从句部分若是表示客观真理，不管主句是何时态，从句都要用一般现在时；在时间和条件状语从句中，主句表将来，从句要用一般现在时。现在进行时 大家知道，谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种

7、形式称为时态。现在进行时表示：1、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调“此时此刻”。E.g. He is reading . They are talking now.2、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g. They are working these days.3、某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.g I am coming.其结构为be+现在分词. 现在分词的变法有：1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing , E.g. jump2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing. E.g have write3、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾

8、的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing. E.g. sit put其句式变换都在be上做文章。E.g. He is buying a bike.Is he buying a bike?He isnt buying a bike.一般由look,listen,now, at this moment等时间状语做标志。尽管现在进行时比较简单，但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误，常见的错误有如下几种：自我检测（一） 、单选1、 Look! He _their mother do the housework.A. is helping B. are help C. is hel

9、p D.is helpping2 、_are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.A .Who B .How C.What D.Where3、 Dont talk here. My mother _.A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep4 、Danny _. Dont call him.A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes5 、When_he_back? Sorry, I dont know.A. does,com

10、e B.are coming C.is come D.is comingA A B D1、 Its ten oclock. My mother _（lie）in bed.2、 What_he _（mend）?3、 We _（play）games now.4、 What _you_（do） these days?5、 _he _（clean） the classroom?6、 Who_（sing）in the next room?7 、The girl_（like）wearing a sweater. Look! She _（wear）a red sweater today.1 is lying

11、 2 is mending 3 are playing 4 are doing5 Is cleaning 6 is singing 7 likes ; is wearing一、把动词变成现在分词形式易出错1、They are swiming.（swim）2 、Jenny is plaiing（play）football.1.swimming 2 .playing动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:“一添一去y不变”. “一添”指双写规则；“一去”指去掉不发音字母e规则；“y不变”指要与名词变复数区分开。二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词1、 Look,two children flying.（f

12、ly） a kite in the park.2 、Li Mingisnt read （ not read） a book in bed now.1 are flying 2 isnt reading现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为: “be+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing1 、The students are singing in the room.（对划线部分提问）What are the students in the room?What are the students doing in the room?现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式

13、“What +be +主语+doing+其它?或简写为“What.doing.”?句式。四、现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式孩子们在跑还是在跳？Are the children running or jump?Are the children running or jumping? or连接的是两个并列成分，动词形式须一致。 一般过去时 一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解：1）过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years a

14、go.2）过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3）谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4）有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。e.g. What did you say?另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g. Could you lend me your pen?其结构是主语+动词的过去式。be动词的过去式为was, were

15、；行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化有以下几种情况：1）直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-worked; ask-asked; 2）以e结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrive-arrived; like-liked.3）末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-shopped; 4）以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry-carried; study-studied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,e.g. fly-flew; break-broke; teach-taugh

16、t. 这些需要象生单词一样记住.其句式变化分为两种情况1）含有be动词的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2）含有行为动词的变否定句要在行为动词前加助动词didnt.,同时把动词变成原形; 变一般疑问句,在句首加助动词did,同时把动词变成原形. e.g. I bought a gift for my mum yesterday. I didnt buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for you

17、r mum yesterday?其时间状语为yesterday或由其构成的短语,e.g. yesterday morning; 由last+时间构成的短语, e.g. last year;时间段+ago构成的短语, e.g. three days ago; 另外,还有on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示过去时态的从句.注意,在宾语从句中主句为过去,一般从句也为过去.自主检测:（一 ）选择1 She lived there before he_to China.A. came B. comes C. come D. coming2 I _but_n

18、othing.A . was listened;was hearing B. listened;heardC . have listened; heard D. listened; heard of3 When did you _here?A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach4 I_my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish5 -He didnt go shopping with you yesterday

19、 afternoon, did he?- _.A. No, he doesnt B. Yes, he didn C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.6 -I have had supper.- When _you_it?A. have; had B. do, have C. did,have D. will have 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 A 5 D 6 C（二） 填空1 They_（be） on the farm a moment ago.2 There_（be）a shop not long ago.3 Jenny_（not go）to bed until 11

20、:00 oclock last night.4 Danny _（read ）English five minutes ago.5 I _（see）Li Lei _（go） out just now.6 He _（do）his homework every day. But he _（not do）it yesterday.7 When I was young, I _（play）games with my friends.8 When _you_（write）this book?I _it last year.9 Did he_（have） lunch at home?10 I _（eat）

21、the bread, I m full now.1 were 2 was 3 didnt go 4 read 5 saw go6 does ; didnt do 7 played 8 did write ; wrote 9 have 10 have eaten常见错误如下:一、把动词变成过去式易出错例: 1 They stoped （stop） talking just now.2 They plaied （play） football yesterday. 1 stopped 2 played我们可以记住下面的口诀:动词变成过去式,双写规律要牢记;y前若是辅音字,y变i加-ed;y前若是元音

22、字,只须直接加-ed.二、忘记把动词变成过去式 I fly （fly） kites on the afternoon of Sunday. flew一般过去时态里,过去形式莫忘记. 1 We didnt went （not go） out last Friday.2 Did you had （have） a good time yesterday? 1 didn 2 Did have请记住口诀见助动, 用原形.四、易与单三人称作主语的一般现在时弄混 He taughts （teach） me English last year. taught行为动词的过去式无人称和数的变化.即使主语是单三人称

23、,也和其它人称所用动词的形式一样.五、易与现在完成时弄混 我看过这部电影I saw（see） the film. I have seen （see） the film.我看过这部电影说明我了解这部电影的内容,强调现在的情况,应用现在完成时;一般过去时态的句子只是说明我看了这场电影,与现在无关.六、易与过去进行时弄混,这里不在重复。一般将来时一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及计划、打算做某事。E.g. They will have a football match tomorrow. He will be thirty next week. She is going to buy a coat this afternoon.