初一上册英语语法复习Word文档格式.docx

1、专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称，并且专有名词的第一个字母要大写。eg, China, Sophy, Jerry, Chengdu, Wenjiang2. 名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词：有复数形式，eg, an orange two oranges; a book some books; an egg some eggs; a tree many trees不可数名词：一般没有复数形式，eg, bread, milk, broccoli 有些词既可以作可数名词又可以作不可数名词.eg, ice cream salad, chicken 3. 可数名词单

2、数变成复数的部分规则： 一般情况加 s . eg, bookbooks; rulerrulers; 以o结尾的词加s或-es. eg, photophotos; potatopotatoes; tomatotomatoes; mango-mangoes 以s，sh，ch，x等结尾的词加-es. eg, dressdresses; busbuses; watchwatches; boxboxes 以ce, se, ze, （d）ge等结尾的词加-s. eg, priceprices; orangeoranges; casecases; ageages; 以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i，再加-es

3、. eg, dictionarydictionaries; strawberry-strawberries 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的:如，manmen; womanwomen; policemanpolicemen; 表示名族的名词，有的在词尾加-s，如：an Americantwo Americans; 有的单复同形，如，a Chinesefive Chinese ;4. 名词的所有格 单数名词加s 如Mikes father Jerrys cat my uncles car my sisters book the teachers bike 以s结尾的复数名词加 如， the teac

4、hers bikes.冠词：是一种虚词，不能单独使用，分为不定冠词和定冠词。1. 不定冠词：a, an只用语可数名词单数前面,a用在以辅音开头的单词前，如a book, a pen, a ruler, a door an 用在以元音开头的单词前，an apple, an hour 指人或事物的某一种类。eg, Its an action movie. Its a book. 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。eg, Is there a bank near here?I found a small boy crying in the corner. 表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one

5、强烈。eg, I have a mouth, a nose, two eyes and two ears. 用于某些固定的词组中。a few, a little, a lot of2. 定冠词the，可用在可数名词的单数，复数和不可数名词前。 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。eg, Show me the photo of your family.The book on the desk is mine. 指双方都知道的人或事物。eg, How much are the red socks? Eight Yuan. 指上文提过的人或事物。eg, First, clean a tomato. Pu

6、t the tomato in a bag. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前。eg, The sun is bigger than the moon. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。eg, In the first photo, Im playing at school. The best radio shop is near our school. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。eg, the Great Wall, the Childrens Palace 用在姓氏的复数形式前。eg, the Greens ; the Taylors 用在乐器名称前。eg, Can you play the

7、guitar? 用在一些习惯用语中。eg, in the morning/ afternoon/ eveningon the right/ left all the samethe day after tomorrow; the day before yesterday;3. 特殊情况：单独使用名词而不用冠词（即零冠词） 在专有名词和不可数名词前。如，China, milk, Jackie Chan, 名词前已有作定语的this, that, my, your, some, any, each, every等代词。eg, This is my book. Who is that boy?Eve

8、ry/Each one has a bag. Some cats are over there. 复数名词表示一类人或事物时。eg, I like apples. She likes elephants. 在星期、月份、季节、节日前。eg, On Sunday, we visited friends. Its cold in winter. 在称呼语、头衔和职务等名称前。eg, I like my music teacher, Mr. Lee. 在一日三餐前。 eg, For lunch, I like hamburgers. 在球类运动的名称前。eg, Can you play chess?

9、 Do you play basketball? 用在某些固定词组中。at home/school; by bus/bike; go to school/bed;at breakfast/lunch/supper; at night/noon; after class/school.代词 人称代词人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he him they them 第三人称 she her they them 第三人称 it it they them 物主代词单数第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 my you

10、r his /her /its mine yours his/hers/its 我的 你的 他/她/它的 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称复数 our your their ours yours theirs 我们的 你们的 他/她/它们的 指示代词表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。this（these） ：一般指时间或空间上较近的事物 that （those）： 常用来指时间或空间上较远的事物。eg. Is this your pen? Is that your book? eg. These are my rulers. Those are my brothers.

11、. 数词 基数词1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen 20 twenty 21twenty-one 22 twenty-two 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80eighty 90 ninety 100 one hundred

12、101 one hundred and one 200 two hundred 序数词表示事物的顺序，往往与冠词the 连用。first 1st second 2nd third 3rd fourth 4th fifth 5th sixth 6th seventh 7th eighth 8th ninth 9th tenth 10th eleventh 11th twelfth 12th twentieth 20th twenty-first 21st thirtieth 30th fortieth 40th fiftieth 50th sixtieth 60th seventieth 70t

13、h eightieth 80th ninetieth 90th hundredth 100th one hundred and first 101st .动词:一般现在时，表示现在的状态；经常的或习惯性的动作；主语具备的性格和能力等。 动词Be（ is/ am/ are）肯定式 否定式 I am a student. I am not a student. You are a boy. You are not a boy. He/She/It is a cat. He/She/It is not a cat. We/You/They are pupils. We/You/They are no

14、t pupils. 疑问式和简略回答语Am I a student? Yes, you are. No, you are not. Are you a boy? Yes, I am. No, I am not. Is he/she/it a cat? Yes, he/she/it is. No, he /she/it is not. Are you pupils? Yes, we are. No, we are not. Are we dancers? Yes, we/you are. No, we/you are not. Are they teachers? Yes, they are.

