HOWTOBEAGOODGRADUATESTUDENT.docx

1、HOWTOBEAGOODGRADUATESTUDENTHOW-TO-BE-A-GOOD-GRADUATE-STUDENTLT123常会成为研究的项目甚至是学位论文的专题。我很惊讶，当我完成论文的时候，回过头来看我的日记，我的思维中出现了多么早的、类似的想法，以及它们是如何逐渐演变成一篇论文的。1Youll have to read a lot of technical papers to become familiar with any field,and to stay current once youve caught up.You may find yourself spending o

2、ver half of your time reading,especially at the beginning.This is normal.Its also normal to be overwhelmed by the amount of reading you think you“should”do.Try to remember that its impossible to read everything that might be relevant:instead,read selectively.When you first start reading up on a new

3、field,ask your advisor or a fellow student what the most useful journals and conference proceedings are in your field,and ask for a list of seminal or“classic”papers that you should definitely read.4要熟悉任何一个领域，你需要阅读很多专业类的论文，一旦熟悉了这一领域，你还要保持及时更新。你或许会察觉到，尤其是刚开始的时候，在阅读方面将花费超过一半的时间。这很常见，还有一个常见的想法是认为自己会被应该

4、阅读的书所淹没。你要记住，阅读每一个可能相关的材料是不可行的；相反，要有选择地进行阅读。当你首次涉足一个新领域时，咨询你的导师或者同学，在你选择的领域中哪些期刊杂志及研讨记录是最有用的。另外，索要一份必须要阅读的核心或者经典论文的清单。2Before bothering to read ANY paper,make sure its worth it.Scan the title,then the abstract,then-if you havent completely lost interest already-glance at the introduction and conclus

5、ions.(Of course,if your advisor tells you that this is an important paper,skip this preliminary step and jump right in!)Before you try to get all of the nitty-gritty details of the paper,skim the whole thing,and try to get a feel for the most important points.If it still seems worthwhile and relevan

6、t,go back and read the whole thing.Many people find it useful to take notes while they read.Even if you dont go back later and reread them,it helps to focus your attention and forces you to summarize as you read.And if you do need to refresh your memory later,rereading your notes is much easier and

7、faster than reading the whole paper.5在你尚未开始阅读任何论文之前，确定是否值得这样做。首先浏览标题，然后是摘要，如果你还没完全失去兴趣，那就浏览介绍和结论部分。（当然，如果你的导师告诉你这是一份很重要的论文可以跳过前几部，直接进行研读。）在你尽可能了解论文的细枝末节之前，通读全篇，尽量把握文章的重心。如果仍然感到有兴趣且与研究相关，回过头重新阅读。许多人感觉读书时做笔记很有帮助。即便你不回头重读，集中注意力迫使自己总结所读的内容也很有帮助。如果你后来的确需要重温记忆，复习你的笔记要远比重读全文更容易、更快捷。3Keep the papers you rea

8、d filed away so you can find them again later,and set up an online bibliography.I find it useful to add extra fields for keywords,the location of the paper(if you borrowed the reference from the library or a friend),and a short summary of particularly interesting papers.This bibliography will be use

9、ful for later reference,for writing your dissertation,and for sharing with other graduate students(and eventually,perhaps,advisees).6把读过的论文归档便于以后查找，建立一个网上参考书目。我发现附加关键词、文章的来源等信息十分有用（如果你从图书馆或朋友那里借阅资料），还可以为特别有兴趣的论文增加一个简短的摘要。这个参考书目将有助于以后查阅、撰写学位论文以及与其他研究生分享（也许最终会成为接受指导的人）。4At times,particularly in the“mi

10、ddle years”,it can be very hard to maintain a positive attitude and stay motivated.Many graduate students suffer from insecurity,anxiety,and even boredom.First of all,realize that these are normal feelings.Try to find a sympathetic ear-another graduate student,your advisor,or a friend outside of sch

11、ool.Next,try to identify why youre having trouble and identify concrete steps that you can take to improve the situation.To stay focused and motivated,it often helps to have organized activities to force you to manage your time and to do something every day.Setting up regular meetings with your advi

12、sor,attending seminars,or even extracurricular activities such as sports or music can help you to maintain a regular schedule.7有时候，尤其是研究生读到“一半”的时候，要保持积极的心态和充足的动力十分困难。许多研究生忍受不安全感、焦虑感甚至厌倦感。首先要意识到这些感觉都很正常。尽量找到一个愿意倾听的耳朵-其他研究生、你的导师、校外的一个朋友。接下来，尽力确定你的困难之所在并确定你可能采取的具体步骤以改善现状。保持明确的方向和充足的动力，参加一些有组织的、促进时间管理和每

13、天必做的活动会对你有帮助。和你的导师确立定期会谈的时间、参加研讨会甚至参加运动类或音乐类的课外活动，都可以帮助你保持正常的作息时间。5Be realistic about what you can accomplish,and try to concrete on giving yourself positive feedback for tasks you do complete,instead of negative feedback for those you dont.Setting daily,weekly,and monthly goals is a good idea,and w

14、orks even better if you use a“buddy system”where you and another student meet at regular intervals to review your progress.Try to find people to work with:doing research is much easier if you have someone to bounce ideas off of and to give you feedback.8对于你可能完成的目标抱着务实的态度,尽量把注意力集中在积极评价你已经完成的任务上，而不是消极

15、批评你未能完成的事情。设置每日、每周、每月的目标是一个好主意，如果你采取“伙伴制度”，工作的效果会更好。你可以和另一个研究生定期见面，一同审视工作的进度。尽量找到可以合作的人：如果你有畅所欲言的对象和给你提供反馈意见的人，做研究会容易得多。6Breaking down any project into smaller pieces is always a good tactic when things seem unmanageable.At the highest level,doing a masters project before diving into a Ph.D.disserta

16、tion is generally a good idea(and is mandatory at some schools).A masters gives you a chance to learn more about an area,do a smaller research project,and establish working relationships with your advisor and fellow students.9当事情看似无法掌控时，将任何项目拆分为更加细小的部分通常是一个很好的策略。从最高层面来说，在开始博士毕业论文之前，从事硕士项目通常是一个很好的想法（在有些学校是强制性的）。硕士的经历使你有机会更多地了解一个领域，从事小规模的研究项目，建立同导师和同学的工作关系。7The divide-and-conquer strategy works on a day-to-day level as well.Instead