英语初高衔接课11选十学生版文档格式.docx

1、Some 46 customers include people who used to live in the city and want a down-to-earth souvenir. He claims he has even sold to art collectors.Realizing that the concept appears to be a real money-maker, Mr Gignac has 47 a company and is employing his girlfriend as vice president. He 48 to discuss hi

2、s profit margins: “Its actually quite a lot of effort putting them together-but yes, garbage is free.” Mr Gignac is considering more varieties of souvenirs. He maintains that he has signed 49 with people interested in similar projects from as far as Berlin and London做选词填空时应注意以下五方面： 一、词性分类。在单词旁边按这个单词

3、是名词，动词，形容词，副词标出词性。这样学生在面对一个空格时，只要根据上下文的语法结构或逻辑关系不再是从10个词中去选1个答案了，可以是4选1甚至2选1，从而缩小了选择的范围，提高做题的准确率。我们以上海高考卷选词填空题为例先按词性分类：A. contents 名词 I. contracts 名词、动词 B. taking 现在分词 E. packaging 现在分词、名词F. declined 过去分词、一般过去时 J. registered 过去分词、一般过去时C. carefully 副词 G. freely 副词D. plastic 形容词 H. typical 形容词 在进行分类时要

4、注意两点：1. 有的单词不只是一个词性，例如influence，heat, concern等。08年上海卷填词题中 honour 和 set 既有名词词性又有动词词性. 这时两个都要标出来。2. 以-ing或-ed 结尾的词既可能是动词，也可能是由现在分词或过去分词转变而成的形容词。例如：sleeping在“She is sleeping.”中是动词，而在“a sleeping car”中是形容词。二、精读第一句，预测主题。首先要抓住文章首句，第一句话通常是没有空格的完整句子，往往是文章的主题句，或是含有主题词的句子，提供必要的理解文章大意和主要内容的线索。所以，学生可以根据第一句话来把握文章

5、或者段落的中心思想，最大限度地获取信息。以上海高考选词填空题第一段为例：If the package looks pretty, people will buy just about anything. So says an advertising executive in New York, and he has proved his point by selling boxes of rubbish for the price of an expensive bottle of wine. 第一句告知了文章的关键词“包装”。第二句揭示了文章的主旨大意：主人公是一位广告主管，事发地点在纽约，

6、事件是通过精心包装卖出垃圾可赚大钱。抓住文章的主旨大意有助于学生理解和把握整个文章的脉络，为接下来做题把准方向。三、确定空格词性，预设答案，筛选备用词。首先根据语法知识确定被填入此空的词性，不妨先预测自己心目中的答案，然后按标出的词性进行筛选，将备选的单词逐个代入空格中推敲句意。根据上下文逻辑关系，对语篇中缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证后作出正确的选择。1. 如何确定空格为名词。（1）空格前面出现冠词、形容词，空格内填名词。Douglass grew up to become the first black _45_ to hold a government office - as US min

7、ister and consul general （总领事） to Haiti. （08上海卷） 解析： 45空格前有定冠词+序数词+形容词，所以空格内应填入名词。备选名词有set，citizen，route，restoration。从全句意思来推测选citizen比较合适。Douelass长大后成为了第一个在政府任职的黑人公民。其他三个词: set装置，route路线，restoration修复都不合句意。（2）空格前面出现及物动词，空格内填名词作宾语。Mr. Gignac is considering more varieties of souvenirs. He maintains th

8、at he has signed _49_ with people interested in similar projects from as far as Berlin and London. 解析：49空格前是主语he+谓语动词has signed，所以空格内应填入名词作宾语。备选名词有contents内容，packaging包装，contracts合同。空格前谓语动词has signed解释为签订，全句意思为Gignac 先生在考虑开发更多种的纪念品。他宣称他已经与远在柏林和伦敦对此项目感兴趣的人们签订了合同。 我们由此推断能与signed搭配使用的名词只能是contracts，其余2

