最新九年级仁爱科普版英语必备知识点文档格式.docx

1、28. succeed/be successful in doing sth. 成功做某事29. dream about doing sth. 梦想做某事30. see/hear sb. do/doing sth. 看见/听见某人做/正在做某事【重点语法】现在完成时一. 现在完成时的基本结构肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二. 现在完成时的用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现

2、在造成影响或后果。也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。I have already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片。与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语,如already（肯定句句中）, yet（否定句句句尾）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never 等。2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻,持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还

3、要继续住下去。）此种用法常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。谓语动词必须延续性动词。有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词:go out-be outfinish-be overopen-be opendie-be deadbuy-havefall ill-be illcome back-be backcatch a cold-have a coldTopic2 The population in developing countries isgrowing faster.1. get lost 迷路2. a couple of 一些,几个3. with the develo

4、pment of 随着.的发展4. with the help of. 在.的帮助下5. one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数其中之一/最.的其中之一6. each other 互相7. call/ring sb.up 给某人打电话8. at least 至少9. sth. happen to sb. 某人发生某事10. What happened to sb? 某人发生某事?11. take place 发生12. because of 因为,由于13. be strict with sb./in sth. 对某人/某事严格要求14. carry out 执行15. thousand

5、s/millions/hundreds of 成千上万/无数的/成百上千.16. two thousand/million/hundred 两千/百万/百（具体数字后面不加s）17. half of. 一半.18. two thirds 三分之二19. be short of 短缺.20. so far 到目前为止21. be known/famous for 因.而闻名22. be known/famous as 作为.而闻名23. thanks to 幸亏.24. have a long way to go 有很长的路要走25. a town called. 一个叫做.的镇26. fewe

6、r than/less than 少于27. places of interest 名胜古迹28. be interested in 对.感兴趣29. such as 例如.30. look/smell/sound/feel/taste+形容词看/闻/听/摸/尝起来.31. such a/an+形容词+sb./sth 如此.的人/物32. take sb. to sp 带某人去某地33. keep up with 赶上34. have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快35. have a population of. 有.的人口36. Whats the population of.

7、? .有多少人口?37. want to do sth. 想要做某事38. hate to do sth 讨厌做某事39. take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事40. have（no）chance/time to do sth. 有机会/时间做某事41. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事42. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事43. be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事44. work well in doing sth. 在.方面起到显著作用常用于现在完成时的时间状语:already, just , yet

8、, ever, never, recently.1. I have just called you.2. Have you ever been to France?No, Ive never been to any European countries.3. Have you seen him yet?Yes, I have seen him already.Topic3 The world has changed for the better.【重点短语】1. with the money 用这些钱2. so that 为了,以致于3. so.that. 如此.以致于.4. in fact/

9、as a matter of fact 事实上5. come for a visit 来参观6. in need 在困难时7. decide on sth. 决定某事8. provide sth. for sb./provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物9. feel good about. 对.有信心10 lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人11. borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物12. at the same time 与此同时13. talk on the phone 在电话中交谈14. take drugs

10、吸毒15. pay for 付款16. buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物17. at home and abroad 在国内外218. send sb. to sp. 送某人去某地19. send for sb. 派人去请某人20. aim to do sth. 目的是做某事21. decide（not）to do sth. 决定（不）做某事22. finish doing 结束做某事23. How do you like./What do you think of.? 你觉得.怎么样?24. sb.spend sth.in doing sth=It takes sb.st. t

11、o do sth. 某人花费.时间做某事25. sb.spend some money on sth.=sb.pay some money for sth. 某人花费.钱买某物26. so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语表示后者情况与前者一样（表肯定）neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语表示后者情况与前者一样（表否定）27. so +主语+/be/助动词/情态动词表示的确如此【重点语法】1. 现在完成时:常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在。e.g. You have been in New York for a long time. The c

12、ity has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago.2. 构词法:合成词: home +work= homework派生词: useuseful, happyunhappyUnit2 Saving the EarthTopic1 Population causes too many problems.1. chemical factory 化工厂2. pour into把排放到3. in a bad mood 处在不好的情绪中4. manage to do sth. 设法去做某事5. do harm t o / be harmful

13、 to对有害6. quite a few 相当多7. no better than 同.一样差8. in pubic 公开地9. all sorts of 各种各样的10.in many ways 在许多方面【重点句型】1. Look, there are several chemical factories pouringwaste water into the streams.看,有几家化工厂正往河里排放废水。2. Everything has changed.一切已发生了变化。3. How long have you been like this? 你像这样多长时间了?4. Im alw

14、ays in a bad mood because I cant standthe environment here.我的情绪总是很差因为我受不了这里的环境。5. However, not all people know that noise is also akind of pollution and is harm ful to humanshealth.然而,并非所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染,而且有害于人类健康。直接引语和间接引语1. Granny said, “Im feeling even worse.”Granny said that she was feeling even w

