1、若一个陈述句中含有ever或always,变为否定句时直接用never改写即可。4 get excited about 相当于be/become interested in对感到兴奋(有趣);5 end up终止,结束 相当于finish.up.后接动词要用-ing形式.We didnt like it first,but we ended up cheering.开始我们并不喜欢它,但最后我们却为之欢呼。为副词.up有“完,光”之意。类似的短语还有finish up,eat up, burn up.give up.还有朝上的意思。如look up ,stand up, get up, thi
2、nk up.6 speak, talk, say, tell这四个动词都与汉语中的“说”有关。由于这四个词都有多种词义,用法和搭配,因而它们之间有相似之处,也有一定的区别。Speak主要用作不及物动词,意思为“说话,讲话,演讲”。它着重指开口发声,而且着眼于个人的言语行为。它可于to , on , with, about, for , of , out, up等介词和副词搭配使用或构成动词短语。Speak也可用作及物动词,但只能接“某种语言”,如Chinese, English, French, languages等, Speak不能用于转述,不能接直接引语或间接引语,不能跟that引导的宾语
3、从句。Talk也主要作不及物动词用,意思是“谈话,讲话”,与speak的意义很接近。它可以指一个的言语行为,但着重指两个以上的人通过谈话交换意见,思想和信息,有较强的对答与讨论的意味。Talk本身也着重说话的动作,而不着重所说的话。Talk后接介词to或with引出交谈对象,后接介词of或about引出谈及的事情。Say主要用作及物动词,意思是“讲,说”,着重说的内容,可以用名词或从句作宾语,还常用于引出直接引语和间接引语。say to oneself自言自语,心里想。Say仅在少数情况下用作不及物动词。Tell主要用作及物动词,意思是“告诉”,除接the truth, a story, a
4、lie等少数词时为单个宾语外,一般接双宾语,其间接宾语通常为人,直接宾语既可以是名词短语也可以是从句,因此它可以接间接引语。Tell有时可以表示“嘱咐”或语气较轻的命令,其句型为tell sb(not)to do sth叫某人(别)做某事。Tell有时还有断定,识别,辨别的意思。7 by mistake, mistakefor,and no mistake, make no mistake: by mistake意思为“由疏忽,健忘等所致错”。如,I took his umbrella by mistake.;mistakefor表示“把错认为”如,She is often mistaken
5、for her twin sister.;and no mistake意思为“无疑地,的确”。如,It is hot and no mistake.今天的确很热。;make no mistake意思为“别弄错”。如Now make no mistake!现在别弄错了。8 complete, perfect: compete表示一个整体所需的各组成部分完整无缺,意思为“完全的;完整的;彻底的”。perfect强调完美的,十全十美的意义,常用来指对事物好坏程度的评价。9 impressive, impression: impressive adj.给人深刻印象的;难忘的。Impression n.