9、个名词都不与signed搭配。（3）空格后面出现动词，空格内填入名词作主语。Jacob Riis was among the first photojournalists. He took pictures of parts of New York City where the poor lived. Riis believed that _ caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point. 解析：主句Riis believed that后面宾语从句中缺失主语，由此判断空格内应填入名词。备选名词有design设计，cha

10、pter章节，force武力，poverty贫穷。空格后caused crime，什么能导致犯罪。根据上文提供的线索：Jacob Riis是最早的摄影记者之一。他在纽约市穷人区拍摄了一些照片。由此确定答案是poverty。Riis认为贫穷会引起犯罪为此他出示他拍摄的照片来证明他的观点。2. 确定空格为动词。 （1）空格前面已经有主语，后面又有宾语，空格处应为及物动词。Realizing that the concept appears to be a real money-maker, Mr. Gignac has _47_ a company and is employing his gir

11、lfriend as vice president. He _48_ to discuss his profit margins: “Its actually quite a lot of effort putting them togetherbut yet, garbage is free.” 解析：从47空格后词汇a company 来推测has 后面应该是个过去分词在主语Mr. Gignac 后面与助动词has一起构成现在完成时。备选词有declined下降、拒绝，registered注册，2选1。Declined a company明显不符合上下文，由此推测与company搭配使用的

12、词只能是registered。本句意思是当Mr. Gignac认识到这个想法可以赚钱时，他注册了一家公司还聘用他的女朋友为副总管。48空格前面是主语He，空格后面是to discuss，由此判断空格处应该是谓语动词。能充当谓语动词的词只剩下declined，填入此空符合句意。本句意思是他在婉言拒绝谈论他的利润时说：“尽管垃圾是免费的，但实际上废物利用也很费劲”。（2）空格前面有主语但后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词;A few weeks ago, the National Park Service （NPS） _42_. （08上海卷） 解析：42空格前“the National Park

13、 Service （NPS） 在句中充当作主语，空格后没有宾语，因此空格处应该填入不及物动词作谓语。备选词有honoured对表示敬意，set置放， granted同意给予。本句意思为，NPS重新开放他在CedarHill的故居以纪念Douglass的诞生和黑人历史月。因此，只有honoured符合句意。3. 确定空格为形容词。（1）空格前面或者后面是名词，空格内填形容词。Some _46_ customers include people who used to live in the city and want a down-to-earth souvenir. 解析：46题空格后名词cu

14、stomers在句中作主语，include 作谓语， 宾语是people，后面是who引导的定语从句。可以断定空格里填形容词。备选形容词有plastic和typical（分词已经用掉）。Plastic customers 塑料顾客不符合句意，唯一答案就是typical。也有形容词在空格后面，例如：There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among situations _ , al

15、though it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among situations wanted, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job. 解析：空格内答案是形容词vacant 空缺的，修饰空格前名词situations。补充语境: 现在分词作定语。The _ network of underwater sensors in t

16、he Pacific, site of 85 percent of all tsunamis, will be increased and expanded into the Atlantic and Caribbean. 答案是现在分词existing修饰空格后network。（2）空格前面出现副词，空格内填形容词。Since 1992, 17 major tsunamis have struck, 11 in the Pacific. Deaths were particularly _, a total of some 4,000 - until last year. 解析：空格内答案是

17、形容词low，作连系动词were的表语。（3）空格前面是连系动词，空格内填形容词作表语。When men are shut up together for a long period, they begin to feel _ . 解析：空格内答案是形容词uneasy，在连系动词feel后面作表语。当人们长期被关闭（在狭小空间里），会感到不自在。4. 确定空格为副词 （1）空格前面或者后面出现动词，空格内填副词。As a youth, he never went to school. Educating slaves was illegal in the South, so he _46_ta

18、ught himself to read and write. （08上海卷） 解析：46空格前he作主语，空格后taught是谓语动词，himself作宾语。由此推断空格处应该填入副词修饰taught。备选副词有secretly秘密地，briefly简要地。暗示点：上文提到在南方奴隶受教育是非法的。因而，他只能秘密自学，答案用secretly符合句意。（2）空格后面是分词或形容词，空格内填副词。Justin Gignac, 26, has sold almost 900 _41_ presented plastic boxes of rubbish from the street of th

