状语从句Word格式.docx

1、As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。4wheneverwhenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。You are always welcome whenever you come.无论你何时来都欢迎。Bbefore, after1beforeHe ran off before I could stop him.我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。Thke it down berore you forget it.趁着还没忘记的时候就记录下来。必背：before 常

2、用句型 It is/was/ will be before It wil be five years before we meet again.五年以后我们才能再见。It will be not long before you regret what you have done.不用过多久你就会对你所作所为感到后悔的。It was not long before I realized I was wrong.不久我就意识到我错了。It was minutes before the police arrived.过了几分钟警察才到。2AfterThe sun came out soon afte

3、r the storm stopped.暴风雨过后不久，太阳出来了。Ctill, until1until用于肯定句时，表示直到 为止，主句必须为持续性动词。We shall wait until he comes back.我们将一直等到他回来。 （注意它们的拼写）Everthing went well untiltill that accident happened.直到发生那意外之前，一切都正常。2 not until表示直到 才 ，主句通常要用短暂动词，这时until和till可用before代替Peopl do not know the of their health till unt

4、il before they lose it.人们直至失去了健康才知其可贵。3当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。Not until she stopped crying did I leave.直到她不哭了，我才离开的。It was not until she took off her drk glasses that I recognized her.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她。Dsince, ever since1since自以来。表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为延续性动词的现在完成时，since从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时

5、。Since she was young, she has been collecting stamps.她自年轻时起就一直集邮至今。Eas soon asas soon as.可译为一就，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。He rushed home as soon as he got the good news.他一得到这个好消息就奔回家。一就还可以用on/upon doing 结构来表示。On arriving home he called up Lester.= As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.他一到家就给莱斯特打电话。

6、F immediately instantly directly相当于as soon as，从句中用一般过去时态。They phoned her immediately they reached home.他一到家马上就给她打了电话。I recognized her instantly I caught a glimpse of her.我一看见她就把她认出来了。We came directly we got your telephone.我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。Gthe moment, the minute, the instant, the second这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接

7、引导时间状语从句，表示一 就 。He said hed turn on TV th moment he got home.他说他一到家就打开电视机。Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives.告诉他，他一到我就要见他。The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.铃一响，学生就冲出了教室。Ionceonce作连词时，也相当于as soon as，但它含有的条件意味更浓，它引导的从句较短。Once you begin, you must continue.

8、一旦开了头，你就应当继续下去。Once you see him, you will neer forget him.你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。Jnext time, the first time, the last time, every time 等Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.下次你进城一定来看我们。He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。Every time I see him he looks miserable

9、.我每次见到他，他都是一付痛苦的表情。The last time I spoke to Bob, he seemed happy enough.上一次我见到他时，他看上去很开心。Kby the timeby the tine 也可以引导时间状语从句，意为到 时为止，主句一般要用完成时态。By the time he was fourteen, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all byhimself.爱因斯坦到十四岁时就自学完了高等数学。 （从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时）二、地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where, wherev

10、er（where的强势语）和everywhere引导，是表示空间关系的状语从句。whereYoud better make a mark where you have any questions.哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。（这里where引导的从句不是定语从句）注意：在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。【正】You should put the book where it was.你应该把书放在原来的地方。【正】We should go where we are needed most.我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。B.whereverwherevr在任何地方，无论哪里Wherever

11、you go, you should do your work well.C.everywhereEverywhere they went, they were kindly receivd.他们每到一处都受到了友好的接待。三、原因状语从句 原因状语从句是表示原因和理由的从句。引导原因状语从句的有as, because, since, now （that）, considering that, seeing that等。A becauseHe couldnthave seen me, because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。比较：because 和f

12、or的区别。1for 是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。because表示原因时，可位于句首。【误】For he did not obey the rules, he was punished.【正】Because he did not obey the rules, he was punished.由于他不遵守规章制度，他受到了处。2for 表示的是推断解释，because强调动作发生的直接原因。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。（不可用because，因为地面湿不

13、是天下雨的原因）The day breaks, for the birds are singing.天亮了，因为鸟在叫。（不可用because，因为鸟叫不是天亮的原因）3在强调结构It iswas that和关联词not but 引导的原因状语从句中，宜用because。Its because he helped you that Im prepared to help him.sincesince 因为，既然。引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。Since you have no licence, you are not allowed to drive.因为你没有驾驶执照，所以不

14、允许你开车。Casas 由于。一般多用于句首。As she was ill, she didnt come to the party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。As he was not well enough, I had to go without him.由于他身体欠佳，我只好不带他去了。As it rained, we all stayed at home.由于下雨我们都呆在家里。Enow thatnow that 既然，因为。that可以省略。Now （that） dinner is ready, go and wash your hands.既然饭已好了，洗手去吧。Gnot tha

