1、producing in high efficiency or in large quantityaverageof an ordinary, common or usual knind in quality or amountproductivetapto take what is needed from, to exploitinfrastructurelarge-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communications,etc. needed to suppor
2、t economic activity,esp. industry, trade and commerce.recipienta person or an organization etc. that receives somethingconsumerismconsiderable desire to make purchase for consumptionPPPpurchasing power parityL3liberalizationof trade, the act of government in lifting controls over imports and exports
3、integrationcombing into a wholetarifftax levied by the customsbarrier to tradeany action by a government to limit or prevent the free flow of goods in and out of its countrymobilitycapacity that can move or be moved easily and quickly from place to placedetourroute that avoids a blocked road;deviati
4、onbanknoteprinted paper money issued by a bank, usu. The countrys central bankerodewear away, eat intoenvisagepicture (an event, action,etc) in the mind as a future possibility; imaginevetoright to reject or forbid somethingL4affiliatea subsidiary company controlled by anotherassetstotal resources o
5、f a business, as cash, accounts receivable, real estates etc.world companya multinaitonal whose national identity has been blurredfacilitiessomething designed, built or installed to serve a specific function or perform a particular servicerevenuethe total annual income of a statedecentralizedistribu
6、te the administrative powers over a less concentrated areanationalizeto bring under the control or ownership of a nationwelfarewell-beingframeworkorganiztion structureinputsomething that is put in business operationL5servicesomething done to help or benefit othersabundantplentiful, more than enoughs
7、pecializationto restrict ones economic activites to certain particular fieldsprimary commoditiesthose commodities not processed, or only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw materialsincentivethat which incites, rouses or encourages a personalternativethat may be had, used etc. in place o
8、th sth. elseintuitiverelating to the power of the immediate understanding of something without reasoning or studyefficientproducing a desired or satisfactory result; able to perform duties wellendowmenta natural gift or abilityexploitL6drawbackduties paid on imported goods that are refunded when ree
9、xportedhighlighttaking a lot of space, and often of a shape difficult to handlebulkyto make prominent; to draw special attentionperishableeasily to go badduties levied on the basis of quantity, weight,size etc. Of the goodsspecific dutiesduties imposed on goods imported and exportedad valorem duties
10、duties levied on the basis of the price of the goodsunilaterallydone by one side or party onlymaritimeconnected with the sea or navigationremittancemoney sent by postL7law suitlegal prosecutiondisputeargument or controversyremedymethod of putting right something that is wrongamendmentchanges made to
11、 somethingincotermsa set of international rules for the interpretation of trade termspresentsubmitpremisesa tract of land including its buildingheadingcategoryclassificationthe arrangement of things by groupscarriagethe price or cost of transportationL8business linegoods dealt in by a companyvolunta
12、ry offeran offer made on the initiative of the offerercontractan agreement setting forth the binding obligations of the relevant partiesindispensableabsolutely necessarycontract properthe main body of a contractcontracting partiessignatories of an agreementforce majeuresocial or natural calamities t
13、hat take place beyond the control of a contracting partypurchase contracta contract made by the buyerfirm offeran offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offereroffereethe party to whom an offer is madeL9popularliked and amiredhyperinflationsoaring of prices beyond controlinflationrise i
14、n prices brought about by the excess demand, expansion of money supply, credit etc.protectionismthe theory of the system of developing home industries through duties and other means imposed on competitive importsbilateralof two sidesbundlingthe exchanges of goods or services are tied togetherexpert
15、skill or knowledgecreditorsa person to whom one owns moneytransferablepossible to be handed oververified dataauthentic materialsL10debtora person to whom a draft is drawndefaultfail to carry out an obligationdubiousdoubtful, uncertain, questionabledraftan unconditional order to someone to pay a sum
16、of moneythe sending of money or the money sentfluctuationirregular movement of (prices, exchange rate etc.)drawerthe person who issues a draft, usually the exportersoundfinancially satisfactorybanprohibit, forbiddraweethe person to whom a draft is drawnL11credit-worthinessbeing believed or accepted
17、by others as reliable in making paymentsubstantiallarge; great; considerableconstitutemake up; amount to; formapplicant of an L/Cthe importer that goes to a bank for the establishment of an L/Cbeneficiarythe company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export.discrepancydifference; absenc
18、e of agreementconfirming bankthe bank that adds its own commitment to an L/Cbill of exchangewritten order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of paymentunderlyingforming the basis ofreimbursepay back to somebody for the expenses he has spentL12clean credita credit that does not requ
19、ire shipping documents for paymentcancelnot to do something that has been aranged or decided uponleading bankmajor bank, most important bankimpeccablefaultlessinsolventunable to pay debtssight credita credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draftmaturitybecoming dueafter sightaf
20、ter presentation of draftmiddlemantrader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumersustainsufferL13documentationthe preparationand use of shipping documentsconsigneethe party in the bill of lading to whom the goods are shippedshipping markswhat is printed on the outer packing of g
21、oods as symbol for identification in the course of transpoetationabsence of agreementliabilitywhat one is responsible for according to lawapparentaccording to appearance; seeminginsurance policya document used for covering possible risksdiscountamount of money that may be taken off the full amountti
22、tleright to the possession of a position or propertyinvoicea document for the general description of the goods and the priceL14a choice from two or more posibilitiesmodescombination of related parts or elements accepted or rejected as a single unitfundamentalvery importantownershiplegal right of possessionintermediate produ
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