1、例题二:They are from ( ).Theyre( ).A. Germany; Germans B. Germans; GermanyC. German: Germany D. Germany; Germen2.可数名词和不可数名词与不定冠词有关英语的名词根据其可数性可分为可数名词和不可数名词,其中的可数名词可以与不定冠词连用,而不可数名词则不可以与不定冠词连用;可数名词可以有复数形式,而不可数名词则没有复数形式。经常出现在考题中的这类不可数名词有advice(忠告), information(情报),news(新闻), fun(娱乐), behavior(行为), homework(
2、家庭作业),luck(运气), weather(天气), work(工作), harm(伤害), progress(进步),moonlight(月光),sunshine(阳光)等。例题:In yesterdays report, our headmaster gave us ( ) on how to protect ourselves.A. some advice B. an advice C. many advices 3.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,它的“量”的表示方式如下。(1)表不定数量时,一般用much,(a)little, a lot oflots of, some, any等词
3、修饰。(2)表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。twothree+量词复数十of+不可数名词。Eg .a bag Of rice, two glasses Of milk, four bottles Of water4.有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义有所不同。eg: fruit水果fruits表示不同种类的水果;food食物foods各种食品;fish鱼fishes鱼的种类;drink饮料、酒a drink一杯一份饮料、一杯酒; cloth布,a cloth桌布、抹布; sand沙sands沙滩; tea茶a tea一杯茶;chicken鸡肉a chicken小
4、鸡;orange橘汁an orange橘子; glass玻璃a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜; paper纸a paper试卷、论文;wood木头a wood小森林;room空间、余地a room房间5不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:(1)用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少,例如:The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottle Is there any water in the gla
5、ss?I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice(2)用a piece of 这类定语,例如:a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water(milk) a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如:two cups of tea four pieces of paper
6、 three glasses of water不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。第二课时 名词的所有格(1)有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,在词尾加s. eg. Mikes watch;Womens Day以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加。 eg. teachers office, students rooms两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有,只需在最后一个名词后加s.eg. Tom and Mikes room汤姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房)两个或两个以
7、上名词并列,表示分别所有,需在几个名词后都加s.eg. Marys and Jennys bikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车(表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车)在表示“店铺,某某家,诊所”的名词所有格后面,一般省去被修饰的名词。at his brothers at the doctors at the barkers at Mr reads 用所有格表示时间或距离的方法:ten minutes drive十分钟车程,a months holiday一个月的假期用所有格表示节日的方法:Teachers Day, Childrens Day.需要注意的是除了父亲节和母亲节其他节日我们都用名词复数的所有格表示,
8、因为爸爸妈妈每个人就只有一个所以不用复数,Mothers Day, Fathers Day(2)无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构eg. a map of China, the beginning of this game, door of the room(3)特殊形式可用s和of短语表示的名词所有格Eg .the boys name=the name Of the boy(男孩的名字)the dogs legs=the legs of the dog(狗的腿)Chinas population=the population Of China(中国的人口) Chinas capital=t
9、he capital of China(中国的首都)双重所有格eg. a friend of my mothers我妈妈的一个朋友a picture of Toms汤姆的一张图片第三课时名词作主语时的主谓一致以及固定搭配中名词的用法1. 名词作主语时的主谓一致(1).如主语是单数,后跟with,together with, as well as,like,but,except等引导的短语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式.Li Hua with me often goes to the cinema. The woman with two children is coming here.(2).复数形式
10、单数内容的名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式.The news is surprising. Maths is an important subject.(3). 单数形式复数内容的名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式.The police have caught the thief. The people there are very kind.(4).一些集体名词如family,class,team等作主语时,若强调整体, 谓语动词用单数形式, 若强调个体, 谓语动词用复数形式.His family is not a large one.他家不是个大家庭。Her family are watch
11、ing TV.他全家人在看电视。The team is playing very well.这个队打得很出色。The team are all famous players in our country.全体队员都是我国有名的运动员。(5).表示时间,金钱,距离的名词加s后,应视为一个整体,故谓语动词用单数形式.Two hours is enough for us to get there One hundred dollars is enough.Five kilometers is a long way for the childern.(6).复数名词shoes,trousers,gla
12、sses等由pair修饰时, 谓语动词的单复数形式要由pair决定.The pair of shoes looks nice. That two pairs of trousers are both too long.(7)由and连接两个或两个以上的名词作主语时,如表示整体概念, 谓语动词用单数形式. 若表示个体概念, 谓语动词用复数形式. My old friend and classmate has just come back from abroad.我的老校友刚从国外回来. The singer and dancer is to attend our English evening.
