1972年国际海上避碰规则中英解析Word文件下载.docx

1、3本规则条款不妨碍各国政府为军舰及护航下的船舶所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号，或者为结队从事捕鱼的渔船所制定的关于额外的队形灯、信号灯或号型的任何特殊规定的实施。这些额外的队形灯、信号灯、号型或笛号，应尽可能不致被误认为本规则其他条文所规定的任何号灯、号型或信号。（c） Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any State with respect to additional station or sign

2、al lights or shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or with respect to additional station or signal lights for fishing vessels fishing as a fleet. These additional station or signal lights or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot

3、 be mistaken for any light, shape, or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules.4为实施本规则，本组织可以采纳分道通航制。（d） Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by the Organization for the purpose of these Rules.5凡经有关政府确定，某种特殊构造或用途的船舶，如不能完全遵守本规则任何一条关于号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性的规定时，则应遵守其政府在号灯或号型的数量、位置、能见距

4、离或弧度以及声号设备的配置和特性方面为之另行确定的尽可能符合本规则条款要求的规定。（e） Whenever the Government concerned shall have determined that a vessel of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as wel

5、l as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances, as her Gove

6、rnment shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance with these Rules in respect to that vessel.第 二 条 Rule 2责 任 Responsibility1本规则条款并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船长或船员由于遵守本规则条款的任何疏忽，或者按海员通常做法或当时特殊情况所要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生的各种后果的责任。（a） Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master, or

7、crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.2在解释和遵行本规则条款时，应充分考虑一切航行和碰撞的危险以及包括当事船舶条件限制在内的任何特殊情况，这些危险和特殊情况可能需要背离本规则条款以避免紧迫危险。（b） I

8、n construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.第 三 条 Rule 3一 般 定 义 Gene

9、ral Definitions除条文另有解释外，在本规则中：For the purpose of these Rules, except where the context otherwise requires: 1“船舶”一词，指用作或者能够用作水上运输工具的各类水上船筏，包括非排水船筏和水上飞机。（a） The word vessel includes every description of watercraft, including non-displacement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of being used as a mean

10、s of transportation on water.2“机动船”一词，指用机器推进的任何船舶。（b） The term power driven vessel means any vessel propelled by machinery.3“帆船”一词，指任何驶帆的船舶，如果装有推进器但不在使用。（c） The term sailing vessel means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used.4、“从事捕鱼的船舶”一词，指使用网具、绳钓、拖网或

11、其他使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的任何船舶，但不包括使用曳绳钓或其他并不使其操纵性能受到限制的渔具捕鱼的船舶。（d） The term vessel engaged in fishing means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls, or other fishing apparatus which restrict maneuverability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do n

12、ot restrict manageability.5“水上飞机”一词，包括为能在水面操纵而设计的任何航空器。（e） The term seaplane includes any aircraft designed to maneuver on the water.6“失去控制的船舶”一词，指由于某种异常情况，不能按本规则条款的要求进行操纵，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。（f） The term vessel not under command means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to maneu

13、ver as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.7“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词，指由于工作性质，使其按本规则条款的要求进行操纵的能力受到限制，因而不能给他船让路的船舶。（g） The term vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver means a vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to mane

14、uver as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel.“操纵能力受到限制的船舶”一词应包括，但不限于下列船舶：The term shall include but not be limited to: （1）从事敷设。维修或起捞助航标志、海底电缆或管道的船舶；（i） A vessel engaged in laying, servicing, or picking up a navigational mark, submarine cable or pip

15、eline;（2）从事疏浚、测量或水下作业的船舶；（ii） A vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations; （3）在航中从事补给或转运人员、食品或货物的船舶；（iii） A vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway; （4）从事发放或回收航空器的船舶；（iv） A vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraf

16、t; （5）从事清除水雷作业的船舶；（v） A vessel engaged in mineclearance operations; （6）从事拖带作业的船舶，而该项拖带作业使该拖船及其被拖物体驶离其航向的能力严重受到限制者。（vi） A vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course.8“限于吃水的船舶”一词，指由于吃水与可航行水域的水深和宽度的关系，致使其驶离

