初中英语常用名词考点易错点.docx

1、初中英语常用名词考点易错点常用名词考点名词的难点在于名词可数名词与不可数名词的实际应用。不可数名词不能用数字计算，通常只有单数形式。有专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等，如：English,air,water,cotton,work可数名词是可以用数量计算的名词，有单数形式和复数形式两种。可数名词复数形式的构成规律是：1.一般情况加s,如：penpens, doctordoctors,boyboys,其读音规则是在清辅音后读s，在元音和浊辅音后读z。如:mapmap ， boyboys.2. 在以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词后面加es，如：busbuses,classclasses,其读音为iz。

2、3. 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s，其读音为iz。4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，要将y变为i再加es，读作z，如：factoryfactories,countrycountries, familyfamilies.但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如:boyboys,daydays。5. 以o结尾的名词的复数形式一般要加es，但如果o前面是元音字母或外来词，缩写词以o结尾的则只加s，如：tomatotomatoes,heroheroes;photophotos,radioradios,pianopianos6. 以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式要将f或fe变

3、为v再加es，如：knifeknives, leafleaves, 但有些例外的词如roof的复数形式是roofs。7. 不规则名词的复数形式是要单个记忆的，它没有规律可循，如:manmen,womanwomen, childchildren, footfeet,toothteeth, mousemice8. 单复同形的名词有：fish, sheep,deer9. 单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:people,police等。 名词还有格的变化，分为主语，宾格，所有格，所有格用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加s其复数形式是s，如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加s

4、，如：a students room, students rooms, Childrens Day.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家名词的所有格要用s，如：a twenty minutes walk.无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，如：the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers易错点：1.不要认为可以数的名词就是可数名词如：paper属于物质名词是不可数名词。而不可数名词要表达数量时，要用与之相关的量词来表达.注意：paper作为报纸、考卷、文章，文件讲时是可数名词.2.glasses眼镜，shoes鞋，trousers裤子等由两

5、部分组成的名词一般+谓（复）。一副眼镜a pair of glasses+谓（单）。3.以o结尾的名词+es表复数，o前面是一个元音字母或外来语+s如：zoo-zoos,piano-pianos，radio-radios4.名词前有指示代词this, that, these those,及其他修饰词our,some, every, which, 或所有格时，则不要再加冠词。5.可数名词前应用many, few, a few, a lot of 来修饰，people，police是可数名词，且是复数名词，6.不可数名词前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some来修饰

6、7.集合名词如果指某个集合的整体，为单数，指某个集合体中的个体则为复数。family ，class, team8.物质名词是不可数名词，在使用中不可以加s，即它没有复数形式。也不可加不定冠词。但如果用于特指某一物质时可以加定冠词。如：I dont like drinking coffee, but the coffee in that cup is really good.9.物质名词如要加计量时，一定要加量词，只有coffee可以用coffees来取代many cups of coffee.10.加s构成所有格的名词一般应指有生命的人或物，在英文中对时间、距离等名词的所有格多用s来构成而不用

7、of结构。11.注意英语中更多的名词是含有多种用法和多种含意的. room为可数名词时为“房间”做空间讲则不可数glass 玻璃glasses 眼镜stone 石料a stone 一块石头time 时间two times 两次wood 木头woods 树林12.名词除了在句中作主语、宾语、表语外，还可以用来修饰另一个名词，这时作修饰词的名词一般要用单数形式，如：shoe factory (鞋厂),post office(邮局),evening paper (晚报),night school (夜校),head master (校长),a law school (法律学院)。但也有例外，如:a

8、goods train(货车),sports meeting (运动会)。13.英语中有些名词单复同形，如：fish, deer, sheep, Chinese (中国人), means (方法)。one fish, two fish, one Chinese, two Chinese. There are five fishes in the pool.池中有五种鱼而不是五条鱼。14.英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如：thanks,而有些词单数形式与复数形式有不同的词意。如:clothes 为衣服，而cloth则是布， sand沙子，而sands是沙滩。15.英语中表示祝贺的词虽有单数形式，但

