第1章词类概况Word下载.docx

1、（动词）Her room is very clean.她的房间非常干净。（形容词）Open the door,please.请把门打开。The door is open now.门现在是开着的。Empty the glass!干杯!The city was empty.那座城市空无一人。2.动词与名词的相互转化They talk about their journey happily.他们兴高采烈地谈论他们的旅程。Mr. Li wants to have a talk with you.李老师想要与你交谈一下。（名词）It often snows heavily at this time of

2、 every year.年年这个时候经常下大雪。The ground was covered with snow.大地被白雪覆盖。Did they test your car yesterday?他们昨天检测你的车了吗?She didnt pass the test for driving licence.她没有通过驾照考试。一些动词转化为名词时，经常与 take 或 have 连用而意思不变。She will try her best to finish running five thousand meters.她将会尽力跑完五千米。Will you have a try ?你想要试一下吗?

3、Do you like to swim in winter?你喜欢冬泳吗?I seldom have a swim in winter.冬天我很少游泳。Dont call me after ten at night.晚上超过10点别给我打电话。Her mother enjoyed making calls at night.她妈妈喜欢晚上打电话。3.名词与形容词的相互转化Who is the girl in yellow by the door?门口那个穿黄色衣服的女孩是谁?The yellow bike outside the door is mine.门外边的那辆黄色的自行车是我的。Wil

4、l they have another round of diplomatic talks next month?他们下个月要进行另一轮外交谈判吗?The earth is round.地球是圆的。Can you see the big square of grass in the cent re of the city?你能看见市中心的那一大块正方形的草地吗?In writing, we should first ask the children to make characters square and upright.在书写方面，我们应该首先要求孩子们把字写得方方正正。4.名词与副词的相

5、互转化There is a big blackboard at the back of the classroom.教室的后面有一块大黑板。When will you come back?你什么时候回来?（副词）The post office is just on the right.邮局就在右边。Turn right, you will find the hospital.往右拐，你就看见医院了。The school is not far from my home.学校离我家不远。Her father always goes to work early and comes home late

6、.她的父亲总是早出晚归的。5.副词与形容词的相互转化Why does his father often come home late?他的父亲为什么经常很晚才回家?He is often late for school.他上学总迟到。The room is big enough to hold at least twenty people.这间屋子大得至少可以容下20个人。Do you have enough time to finish all these exercises?你有足够的时间去完成所有这些习题吗?The little girl swims very well.这个小姑娘游泳非

7、常好。I am very well today.我今天很好。6.副词与介词的相互转化He will fall behind in his English study if he doesnt work harder.他如果不再努一把力，他的英语就落下了。She was sitting just behind me.她那时就坐在我的后面。（介词）The car passed by with sharp noise.那辆车带着刺耳的声音开了过去。I looked round and saw her sitting by the window.我环视四周，看见她正在窗户边坐着。The teacher

8、 told him to go on with the next paragraph.老师让他继续读下一段课文。On the top of the monument, there is a statue of seagulls.在纪念碑的顶部，有一座海鸥雕像。三、英语词汇中的合成词和派生词1.合成词将两个或者两个以上的词组合在一起而形成的新的词，叫作合成词。（1）合成词常见的构成方式直接组合成为一个词play+groundplayground 操场post+cardpostcard 明信片rail+wayrailway 铁路police+manpoliceman 警察air+portairpo

9、rt 机场basket+ballbasketball 篮球home+workhomework 作业black+boardblackboard 黑板中间用连字符号连在一起，组成合成词bus+stopbus-stop 汽车站man+mademan-made 人造的four+year+oldfour-year-old 四岁大的two+meter+talltwo-meter-tall 二米高的200+kilometer+long200-kilometer-long 200公里长的snow+coveredsnow-covered 白雪覆盖的sister+in+lawsister-in-law 嫂子上述带

10、有连字符号的词不能随意组合确定，而必须以词典为标准。一些合成词不用连字符号而是分开来写：waiting room 候诊室ice cream 冰淇淋birthday party 生日晚会sports shoes 运动鞋space science 宇宙学space platform 空间站spare part 配件future life 未来生活（2）含有数字的复合型形容词基数词+可数名词（单数）+形容词：a four-year-old daughter 一个四岁的女儿a two-meter tall man 一个身高两米的人a 200-kilometer-long free way 一条长200

11、公里的高速公路a ten-foot-deep swimming pool 一个十英尺深的游泳池a 5,000-year-old history 一个五千年文化的历史a two-year-long imprisonment 一个两年的刑期基数词+名词所有格three weeks journey（=a three-week journey）三个星期的行程twenty hours flight（=a twenty-hour flight）二十个小时的航程three hours ride（=a three-hour ride）三个小时的车程half an hours walk（=a 30-minute

12、 walk）半个小时的步行seven days holiday（=a seven-day holiday）七天的假期twenty minutes break（=a 20-minute break）二十分钟的休息2.派生词在一个词的前面或者后面加上前缀或后缀构成的新的词，叫 派生词。提示：在词的前面加上前缀多改变词义；在词的后面加上后缀常改变词性。（1）经常使用的前缀a：表示状态。alike 相同的；awake 醒着的；alive 活着的；asleep 睡着的；ashamed 羞耻的。dis：表示否定，“不”。dislike 不喜欢；disappear 消失；disobey 不服从；disagr

13、ee 意见不合，不一致。mis：表示“搞错”，“错”，“误”。mistake 错误；misunderstand 误解；misfortune 不幸。re：表示“再次”，“重新”。review 复习；retell 复述；rebuild 重建；return 归还；repeat 重说 重做。tele：表示“远距离”。telephone 电话；television 电视；telegram 电报；telescope 望远镜。un：unfair 不公平的；unimportant 不重要的；unknown 未知的，无名的；unfit 不适宜的，不胜任的。sub：表示“下面”，“底下”。subway 地铁；su

