五夜十篇讲义Word文档格式.docx

1、1. A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust（国民信托组织） not to rescue stylish houses （时尚的豪宅） but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” but to for everyone forever. save “natural places the beauty” 2. It （组织） was specifically to provide city dwellers（居民） with spaces f

2、or leisure /where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Provide sb with sth 3. Hills pressure（敦促，施压） （政府） later led to the creation（产生） of national parks and green belts. 4. They（政府） dont make（建设） countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. （比喻，混凝土消耗着更多乡村！=很多房建在了乡村） 绿地被破坏！

3、=成果被破坏！5. It （乡村）needs constant guardianship.（保护）27.According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being _.2 （细节）B effectively reinforced. D properly protected.A gradually destroyed.C largely overshadowed.Parliament ：The House of Noble 上The House of Common 下650 半数！325！ Shad

4、ow cabinet / cabinetThe labor （left） Conservative （right） 200+ 318 Liberal Democratic （10）Green party 1Ukip 1第三段1. At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse（支持） this sentiment. （保护乡村）Sponsor （支持）2. The Conservatives（保守党） planning reform explicitly gives rural development（开发

5、） priority over conservation（保护）, even authorizing（批准） “off-plan” building where local people might object（反对）.Sb gives A priority over B 某人给了A优先权，而没有给B优先权；某人重视A而不重视B3. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. sustainable development =环保profitable= 有利可图！Profitable= lucr

6、ativeLucrative= handsome Lucrative = rich 4. Labour（工党） likewise（同样的） wants to discontinue（停止） local planning where councils oppose development（反对开发）. local planning=保护乡村工党也支持开发！5. The Liberal Democrats are silent. 6. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with（站在了一起） those pleading for（呼吁） a more

7、 considered（周全） approach（方法） to using green land. 7. Its （Ukip） Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into （使害怕）many local Conservative parties.28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?3A Labour is under attack for opposing development.B The Conservatives may abandon “off

8、-plan” building.（有may也不对的两种情况： 1. 和文章表述完全相反，2. 文中完全没有提及。C The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.（保持沉默不以为这失去了政治影响力）D Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.（有may 有未来！第四段1. The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and to

9、wns where infrastructure is in place. 2. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified（找到了） enough sites（建筑用地） for（容纳）half a million houses in the London are alone, with no intrusion（侵占） on green belt. Overstep 3. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces （其他地方）.第五段1. The idea t

10、hat “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. 1）“housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows”要想解决住房危机就是要在绿地上建房。2）The idea is pure lobby talk2. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. 3. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-bu

11、ild against urban renovation and renewal. 4. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets（城市商业街）. High street Fleet street=英国报业Downing street= 英国政府Wall street = 美国的金融界29.The author holds that George Osbornes preference _.45（细节）Ahighlights his firm stand against lobby pressureB shows hi

12、s disregard（不关心） for the character of rural areasC stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisisD reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas5. This is not a free market but a biased（有偏见的！有歧视的！） one. 保守党人往往是支持自由资本主义的。他们就主张要提供一个无差别的竞争的环境，让人人，各个组织机构都有机会，公平竞争。保守党人认为政府不应该插手到市场的活动中。6. Rural town

13、s and villages have grown and will always grow. 7. They do so best where building sticks to their edges（边界） and respects their character. 8. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. 9. Why ruin rural ones?第六段1. Development should be planned, not let rip. Let rip = let sth rip 肆意妄为2. After the Nether

14、lands, Britain is Europes most crowded country. 3. Half a century of town and country planning（半个世纪以来的城乡规划） has enabled it （英国） to retain（保持了） an enviable rural coherence（一致性）, while（同时） still permitting low-density urban living. Permit sth 使什么成为可能30.In the last paragraph, the author shows his appre

15、ciation of _.6 （细节）C the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain 主题为王 k k必杀D the town-and-country planning in Britain A the size of population in Britain B the political life in todays Britain4. There is no doubt of the alternativethe corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. 5. Avoid

16、ing this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum. 政治谱系政治谱系上的左派和右派应该团结起来，避免这样的事情发生，而不是促成破坏英国乡村。第二篇：英国福利标注段落号和句子序号切分/调序1. In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency”, George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront w

17、ork search” scheme. George Osborne introduced the “upfront（诚信） work search” scheme（计划）In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency”,（人们）？Chancellor of the Exchequer2. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV（简历）, register for online job search, and start looking for

18、work will they be eligible for benefitand then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. Only if .2） they will be eligible for benefitBe eligible for sth Be eligible to do sth. 1）.the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV（简历）, register for online job search, and start looking for work3）

19、they should report weekly rather than（而不是） fortnightly（每两周）3. What could be more reasonable?21. George Osbornes scheme was intended to_. 1细节Aprovide the unemployed with easier access to benefits写作句：I can have the better access to the up-to-date information with the help of the mobile Internet. Benco

20、urage jobseekers active engagement in job seeking名词（有动词含义的）翻译为动词Cmotivate the unemployed to report voluntarilyDguarantee jobseekers legitimate right to benefitsLegitimate： 合法；合理的；（重视分析题干和选项以及相关语言点！1. More apparent reasonableness followed. 2. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseekers allo

21、wance. （介词能省译就省！3. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on,” he claimed. （找指代！词汇：looking for（寻找） work not looking to（寻找） _22. The phrase “to sign on” （Para. 2） most probably means_.2 词汇Ato check on the availability of jobs at the job centreBto accept the govern

22、ments restrictions on the allowanceCto register for an allowance from the government Dto attend a governmental job-training programA B C D 4. “Were doing these things because we know they（things） help people stay off（远离） benefits and help those on（依靠） benefits get into work faster.” 5. Help?6. Reall

23、y? （作者观点！Diss 2012.1 peer pressure 7. On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes laziness. 民生！社会责任感

24、！1）On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor2）trying to change lives for the better3）complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent（纵容性质的） system4）system demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes（资助） laziness.8. What motivated him, we were

25、 to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.1）we were to understand2）What motivated（促使） him was his zeal（渴求） for “fundamental fairness”？protecting the taxpayer, contro

26、lling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving（最有资格的） claimants（申请者） received their benefits.（福利）23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme? 细节 2AA desire to secure a better life for all.BAn eagerness to protect the unemployed.CAn urge to be generous（慷慨）to the claimants.DA pass

27、ion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.1. Losing a job is hurting: you dont skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. 2. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support（福利） is mi

28、nimal（最基本的） and extraordinarily hard to get. 3. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. that offers purpose（目标） and structure（支撑） in your life.4. Worse, the crucial（重要） income to feed（养活） yourself and your family and pay

29、the bills has disappeared. 5. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.Losing a job is hurting:24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel_.3 细Auneasy（不安）Benraged（愤怒）Cinsulted（侮辱）Dguilty（有罪）1. But in Osborneland, your first instinct（本能） is to fall into dependencypermanent dependency if you can get itsupported by a stat