9、一般要用其复数形式。如握手为shake hands.16.英国人Englishman的复数形式为Englishmen，而German 则加s.17.在大写字母缩写形式的复数表达法中应加s，但字母是A、I时，以及在小写字母与数字的复数形式则要用s即As，Is，3s18.一般组合名词变为复数形式时只将词中心词变为复数如：half brother-half brothers(同父异母或同母异父的兄弟)daughter in law-daughters in law,(儿媳)boy student-boy students注意：man driver-men drivers woman doctor-w

10、omen doctors grown up-grown ups(成年人) 19.以s结尾但只能用作单数名词有：科学，学科名字：Physics. Mathematics politics， 游戏名称：bowls ，专有名称：Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布) ，其他名词：news(消息，新闻)20.people是复数名词，不可用作单数，如要用来讲一个人时应用a person, a man, a woman。同样的词有police.要讲一个警察时则要用a policeman, a policewoman。20.只用作复数形式的词trousers, pants, shorts(短裤)，soc

11、ks(袜子),shoes, gloves(手套).但如果只找其中的一个则要指明，还应用单数形式。21.英语中便士有两个复数形式pence用来表达一定数量的钱；而pennies是指一个个的硬币22.物质名词为不可数名词，表示种类时则可以用作可数名词如：fruit23.有生命名词的所有格，如果是单数名词则加s；如果是以s结尾的复数名词则只在s后面加；如果是复数名词但不是以s结尾，则只加s；如名词后有同位语时，则应加在同位语的词尾上如：It is my girl friend, Marys car；当两个名词并列时，如表示归两人共同所有，则在最后一个名词后面加s；如果表示分别所有则在两个名词后分别加

12、s.24.无生命名词的所有格用of结构。但是s形式的所有格可用于以下无生命的名词 1.表示时间的词：todays newspaper, a twenty minutes walk, an hours, rest 2.表示长度的词：three metres distance, a boats length， twenty miles journey 3. 表示重量的名词：two pounds weight 4.价格名词：two dollarsworth 5.拟人化的名词：Natures work, natures lesson(大自然的教训)6.国家、机关、团体、城市等机构性名词：the uni

13、versitys library25.习惯用法：He is an old friend of my fathers.26.一般动词加上er后则转意为执行该动作的执行者，如:teach(教)teacher(老师),think(想)thinker(思想家),drive(开车)driver(司机),sell(卖)seller(卖物者)但cook是动词“做饭”。而cook也可作为名词“厨师”讲，而cooker则为厨具。27.英文中用定冠词加上形容词表示一类人时+谓（复）如：the rich 富人，the poor(穷人),the wise 聪明人，但如果用定冠词加形容词来表示事物则要用作单数名词，Th

14、e beautiful is still here.美丽的风景依旧。28.谓语动词要和真正的主语一致。The stories of the book were written many years ago.29.one of意为“之一”，of后面的名词要用复数形式。30.uncle Wangs 意为“王叔叔家”，doctors意为“医院或私人诊所”。31.make friends 为习惯用法，即交朋友32.不可数名词，加了量词之后则要用many来修饰量词，因量词是可数名词，或可以说I want to tell you some good news.因some 即可用在可数名词前，也可用在不可数

15、名词前作形容词，如：I want to tell you some pieces of good news.33.由with引出的介词短语不是句子的主语，与连词and有区别34.不可数名词，代替它的词要用it而不能用them.35.many a 加可数名词单数，作主语时其谓语动词应用单数形式.其意为许多.36.英文中cloth,clothes,clothing是易混之词：cloth是物质名词，意为“布”，没有复数形式，而clothing是指衣物的总称，也没有复数形式。clothes是指衣服，但没有单数形式，如：This clothing is needed in warm countries.