14、bsoil 下层土；subject 臣民；subside 平息，坐下。表示（地位或级别等）“低，副”。subtitle 副标题，小标题；suburbs 郊区；subsonic 亚音速的；subnormal 低于正常的。im：impolite不礼貌的；impass死路，僵局；impassive无动于衷的，冷淡的；impatient不耐烦的，急躁的。in：表示否定，“不，无”。inactive 不活跃的；inanimate 无精打采的；inexpensive,不贵的；inconvenient 不方便的。for：表示“禁止，放弃”。forget 忘记；forgive 原谅；forbid 禁止；for

15、sake 抛弃。super：表示“超级的”。supermarket 超市；superman 超人；superpower 超级大国；supersonic 超音速的。inter：表示“相互”，“在之中”。interactive 相互影响的 ；interview 接见，会谈；interchange 交换，立交桥；intersection 立交桥。kilo：表示“千”。kilogram 公斤；kilometer 公里；kilowatt 千瓦 ；kilovolt 千伏。（2）经常使用的后缀构成名词的后缀er或or：teacher 老师；worker 工人；player 运动员；writer 作者；doc

16、tor 医生。man：policeman 警察；postman 投递员；Frenchman 法国人。ess：waitress 女招待；actress 女演员；hostess 女主人；largess 慷慨 ，大度。ese：Chinese 中国人；Japanese 日本人；Vietnamese 越南人。an：American 美国人；European 欧洲人；Canadian 加拿大人。ian：musician 音乐家；politician 政治家；technician 技术员，技师。ist：communist *员；violinist 小提琴家；artist艺术家；physicist物理学家。d

17、om：freedom 自由；kingdom 王国；wisdom 智慧；officialdom 官员，官场。ness：happiness 高兴；sadness 悲伤；kindness 善良；usefulness 用途 。ing：shopping 购物；skating 滑冰；painting 绘画；swimming 游泳。th：warmth 热情；health 健康；depth 深度；growth生气。hood：childhood 童年；neighbourhood 四邻，聚居区；falsehood 谬误，谎言。likelihood可能性。ship：friendship 友谊；hardship 艰苦

18、；membership 成员资格；会员。tion：invention 发明；attention 注意；revolution 革命。ty：safety 安全；honesty 诚实；difficulty 困难；activity 活动。构成形容词的后缀able：capable 有能力的；miserable 悲惨的；enjoyable 使人喜欢的。al：national 国家的；comical 好笑的；physical 体力的。ern：southern 南方的；northern 北方的；eastern 东方的；western 西方的；modern现代的。ful：beautiful 美丽的；helpfu

19、l 乐于助人的；wonderful 奇妙的；successful 成功的。less：careless 粗心的；hopeless 无希望的；useless 无用的；helpless 无助的，aimless无目标的。ly：friendly 友好的；lovely 可爱的；monthly 每月的。en：wooden 木制的；woollen 羊毛制的；golden 金色的。ive：active 积极的；impressive 感人的；passive 被动的；decisive 决定性的；exclusive 除外的。ous：dangerous 危险的；anxious 焦急的；poisonous 有毒的。y：s

20、unny 晴朗的；windy 刮风的；cloudy 多云的；阴的；rainy 下雨的。构成副词的后缀：quickly 很快地； quietly 安静地； slowly 慢慢地； carefully 仔细地 。构成数词的后缀：teen：fifteen 十五； sixteen 十六； nineteen 十九； thirteen 十三。twenty 二十； forty 四十； eighty 八十； ninety 九十。forth 第四； fifth 第五； eighth 第八； twelfth 第十二； twentieth 第二十。构成动词的后缀：shorten 使变短； sharpen 使变锋利，

21、变尖； sadden 使悲痛 ； strenthen加强。ate：dictate 听写； translate 翻译； calculate 计算； congratutation 祝贺。ize：modernize 使现代化； apologize 道歉； hospitalize 把送入医院治疗； organize组织。即学即用是检验你实力的时候了。一、选择适当词填1.rain; rainyIts a _ day. Do you still want to swim?2.near; nearlyShe _ missed the train this morning.3.real; reallyIs t

22、his article about a _ person in England?4.please; pleasedHer three-year-old daughter can dress herself now and the mother is very _.5.good; wellAre you sure the dish tastes _.6.sleep; asleepWhen someone knocked at the door, the baby was just falling _.7.careful; carefullyOn each Saturday morning she

23、 cleans the furniture very _.8.play; playerIs she the best _ in the diveing team?9.nine; ninthWhich month of the year is September?The _.10.use; usefulMore and more people find it very _ to learn English in their daily life.LiLei works hard on his lesson and this is very _ to her study.11.easy; easi

24、lyDo you think this exercise is _ to do?12.he; himselfLittle Tom built a science lab _.二、用所给词适当形式填空1、 He walked more _ than Tom.（slow）2、 I spend a lot _ time on English than before.（much）3、 It was _ last Sunday.（rain）4、 I think the shop is _ at this time of day.（close）5、 It often snows _ in winter.（

25、heavy）6、 There are many _ in Beijing.（forgeign）7、 Help _ to some fish,Tom（you）8、 This lesson is _ than anyone we have read before.s _ one I have read.（difficult）.9、 The _ month is May.（five）10、How many _ are there in a football team.（play）KEY：一、选择适当词填空1. rainy2.nearly3.real4.pleased5.good6.asleep7.carefully8.player9.ninth10.useful2. 11.easy 12.himself 1. slowly2. more3. rainy4. closed5. heavily6. foreigners7. yourself8. more difficult,the most difficult9. fifth10.player