英语语法大全名词Word下载.docx

1、构成方法读音例词一般情况加 -s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读 /z/bag-bags /car-cars以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加 -es读 /iz/bus-buses/ watch-watches以ce, se, ze,等结尾license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾变y 为i再加es读 /z/baby-babies1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化 1） 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如： two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays2） 以o 结尾的名词

2、，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero-zeros / zeroes。 3） 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half-halves knife-knivesleaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives th

3、ief-thieves；c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。1.3 名词复数的不规则变化 1） child-children foot-feet tooth-teethmouse-mice man-men woman-women 注意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。2） 单复同形，如dee

4、r，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，

5、the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4） 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b. news 为不可数名词。c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸

6、，杂志名，也可视为单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。5） 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）;suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。6） 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。 1.4 不可数名词量的表示 1）物质名词a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时

7、为可数。比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。 （不可数）These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。 （可数）b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。This factory produces steel.（不可数）We need various steels.（可数）c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。2） 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizatio

8、ns四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一则建议。5. 定语名词的复数名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1） 用复数作定语。sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系2） man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 men workerswomen teachersgentlemen off

9、icials3） 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。 goods train （货车） arms produce武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷4） 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划1.6 不同国籍人的单复数 国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Sw

10、iss澳大利亚人the Australians an Australiantwo Australians俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indi

11、ans加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes 1.7 名词的格 英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teachers book。名词所有格的规则如下：1） 单数名词词尾加，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加，如the boys bag 男孩的书包，mens room 男厕所。2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s

12、 ，只加 ，如：the workers struggle工人的斗争。3） 凡不能加的名词，都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barbers 理发店。5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有。Johns and Marys rooms（两间）John and Marys room（一间）6） 复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。a month or twos absence1.8 练习1.H

13、e was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_. a little wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to _ during the war.a. an ash b. the ash c. ash d. ashes3.The students at colleges or universities are making _ for th

14、e coming New Year.a. many preparations b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation4.Painting in _ is one of their spare-time activities.a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasnt _ oil here.a. much b. lots of c. a great deal of d. many6.The large hous

15、es are being painted, but _.a. of great expense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense7.The room was small and contained far too _.a.much new furniture c. much new furnituresb.many new furniture d. many new furnitures8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that

16、 he forgot both of the _.a. rooms number b. room number c. rooms numbers d. room numbers9.Computers can do _ work in a short time, but a man can not do _ by himself.a great manymany c. mucha great dealb. a great deal ofmuch d. manya great many10.She didnt know _ he had been given.a. how many informa

17、tion c. how many informationsb. the number of information d. how much information11.He invited all of his _ to join his wedding party.a. comrade-in-arms c. comrades-in-armb. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm12.All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month.a. women doctors c. woman doctorsb. women

18、 doctor d. woman doctor13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_.a. growns-ups c. growns-upb. grown-up d. grown-ups14.The police investigated those _ about the accident.a. stander-by c. standers-byb. stander-bys d. standers-bys15.The Nazi kept those _ in their concentration camp.a.prisoner-of

19、-wars c. prisoners-of-warb.prisoners-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war16.The manager was greatly appreciate that _ made by Linda lately.a. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels17.Marys dress is similar in appearance to her _.a. elder sister b. elder sisters c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dres

20、s18.All the people at the conference are _.a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacherb.mathematics teachers d. mathematics teachers19.Professor Mackay told us that _ of lead are its softness and its resistance.a. some property c. propertiesb. some properties d. property20.Physics _ with matter an

21、d motion.a. deal b. deals c. dealing d. are21.He has written several books, but his last works _ well known among his friends.a. have b. have been c. is d. are 22.After he checked up my _ heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few days.a. father-in-laws c. fathers-in-lawb. father-in-law d. fath

22、ers-in-laws23.He told me _ would come to his birthday party.a. many Jack friends c. many Jacks friendb. Jacks many friends d. many friends of Jacks24.I had my hair cut at the _ around the corner.a.barber b. barbers c. barbers d. barbers25.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at _.a. Peter and H

23、elens c. Peter and Helenb. Peter and Helens d. Peters and Helens26._ receives only a small portion of the total amount of the suns energy.a. The earths surface c. The surface of earthb. The surface earth d. The earth surface27.Numerous materials are available to _.a. today of designers c. todays of

24、designersb. todays designers d. today designers28.Why did you speak to Peter that way? Dont you know he is an old friend of _?a. my brother b. my brothers c. my brothers d. my brothers friend29._ is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything you want to know.a. This Johns old friend c. Thats Jahn

25、s old friendb. This old friend of John d. This old friend of Johns30._ is too much for a little boy to carry.a.A bikes weight c. The weight of a bikeb.The weights of a bike d. Biles weight31.Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday.a. little b. much c. a large number of d.

26、a large amount of32.When they got to the lecture-room, there were _ left.a. only few seats b. a very few seats c. only a few seats d. so a few seats33._ travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope.a. A little mail b. A piece of mail c. A mail d. A small mail34.The Department purcha

27、sed _ to improve the working conditions there.a. a new equipment c. new equipments b. a new piece of equipment d. new pieces of equipments35.The boy tried hard but there has been _ in his work.a. little improvement c. many improvementsb. a little improvement d. few improvements36.Todays modern TV ca

28、meras require _ light as compared with the earlier models.a. only a few b. only few c. only a little d. only little37.No country can afford to neglect _.a. an education b. educations c. education d. the education38.Please write the answers to the questions at the end of _.a. eighth chapter b. chapter eight c. eight chapter d. chapter the eight39._ is only surpassed by that of monkeys and apes. a. The intell