17、航向的能力严重地受到限制的机动船。（h） The term vessel constrained by her draft means a power-driven vessel which because of her draft in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following.9“在航”一词，指船舶不在锚泊、系岸或搁浅。（i） The word un

18、derway means a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground.10船舶的“长度”和“宽度”是指其总长度和最大宽度。（j） The words length and breadth of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth. 11 只有当一船能自他船以视觉看到时，才应认为两船是在互见中。（k） Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one ca

19、n be observed visually from the other.12“能见度不良”一词，指任何由于雾、霾、下雪、暴风雨、沙暴或任何其他类似原因而使能见度受到限制的情况。（l） The term restricted visibility means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, sandstorms and any other similar causes.第二章 驾驶和航行规则 Part B - Steering and S

20、ailing Rules第一节 船舶在任何能见度情况下的行动规则 Section I - Conduct of Vessels in any Condition of Visibility第 四 条 Rule 4本节条款适用于任何能见度的情况。Rules in this section apply to any condition of visibility.第 五 条 Rule 5了 望 Look-out每一船在任何时候都应使用视觉、听觉以及适合当时环境和情况的一切有效手段保持正规的了望，以便对局面和碰撞危险作出充分的估计。Every vessel shall at all times ma

21、intain a proper look-out by sight as well as by hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision.第 六 条 Rule 6安全航速 Safe Speed每一船在任何时候都应以安全航速行驶，以便能采取适当而有效的避碰行动，并能在适合当时环境和情况的

22、距离以内把船停住。Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions. 在决定安全航速时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点：In determining a safe speed the following factors s

23、hall be among those taken into account:1对所有船舶：（a） By all vessels: （1）能见度情况； （i）The state of visibility; （2）通航密度，包括渔船或者任何其他船舶的密集程度； （ii） The traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels; （3）船舶的操纵性能，特别是在当时情况下的冲程和旋回性能； （iii） The manageability of the vessel with speci

24、al reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions; （4）夜间出现的背景亮光，诸如来自岸上的灯光或本船灯光的反向散射； （iv） At night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter from her own lights; （5）风、浪和流的状况以及靠近航海危险物的情况； （v） The state of wind, sea and current, an

25、d the proximity of navigational hazards; （6）吃水与可用水深的关系。 （vi） The draft in relation to the available depth of water.2对备有可使用的雷达的船舶，还应考虑：（b） Additionally, by vessels with operational radar: （1）雷达设备的特性、效率和局限性； （i） The characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment; （2）所选用的雷达距离标尺带来的任何

26、限制； （ii） Any constrains imposed by the radar range scale in use; （3）海况、天气和其他干扰源对雷达探测的影响； （iii） The effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference; （4）在适当距离内，雷达对小船、浮冰和其他漂浮物有探测不到的可能性； （iv） The possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not

27、 be detected by radar at an adequate range; （5）雷达探测到的船舶数目、位置和动态； （v） The number location and movement of vessels detected by radar; （6）当用雷达测定附近船舶或其他物体的距离时，可能对能见度作出更确切的估计。 （vi） The more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or oth

28、er objects in the vicinity.第 七 条 Rule 7碰 撞 危 险 Risk of Collision1每一船都应使用适合当时环境和情况的一切有效手段断定是否存在碰撞危险，如有任何怀疑，则应认为存在这种危险。（a） Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk sha

29、ll be deemed to exist.2如装有雷达设备并可使用的话，则应正确予以使用，包括远距离扫描，以便获得碰撞危险的早期警报，并对探测到的物标进行雷达标绘或与其相当的系统观察。（b） Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects.3不应当根据不充分的资料，特别是不充分的雷达观测资料作出推断。（c） Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information, especially scanty radar information.4在断定是否存在碰撞危险时，考虑的因素中应包括下列各点：（d） In determining if risk of coll