1、考点透析反意疑问句考点透析“反意疑问句”句子按结构来分,可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句按不同交际功能可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四种。按提出问题的方式,疑问句可分为:一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句和反意疑问句。反意疑问句的结构形式:反意疑问句提出情况或看法,问对方同不同意,这种问句都由两部分组成,前一部分用陈述句的形式,后一部分是一个附着在前一部分上的简短问句,中间用逗号隔开,如前一部分为肯定形式,后一部分通常用否定形式,前一部分为否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式,两部分的时态要一致。如:You are to go home via Hongkong, arent you?你准
2、备经香港回国,对吧?(肯定的陈述句+否定的反意疑问句)They didnt raise many questions at the press conference, did they?他们在记者招待会上没提出很多问题,是吧?(否定的陈述句+肯定的反意疑问句)You wont be away for long, will you?你不会离开太久,是吧?(否定的陈述句+肯定的反意疑问句)You have already got our invitation, havent you?你们已收到了我们的请贴,是吧?(肯定的陈述句+否定的反意疑问句)反意疑问句的答语在回答反意疑问句时,应根据事实来回答
3、,如果事实是肯定的,前面要用yes,否则用no, 在第一部分为否定句时要特别注意,这时英语回答和汉语回答是不一致的。如:-You are not going out today, are you?-No, I am not.你今天不出去,是吗?是的,我今天不出去。(“不出去”属于否定的事实,所以在英语中应用“no”来表示此义,不要用 “yes”来回答。)-You are not going out today, are you?-Yes, I am.你今天不出去,是吗?不,我出去。(“出去”属于肯定的事实,所以在英语中应用“yes”来表示此义,不要用 “no”来回答。)-George wasn
4、t there that day, was he?-No, he wasnt.乔治那天不在那里,对吧?对,他不在。(“不在”属于否定的事实,所以在英语中应用“no”来表示此义,不要用 “yes”来回答。)-George wasnt there that day, was he?-Yes, he was.(“在”属于肯定的事实,所以在英语中应用“yes”来表示此义,不要用 “no”来回答。)一般来说这种反意疑问句及其回答中的肯定否定关系可以用下面这个公式表示:(表示肯定,表示否定)问句中:, 或,回答中:,或,构成反意疑问句时应注意的问题:当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone
5、, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时,反意疑问句部分中的主语常用they (有时也可用he.)如:Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?我出去的时候没人打电话,是吧?Everyone has been there, havent they?每个人都去过那里,是吗?Somebody borrowed my pen yesterday, didnt they?昨天有人借了我的钢笔,是吧?No one was hurt, was he?没人受伤,是吧? 当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything,
6、 nothing, something等表物的不定代词时,反意疑问部分的主语常用it.如: Everything has been done on how to prevent the pollution, hasnt it?关于如何预防污染已采取了一切措施,是吗?Nothing is wrong with the machine, is it?这台机器没出什么毛病,是吧?Nothing can stop us now, can it?任何事情都无法阻止我们,是吧? 当陈述部分的主语是one时,反意疑问部分的主语常用one或you。如:One cant be too careful, can
7、one/ you?一个人越认真越好,是吧?One should study hard, shouldnt one/ you?一个人应当认真学习,是吗? 当陈述部分的主语是man(人类)时,反意疑问部分的主语常用he。如:Man is the master of his own fate, isnt he?人类是自己命运的主宰,是吗? 当陈述部分是there be结构时, 反意疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。如:There is something wrong with the machine, is there?机器出了毛病了,是吗?There wont be any trouble, w
8、ill there?不会有任何麻烦,是吗?There used to be a shop, didnt there? 当陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问部分的动词应用肯定形式。如:She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?她很少去看电影,是吗?Few people know him, do they?没几个人认识他,是吗?Bob rarely got drunk, did he?鲍勃很少喝醉,是吗?He has never be
9、en to London, has he?他从没去过伦敦,是吗?They can hardly understand it, can they?他们几乎不能理解,是吗?You have nothing else to say, have you?你没有什么可说的了,是吧? 当陈述部分中含有im, in, dis, un等否定前缀或less等否定后缀时,应把陈述部分看成是肯定的,反意疑问部分要用否定式。如:He was unsuccessful, wasnt he?他没成功,是吗?This meeting is unimportant, isnt it?这次会议不重要,是吗?Your mothe
10、r dislikes seeing you with me, doesnt she?你母亲不喜欢看到你和我在一起,是吗?He is unfamiliar with this type of computer, isnt he?他不熟悉这种类型的计算机,是吗? 当陈述部分是Im 结构时,反意疑问部分常用arent I如:I am late, arent I?我迟到了,是吗?Im a boy, arent I?我是一个男孩,是吗? 当陈述部分是主从复合句时,反意疑问部分中的动词和主语代词通常应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。如:She says that I did it, doesnt she?她
11、说是我做的,是吗?He never said he would come, did he?他从没说过要来,是吗?When he goes there, he will go to see her, wont he?当他去那里时,他要去看她,是吗?If you dont start early, you will be late, wont you?如果你不早点出发就会迟到,是吗?He told you that he had watched the football match, didnt he?他告诉你已看过了这场足球赛,是吗?Peter believes that his dream w
12、ill come true some day, doesnt he?彼得相信有一天他的梦想会实现,是吗? 当陈述部分的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine等结构时,反意疑问部分往往与从句保持一致,而且要注意否定转移。如:I suppose that she is careful, isnt she?我认为她认真,是吗?I think he is a thief, isnt he?我认为他是一个小偷,是吗?I dont believe she has gone home, has she?我认为她没有回家,是吗?I dont think he c
13、an do it well, can he?我认为他做不好那件事,是吗?I dont believe you can finish the job, can you?我觉得你完不成这项工作,是吗?I dont guess he knows it, does he?我想他不知道这件事,是吗? 当陈述部分含有have,而且have作“有”解时,反意疑问部分用have/has或借助助动词do, does, did等来完成;如果陈述部分中的have是实义动词,则反意疑问部分应需借助助动词do, does, did等来完成。如:He hasnt a lot of time to spare, has he?他没有许多可以抽出的时间,是吗?He doesnt have an English dictionary, does he?他没有英语词典,是吗?They had milk and bread for breakfast, didnt they?他们早餐吃的面包喝的牛奶,是吗?You all had a good time, didnt you?你们都玩儿得很开心,是吗?Mike often has a cold, doesnt he?迈克经常感冒,是吗?当陈述部分的谓语动词包括have to, had to时,反意疑问部分
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