6、印象。10 Afraid的用法:be afraid of sth意思为“害怕某事或某物”;be afraid to do sth意思为“害怕做某事”;be afraid of doing sth意思为“惟恐”,指担心或担忧会引起某种后果;be afraid that 意思为“恐怕.”; 为某件已经发生或可能发生的事表示歉意或作出否定判断,相当于sorry。这种说法显得更文雅,谦逊。11 deal with, do with: deal with后面接名词或从句作宾语,也可用于被动语态中或用其不定式作定语。意思为“处理,解决”时,主语通常是人或事。意思为“与打交道,与做买卖”时,主语通常是人,公
7、司,商店等;do with为动词短语,后接名词或that从句作宾语。do with意思为“处理”时,常与what连用,以示询问处理的结果。do with意思为“想要”时,常与can 或could 连用。do with意思为“与有关”时,常与have to连用。deal in意思为“与做买卖”。12 decide , make up ones mind: decide指做出一定的选择,强调经过考虑或商议。make up ones mind意思为“打定主意”,与迟疑,动摇,困惑相对。13 as regards意思为“至于,关于”,一般位于句首,起介词的作用,后接名词,动词-ing或what 从句,
8、表示叙述的内容。14 aloud, loud与loudly的用法 三个词都与大声或响亮有关。aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。 She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有
9、令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。15with the help of sb. = with ones help 在某人的帮助下 如:with the help of LiLei = with LiLeis help 在李雷的帮助下。With the help of him(注意用宾格)=with his help 16instead 代替用在句末,副词(字面上常不译出来)instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替,而不是 用在句中,动词 如
10、:Last summer I went to Beijing. This year Im going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。He stayed at home instead of going swimming. 他呆在家里而不是去游泳。三句型。1.目标语言:by doing表方式How do you studying for a test?I study by listening to tapes.2Tooto,enough to: tooto结构中的动词不定式部分为否定
11、意义;而enough to结构意思为“足以能够”,是肯定意义,只有用于否定句中时,后面的不定式才是否定意义。二者在一定条件下可以相互转换。He is too young to dress himself.=He is not old enough to dress himself.他太小了而不能自己穿衣服。还可以sothat用替换此句。He is so young that he cant dress himself.3. 提建议的句子:What/ how about +doing sth.?如:What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do
12、 sth.? 如:Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. Lets go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.?Shall we/ I go shopping?四语法。1动词不定式:1)动词不定式的构成:to +动词原形;2)动词不定式的作用:作主语。此时由于主语太长,常常后置,而用it作形式主语;作宾语。常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有want, would like,begin, start,like, hope, wish, remember,
13、decide,plan等;作表语;作状语;作宾语补足语;作定语。作定语的动词不定式和所修饰的词之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系,所以不定式中的动词必须是及物动词。3)疑问词加动词不定式:a)构成:what, which, how , when, where等疑问代词或疑问副词,后面几个一个动词不定式或动词不定式短语。b)作用:按所作的句子成分来说,在句子中一般可以作主语,宾语和表语。如How to save the child is the most important to us. (作主语)I dont know what to do next.(作宾语)The problem is when t
14、o start.(作表语);“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以改写成由该疑问词引导的从句,从句所作的句子成分不变。如I dont know what to do.= I dont know what I should do.4)动词不定式的否定式是在动词不定式前加not.5)动词不定式省略to的情况:在使役动词和感官动词后面的不定式,要省略to.hear ,see,make,have等。但变成被动语态后由于原来的宾语提到前面做主语去了,就不能to省了。如I saw him come by bike.He was seen to come by bike. unit 2 I used to be a
15、fraid of the dark.一复习要点1目标语言:talk about what you used to be like2要求背诵:P143a, P16reading3背诵词汇表。4复习教材全部内容,复习所做过的练习,着重基础题目。二:词汇知识点1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事。否定形式:didnt use to do sth. 或 used not to do sth.如:He used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。 Did he use to play football? Yes, I did. No,
16、I didnt. He didnt use to smoke. 他过去不吸烟。注意与以下短语的区别 。1) be/get used to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事。2).be used for 被用来2 worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事worry 是动词. be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事worried 是形容词如:Dont worry about him. 不用担心他。Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。Worry是及物动词,意思为“使担心”,宾语为“担心的主体”;wo
17、rry about意思为“为担心”,宾语为“担心的客体”。3.miss 的用法.1)。动词 错过,未赶上。I was late because I missed the bus.我迟到是因为我没赶上车。My house is at the end of the road,and you cant miss it.我的房子就在路的尽头,你不会看不到的。2)动词 失去,与lose同意. I missed my pen yesterday.3).动词,想念,怀念。后面接动词用doing 形式。You dont know how much I miss you!你不知道我有多想你。I miss liv