16、 Her clothes are made of fine cloth.英文中的dress则指较正规的服装，如：a school dress 校服，an evening dress晚礼服。37.作为一种学科名词前不要用冠词，而作为某一特指学科则要加冠词，如：I like to study history. I like to study the history of America.38.定冠词加姓加s，则意为“某先生一家人”。应用复数谓语动词。39.road是指较宽阔的大道，意为“乡间公路”，street意为道路两边的建筑物较高，为街道之意，而way则多为要到达某地所要经过的途径，还可引深为

17、方式、方法。address则为“地址”。40.英文的表达法与中文时有不同，中文讲，快点，时间不多了，而英文要讲，快点，没时间了。Hurry up!There is little time left.41.用How many提问时，其名词要用复数形式42.就价格提问用how much.43.英文中姓在最后，其第一个名字是由父母所起的，中间的名字可能是父母、教父所起的，但都可称作given name,而姓是family name.44.any用于否定句与疑问句，但如果要表达说话者真心实意希望得到肯定答复时，问句中要用some而不用any. 纠错：1.Please give me a paper.2

18、.Please give me two letter papers.3.My glasses is broken4.I want to buy two shoes.5.May I borrow two radioes?6.This is a Marys dictionary.7.There are much people in the garden.8.I want a few water.9.Thank you very much. Your family is very kind to me.10.Toms and Marys family are waiting for us.11.Im

19、 sorry. I have to go. Toms families are waiting for me.12.Dont eat too much meats.13.Food in that restaurant is very good.14.Please give me two waters.15. Ill tell you a good news.16.Can you give me the newspaper of today?17.Please make a room for the lady in the school bus.18.There is a flowers gar

20、den behind my house.19.My mother bought two fishes for supper this morning.20.Mary expressed her thank to her boy friend.21.I offered my son my congratulation on his success.22.We have five German in this meeting.23.There are two As in this word.24.There are three 6s and two 3s in my telephone numbe

21、r.25.We have many woman teachers in our school.26.Physics are very difficult to learn.27.There is a people in the room.28.Where is my shoe?29.I paid five pennies for the sweet.30.There are many fruit in the shop.31.There is a new car. It is Jones and Marys.32.It is really beautiful. It is a work of

22、nature.33.He is an old friend of my father.34.My father is a good cooker.35.The young is dancing there.36.The stories of the book was written many years ago.37.This is one of the English Chinese dictionary.38.Lets go to uncle Wang for supper.39.I think we will make a friend with each other.40.I want

23、 to tell you much pieces of good news.41.The teacher with five students are coming here.42.There are a lot of information here, but we dont need them.43.Many a student make the same mistake in the exam.44.The children wear very good cloth to go to school today.45.I like to study the English.46.The B

24、rowns is going to visit China.选择：1. Lucy and Lilyin the same class. A. am B. is C. are D. be 2.Which is the to the bus stop， please?A road B way C street D address 3. Hurry up!There is time left.A little B a little C few D a few4. How many can you see in the picture?A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D t

25、he tomato 5. is the meat. Please?Ten yuan a kilo.A How much B How many C How old D How long6 The boys name is James Allen Green. So his given name is.A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green7. Shanghai is one of the biggestin our country.A city B citys C citys D cities8. Would you pleas

26、e pass me?A two paper B two papers C two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers9. September 10th is Day.A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachers10. I only have bread for lunch today.A a bit B a bit of C little D few11.“What would you like, Ann? ”“Id like two.”A glass of milk B glasses of milk C gl

27、ass of milks D glasses of milks12 .There isnt paper in the box. Will you go and get for me?A any, some B any, any C some, some D some, any 13 .June 1st is.A Childrens day B childrens DayC Childrens Day D childrens day 14 .These foreign friends are.A German B Germen C Germany D Germans15 All the students are busy, so of them will go to the cinema.A many B little C a few D few16 There are threeand sevenin the picture.A deers, sheeps B deers, sheep C deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps17 .Whose room is this? Its.A my B Kikes and JohnsC our D Kike and Johns 21.22.23.