13、那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加我们的英语晚会.(8)“The number of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。“A number of +复数名词” 作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。(9)neithernor ;eitheror ; not onlybut also等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词要遵循就近原则。(10)of + 抽象名词 =形容词be of importance= be important2.固定搭配中名词的用法as busy as a bee 很忙 make face 做鬼脸have no choice but to do sth 不得不做某事make it a r
14、ule to do sth使做某事成为习惯第一课时 代词的概括和分类代词: 代换名词、形容词等词语的词1.人称代词顺口溜:人称代词有两类,一类主格一类宾;主格代词本领大,一切动作由它发;宾格代词不动脑,介动之后跟着跑。2.物主代词顺口溜:物主代词不示弱,带着白勺来捣乱;形容词性物主代,抓住名词不放松;最后只剩名词性,海阔天空任它走。一、人称代词的用法1. 人称代词的五种基本形式:人称单复数主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性反身代词第一单 数Imemyminemyself复 数weusouroursourselves第二youyouryoursyourselfyourselves第三hehimh
15、ishimselfsheherhersherselfititsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves2. 人称代词的基本用法:人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语。一般在句首,动词前。例如:John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中。在电话用语
16、中常用主格。When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。I wish to speak to Mary. This is she.我想和玛丽通话,我就是玛丽。人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语或表语,在动词或介词后。Do you know him?(作宾语) 你认识他吗? Who is knocking at the door?Its me. (作表语) 是谁在敲门?是我。单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它代表主语时也是如此。 I like English. Me too. 我喜欢英语。我也喜欢。注意:在动词be 或to b
17、e 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。I thought it was she.我以为是她。 (主格-主格) I thought it to be her. (宾格-宾格) I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。 They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。(宾格-宾格)人称代词并列时的排列顺序a.单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称第三人称第一人称即you and I he/she/it and I you, he/she/it and I顺口溜:第一人称最谦虚,但若错误责任担,第一人称学当先。It was I and John that
18、made her angry.b.复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称第二人称第三人称即we and you you and they we, you and they二、物主代词的用法1、 物主代词实际上是人称代词的所有格形式。根据其句法作用,物主代词可以分为形容词性和名词 性两种。形容词性物主代词一定要后接名词,不可单独使用(如:This is my book. 这是我的书)名词性物主代词可以独立使用,无需后接名词(如:This book is mine. 这本书是我的)。2、 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词Our teacher is coming to see us. Th
19、is is her pencil-box. My name is Jim. 形容词性物主代词 Excuse me, is this your car? His parents are in England. They wash their faces every day. May I use your pen? Yours works better. I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 名词性物主代词 The life I have is yours.三、反身代词的用法1. 反身代词的单复数形式如下表:单数复数第一人称myself我自
20、己ourselves我们自己第二人称yourself你自己yourselves你们自己第三人称himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己他们自己,她们自己,它们自己英语中用来表示我自己,你自己他自己我们自己你们自己等意义的代词称为反身代词。反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时,主要用于加强被修饰词的语气,可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。He called himself a writer.Would you please express yourself in English?作表语。It does
21、nt matterIll be myself soonThe girl in the news is myself作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人。例如 :I myself washed the clothes. =I washed the clothes myself.(作主语同位语)You should ask the teacher himself(作宾语同位语)用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态。ll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。Im not quite myself these day
22、s. 我近来身体不大舒服有些动词需要有反身代词:absent,bathe,amuse,blame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behave。We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩的很开心。 Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。四、指示代词1. 指示代词列表如下:this thatthese those2. 指示代词的用法 this/these近指 This is my pen. These are my books.指下文要提到的事 Please remem
23、ber this: No pains, no gains.that/those远指That is her bike.指前面刚刚提过的事 He was ill. That was why he didnt go to school. 3. 打电话时用this 介绍自己,用that询问对方。 This is Mike speaking. 我是迈克。 Who is that? 你是谁?五、疑问代词疑问代词主要用法例句who主语、表语、宾语(作宾语时在口语中不能放在介词后)Who wants to go with me?Who are you talking to?whomwho的宾格形式,作宾语Wh
24、om are you talking to? / To whom are you talking?whosewho的所有格形式,作主语、表语、宾语、定语Whose book is this?what/whowhat询问某人的职业-Whats your father?-He is a worker.who询问某人的身份、姓名-Who is the boy under the tree?-He is Li Ming.what/whichwhat指不定数目中的“哪一个,哪一些;什么”,没有一定的范围限定What would you like?which“哪一个”,在一定范围内特指的人或物Which
25、do you like, spring or summer? 考点要求1. 人称代词填空时的方法(步骤)-四步推断法确定应用形式 第一步:看其后是否有名词,如有则用形容词性物主代词,如无则考虑其余形式; Where does _ friend come from? A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours 注意:如其后的名词为双宾语中的间接宾语,名词前用宾格。 Mr. Smith teaches us English. 第二步:看其是否代换了名词词组,如是则用名词性物主代词,如不是则考虑其余三个; This isnt my pen. _ is in my pencil case. A. I B. Me C. My D. Mine 第三步:看其是否在动词前,如在动词前,则用主格,如在动词后,则考虑剩下的两个; Nancy is mach fatter than _ am. A. I B. me C. my D. mys 第四步:如在动词后,应考虑其是否同主语人称一致,如一致则用反身代词,如不一致则用宾格。 Nobody teaches _ English. She teaches _. A. her; her B. herself; herself C. her; h
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