15、t but that 这一结构相当于汉语的不是因为 而是因为。Not that I dont like the film, but that I have no time for it.不是因我不喜欢看这部电影，而是因为我没有时间看。四、目的状语从句目的状语从句是表示行为目的的从句。引导目的状语从句的主要连词有that, so，so that, sothat, in order that等，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如can, could, may, might, should等。Athat, so that，in order that表示为了，以便，一般放在主句之后。that语气较弱，用的

16、较少，多用so that。They hurried so that they might not miss the train.他们为了不误火车，才急急忙忙的。Bin case, for fear that几个短语都表示万一，惟恐，含有否定的意义。Take an umbrella in case it rains.以防下雨，带把伞。五、结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句。引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so （that）, so that, such that等。结果状语从句通常置于主句之后。Aso, that, so that这三个词都可以引导结果状语从句。so that最为

17、常用，so或that常用于口语或非正式文体中。What has happened that you look so worried发生了什幺事，使你显得如此担心？I didnt plan the work well, so that /so I didnt finish it in time.我没把工作计划好，结果没按时完成。（so that从句常用逗号与主句隔开）The room was packed with people, so that we couldnt get in.房间里挤满了人，我们进不去。Cso.that so.that 如此以致。其引导的果状语从句有如下四种结构：1so

18、+ 形容词副词 + that-从句The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.风刮得那么大，我们简直寸步难行。2so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that-从句It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.天是那么的热以致他们都去游泳了。3so + many/few +复数名词+ that-从句He has so few friend that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。4so + much/little +不可

19、数名词 + that-从句I had so little money then that I couldnt even afford a used car.我当时囊中羞涩，甚至连一辆二手车都买不起。5.在so + 形容词副词 + that-从句结构中，如将so + 形容词副词位于句首，主谓语要倒装。So excited was he that she could not say a word.他很激动，一句话都说不出来。So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.他说得很响，连隔壁的人都

20、能听见。Dsuch. that such.that 如此以致。其引导的结果语从句有如下四种结构：1such + aan + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that-从句We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。2such + 形容词 +复数名词+ that-从句They are such interesting novels that all of us want to read them.这些是十分有意思的小说，大家都想看。3such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that-从句He mad

21、e such rapid progress that the teacher praised him.他的进步很快，老师表扬了他。Esuch thatsuch that可以连用，意思是（是）这样.以致。Mothers answer was such that she didnt say yes and she didnt say no.妈妈的回答就是这样，既没有同意也没有不同意。His anger was such that he lost control of himself.他勃大怒，以致不能自制。such .that . 引导的是结果状语从句。such .as .引导的是定语从句（请参考

22、第10章定语从句）。She had such a fright that she fainted.她吓得昏了过去。Luckily such earthquakes as can cause a lot of damage do no happen very often.很幸运，这种破坏性很大的地震并不经常发生。（关系代词as在定语从句中作主语）六、条件状语从句 条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。条件状语从句分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句（见第3章）。引导条件状语从句的有if, unless, so as long as, as so far as, on condit

23、ion that, in case, suppose, supposing等。条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。A if表示正面条件，意为如果。If you ask hm, he will help you.如果你向他请求，他会帮助你。Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。If I do not understand what he says, I always ask him.我不懂他的话时, 总是去问他。（if = when）if only和o

24、nly if的对比。if only 解释但愿，要是 就好了，表示一个不可能实现愿望，要用虚拟语气。only if 解释只有，等于only on condition that，从句用陈述语气。Only if you heat ice, it turns to water.只有当你给冰加热，它才会变成水。If only I knew!要是我知道该多好。Bunlessunless = if not, 表示反面条件，意思是如果不、除非。They will go tomorrow unless it rains.除非明天下雨，否则他们会去的。（They will go tomorrow if it do

25、esnt rain.）I wont let you in unless you show me your pass.如果你不出示通行证，我就不让你进来。（= I wont let you in if you dont show me your pass. ）if.not和unless通常是可以换用的。但在下列情况下，两者是有区别的：1unless多引导真实条件句，if not可以引导真实条件句或非真实条件句。Hewont be able to pass the final exams unless he works hard.除非他努力，否则就通过不了期末考试。He wont be able

26、to pass the final exams if he doesnt work hard.如果他不努力，就通过不了期末考试。He would pass the final exams if he worked hard.要是他努力的话，他就会通过考试。（非真实条件句。含义是He doesntwork hard.）2如果主句描述的是情感或情绪活动方面的内容，if not结构不能换成unless。如：Ill be quite glad if she doesnt come this evening.她今晚如果不来我很高兴。3unless引导的状语从句可用否定结构，而if not引导的从句不可再

27、用否定结构。Dont ask me to explain again unless you really dont understand.不要再叫我解释了，除非你真的不懂。4uless能作为介词使用，相当于except，而if not不可以。Nothing will come out of it unless disaster.这种事除非引起灾祸之外不会有什么结果。Cso long as, as long as, on condition that这几个短语意思差不多，都表示只要，条件是。AsSo long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。You may use the room on condition that so long as you clean