19、e Big Apple at between $50 and $100 each. （09上海卷）解析：41题空格前是谓语has sold，空格后的过去分词presented 修饰宾语boxes 作定语，由此推断空格内要填副词修饰分词presented。备选副词carefully小心地和freely自由地。因为文章的主题是关于包装，所以选择carefully符合文章大意，他精心包装垃圾。 又如：Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are _ acceptable. 解析：空格内答案是副词ordinarily 修饰形容

20、词acceptable. 每个人都有大家所接受的行为和说话的习惯。5. 确定动词非谓语形式。 （1）动名词作宾语以及动词固定搭配。 例如：Mr Gignac denies _45_ his customers for fools: “They know what theyre getting. They appreciate the fact that theyre taking something nobody would want and finding beauty in it.” 解析：45空格前是谓语动词denies，空格后是名词customers。这里会出现2种推断。一种是空格处填

21、副词，意思为如何否认顾客，明显不符句意，后面的介词for也搭配不上。由此推断空格里应该是动词-ing形式作denies的宾语，customers后面是介词for，与空格处的动名词搭配成词组。备选的动词-ing形式有taking和packaging，taking for 是个常用词组意思是“把视作”。Gignac否认把他的顾客当做傻瓜。他说“顾客知道他们得到了什么，他们认为他们买到别人不要的东西是值得的并且从中找到了美得享受”。因此，选用动名词taking与后面句子的内在逻辑联系完全吻合，而packaging明显与上下文不符。（2）动名词（或名词）充当介词宾语。As you sneeze and

22、 cough, you scold yourself for not _ your warm coat yesterday. And you worry that your whole family will catch your cold too. 解析：空格答案是wearing， 动名词作介词for的宾语。当你打喷嚏和咳嗽时，你会责备自己昨天衣服穿少了还担心全家也传染感冒。 （3）现在分词作状语。Arabs were originally those who lived in Arabia （阿拉伯半岛）. But from the AD600s Arabian Arabs, inspir

23、ed by their new faith Islam, swept through Western Asia and North Africa, _ and settling a huge area. 解析：空格处前面主语是Arabian Arabs，谓语部分是swept through Western Asia and North Africa，答案用现在分词conquering和空格后面settling并列作状语。（4）空格前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形;另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。The army was given the job of keeping peac

24、e in this difficult Indian country of the western plains. Soldiers were sent out to build forts and roads. They tried to _ the wagon trains from Indian attacks. 解析：动词tried + to do 表示设法做某事，空格处答案填动词原形protect。It is, however, desirable that he should have a rough idea about the pronunciation of his sour

25、ce languages, even if this is restricted to_ how proper names and place names are pronounced. 解析：is restricted to 是固定词组解释为限制，to是介词，空格处答案填动名词knowing。四、重读全文，复查核定。做完题目后，要仔细检查答案。一般情况下，按照以上解题方法可以得出正确答案，大部分空格得以完成。有时会遇到个别词汇无从下手，可以在剩下的几个词汇里依靠语感尝试排除法。五、注重词汇，夯实基础，培养能力。要提高选词填空的正确率，除了上面介绍的方法技巧外，同学们在复习迎考中一定要积累并熟

26、练掌握高频词汇和常用词组搭配，注意一词多义并且能够在不同的语境中灵活运用，具备判断词性和分析句子结构的技能。根据自己的实际需要，侧重基础语法训练，例如时态，语态，形容词，副词和非谓语等。平时要进行一定数量的选词填空专题训练，找到解题的感觉，提高解题能力。Focused practiceComplete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. （1） Arecovery Bimages Cinstant Dblame EshockingFaccuracy Gconcentrate Hawarded Ifined JestimateThink you can walk, rive, take phone calls, email and listen to music at the same time? Well