15、No they are not. 在口语中经常使用的缩略形式肯定式 否定式 其他 I am= Im I am not= Im not that is = thats you are= youre you are not=youre not what is= whats he is = hes he is not= hes not who is = whos she is= shes she is not= shes not where is= wheres it is = its it is not= it isnt my name is =my names we are= were we a

16、re not= we arent they are=theyre they are not=they arent 动词 do.肯定式 否定式 I like oranges. I dont like oranges. You like apples. You dont like apples. He/She likes pears. He/She doesnt like pears. We/You/They like bears. We/You/They dont like bears. Do I like oranges? Yes, you do. No, you dont. Do you l

17、ike oranges? Yes, I do. No, I dont. Do we like oranges? Yes, we/you do. No, we/you dont. Do they like oranges? Yes, they do. No, they dont. 当主语是第三人称单数时，动词形式有下列几种变化 ：1、一般动词在词尾加-s.如：help-helps; like-likes; swim-swimseg, He likes apples. She likes bananas. Jerry likes pears. Miss Zhang likes watermelon

18、s.2.以字母s, x, ch, sh 结尾的动词加-es, 如果动词原形词尾有-e,则加s; 以o结尾的动词也加-es.如：teach-teaches; go-goeseg, He teaches in JinMa Middle School. She goes to work by bike. 3. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词，先变y 为i，再加-es，如：study-studies carry carrieseg, Li Lei studies in my school. She carries a big box. .介词用于名词或代词前，表示该词与句子其他成分的关系。介词后的名词或代

19、词称为介词宾语，介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。初中一年级的主要介词短语：1. 时间介词（ at, in, on）at on in 钟点at six oclock 某一天的某时段 一天中某段时间 用餐at lunch time on Saturday morning in the afternoon 节日at Christmas 周日 on Sunday in（during） the day 年龄 at the age of 20 日期on May 4th 月份 in April 时间 at this time 节日on New Years Day 季节 in spring 时刻 at sun

20、rise on weekends 一天中的某段时间 on vacation 时期 in the holidays at noon/ at night / at dawn 世纪 in the 19th century 其它表示时间的介词：before, aftereg, before breakfast/ class/ school, after breakfast/ class/ school2. 地点介词at：表示一个点或小地方。at home at Huaxing Clothes Store at school at New Park at the pool at the House of

21、 Dumpling on:表示一个表面。on Fifth Avenue on the beach on the table/ chair/ dresser on the floor/ wall in:表示一个范围或大地方。in Paris/ Beijing /China in Class Five in the water in the school magazine in the park/supermarket in the backpack/bookcase in school in the corner 注意：要正确使用介词，把握从什么角度看空间中的位置eg, They stand a

22、t the door . （站在门口那个点上） He s putting up a picture on the door. （ 贴在门那个面上） There is a hole in the door. （ 从立体的角度看门上的洞） 3. 其它地点介词：above 在上方 There is a map above the blackboard. under 在的下面 The watch is under the bed. before 在前面 Dad is standing before the mirror. in front of 在前面（某物外部的前面）The tree is in f

23、ront of our classroom. in the front of在前面（某物内部的前面）There are some chairs in the front of the room.behind 在的后面 The hotel is behind the post office.near 靠近；在附近 There is a big supermarket near you house.next to 在旁边；附近 The pay phone is next to the post office.beside 在旁边 The hotel is beside the library.in

24、side 在的里面 I cant eat inside the building.outside 在外边 We can eat outside the classroom.between 在之间 The pen is between the book and the pencil.across from 穿过；由一边到另一边 Our house is across from the store.through 穿过；通过 Take a walk through the park . down 沿着 Go down the road and turn left. at the back of 在

25、的后面 At the back of the school is a playground. in the corner of 在的角落 The cat is lying in the corner of the room. 4. 其它介词about 关于；对于 eg, The American girl wants to learn about Chinese history. Could you tell me about your life?from 从；自从 eg, He has a pen pal from China. What did you buy from the store

26、?with 与一起；附有eg, Next to the hotel is a small house with an interesting garden. She often goes to see Beijing Opera with her father. Can you help kids with swimming?of 的；属于的eg, Here is a photo of my family. date of birth to 向；到；对eg, What kind of movies do you like? Let me tell you the way to my house

27、. My English class is from 8:00 to 9:00. as 担任；象；当时 eg, We have a job for you as a waiter. As a boy, he often goes skating in winter. like 像eg, What does she look like? Whats the weather like?at 在；对着；以eg, Call Alan at 495-3535. We have sweaters at a very good priceonly 25yuan. for 对于；为了；给；以为代价；（表示时间持续）之久eg, For breakfast, he likes eggs, bananas, and apples. For boys, you can buy socks for only 5yuan each. After class, I play volleyball for two