15、orse.2. “ Do you still want to live here, Granny?” thejournalist asked.The journalist asked Granny if she still wanted tolive there.3. “ How is the environment around this place?The journalist asked how the environment aroundthat place was.Topic2 All these problems are very serious.1. as a result 结果

16、2. here and there 到处3. in the beginning 一开始4. in danger 处于危险中5. cut down 砍倒6. change sth. into sth. 把变成7. prevent from 防止8. greenhouse effect 温室效应9. refer to 提到10. deal with 处理12. cut off 中断31. As we know, none of us likes pollution. 众所周知,没有人喜欢污染。2. Humans have come to realize the important of prote

17、cting animals. 人类逐渐意识到保护动物的重要性。3. Trees can also stop the wind blowing the earth away. 树木也能防风固土。4. Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants. 砍伐树木对人类、动植物都有害。5. Some things weve done are very good for earth while some are not good. 我们所做的,有些对地球很好,而有些不利。6. They can also prevent

18、the water from washing the earth away.它们也能阻止水土流失。7. When it rains or when the wind blows, the earth is taken away. 天一下雨或刮风,土就会被冲走或刮走。不定代词1. 定义: 指的是那些不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。2. 用法: 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。something , somebody, anything, anybody等作主语时,通常视为单数。当形容词修饰它们时,要放在其后。e.g. But the government has done someth

19、inguseful to protect the environment.Topic3 What kinds of things can we do to protectthe environment?1. not onlybut also不仅而且2. be supposed to 应该3. ought to 应该4. turn off 关掉5. instead of 代替6. on time 准时7. make sure 确保8. push forward向前推9. push down 向下10. pull up 向上拉1. For example, we should use both s

20、ides of paperand reuse plastic bags.例如,我们应该用纸的两面,并重新使用塑料袋。2. Everyone is supposed to do that.每个人都有义务那样做。3. First, you ought to turn off the lights when youleave a room.首先,你离开房间时应该随手关灯。4. Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。5. Well, actions speak louder than words. 嗯,百说不如一做。6. There will be a lot of har

21、d work to do tomorrow,so make sure you go to bed early tonight.明天有许多繁重的活要干,今晚一定要早睡。并列句:由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。结构为:简单句+并列连词+简单句常用的并列连词有:and, or, but, while, not onlybut also.e.g. 1. The river is dirty and the temperature of theearth is rising.2. They work well, but they are slow and cant runfor long.

22、Unit3 English Around the WorldTopic1 English is widely spoken throughout theworld.【重点词语】1. be able to=can 能够,会2. cant wait to do sth. 迫不急待地做某事3. have a （good） chance to do sth. 有（好）机会做某事4. practice doing sth. 练习做某事5. be made by 被制做be made of/from 由制成4be made in 在某地制造6. on business 出差7. be similar to

23、 和相似8. translateinto 把翻译成9. have no/some trouble （in） doing sth. 做某事没有/有些困难10. once in a while=sometimes/at times 偶尔,间或11. whenever=no matter when 无论何时12. as well as 以及13. mother tongue 母语14. take the leading position 处于领先地位15. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事16. call for/on sb to do sth 号召1. Disney

24、land is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world. 世界上数以百万的人们都喜欢迪斯尼乐园。2. I hope I can go there one day. 希望有一天我能去那儿。3. English is widely spoken around the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。4. It is also spoken as a second language in many countries. 在许多国家它也被用作第二语言。5. It is possible that you will have so

25、me trouble. 你可能会遇到一些麻烦。6. Its used as the first language by most people in America,Canada,Australia ,Great Britain andNew Zealand. 它被美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰的大多数人用作第一语言。7. And two thirds of the worlds scientists read English. 并且世界上三分之二的科学家用英语阅读。一般现在时的被动语态英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者,叫主动语态。如:We clean the cla

26、ssroom. 我们打扫教室。主语是动作的承受者,叫被动语态。The classroom is cleaned （by us）.教室被（我们）打扫。1. 被动语态的构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）其中by意为“被;由”,表动作的执行者。The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。be有人称、数和时态的变化,其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。English is widely spoken around the world. （肯定式）English is not widely spoken aroun

27、d the world. （否定式）-Is English widely spoken around the world? （疑问式）-Yes, it is., it isnt.2. 被动语态的用法:（1）在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。（2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时,用被动语态。Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。3.主、被动语态的转换:主动语态:主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+其它）被动语态:主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语（+其它）注意:（1）主动、被动互转时,时态不变。（2）主动句的主语是代词的主格形式,变成被动态by的宾语时,要用宾格形式。（1） People grow rice in the south.Rice is grown （by people