18、ing in the country.我非常怀念乡村的生活。4).Miss (M大写) 小姐。用在未婚女子的姓或名前。5).missing 形容词。丢失的。5try to do , try doing: try to do 意思为“努力做某事”,表示努力或试图完成某个动作或达到某种目的,具有主观意愿,含无法完成之意;try doing sth意思为“试着做某事”,表示试验某种做法是否行得通,或者其效果如何。三句型1反意疑问句 11)肯定陈述句否定提问如:Lily is a student, isnt she? Lily will go to China, wont she?2)否定陈述句肯定提
19、问 She doesnt come from China, does she? You havent finished homework, have you? 3)提问部分用代词而不用名词 Lily is a student, isnt she? 4)陈述句中含有否定意义的词,如:few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等。其后用肯定式。He knows little English, does he?他一点也不懂英语,不是吗?They hardly understood
20、 it, did they?他们几乎不明白,不是吗?但注意:当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构。例如:It is unfair, isnt it? =It isnt fair,is it?这不公平,是吧?5).祈使句的反意疑问句。祈使句后一般加上will you或wont you构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表示“请求”,用wont you 多表示提醒对方注意。Look at the blackboard, will you/ wont you?看黑板,好吗?Let引导的祈使句有两种情况: a).Lets.,后的反意疑问句用shall we或
21、shant we。Lets go home, shall we/ shant we? 回家吧,好吗?还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。b)Let us/me.后的反意疑问句用will you或wont you。Let me have a try, will you/won 让我试一试,行吗?6).感叹句的反意疑问句。其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。What fine weather, isn 多好的天气啊,是吧?7). 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to,且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问句需用do的适当形式。He needs help, d
22、oesnt he?他需要帮助,是吗?8).陈述部分主、谓语是I am.时,反意疑问句用arent I 或aint I ,而不是am not I (可用am I not)。Im working now, aint I? 我在工作,是吗?9).陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。Something is wrong with my radio, isn 我的收音机出毛病了,是吧?10).陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, som
23、eone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。Everyone is here, arent they? 大家都到了,是吗?No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事,对吗?11).陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they。This is a plane, isn 这是一架飞机,是吗?These are grapes,aren 这些是葡萄,是吗?12).当陈述部分主语是从句、不
24、定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。What you need is more important, isnt it?你需要的东西更重要,是吧?13).当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose.)that. 结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致。I dont think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来,对吗?14).have(has)不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do, does, did。They had a meeting just now,didn 他们刚才开了个会,
25、是吗?15).陈述部分有have to 时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。You have to water the vegetables every day, don你每天都要浇菜,对吧?16).陈述部分有had better时,反意疑问句中要用hadnt。We had better go to school at once, hadn 我们现在最好马上去上学,好吗?17).当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义。如果must 作“一定;要;必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustnt或neednt;而当must作推测意义“一定是;必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must
26、后的动词原形选用相应的形式。He must work hard at physics, mustn 他必须努力学物理,是吧?Tom must be at home,isn 汤姆一定在家,是吧?当陈述部分must表示“必须”时,疑问部分用mustnt当陈述部分must表示“有必要”时,疑问部分用needn当must表示“一定”“想必”推测意义时,疑问部分不用must,而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构以及含义采用相应的动词形式You must be hungry,aren2.表示“花费”的句型:1)spend 动词,表示“花费金钱、时间” spendon sth. 在某事上花费(金钱、时间) spen
27、ddoing sth. 花费(金钱、时间)去做某事如:He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。2)Pay for /pay.for付款I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。3). take 动词有“花费”的意思常用的结构有:take sb. to do sth. 如:It takes me a day to read the book.take to do sth. 3 as + 形容词./副词as sb. could/can 尽某人的能力如: Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.二 复习要点talk about what you are allowed to do, agree and disagree2 要求背诵的是P20-3a,P22-3a,P24reading3 背诵词汇表。4 复习教材全部内容,复习所做过的练习,着重基础题目。1allow的用法“允许” allow sb. to do sth.
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