名词性从句讲义与练习文档格式.docx

1、It has been proved that已证实3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 （1） if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2） It is said , （reported） 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. （right） That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （wrong） （3） It happens, It occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 It oc

2、curred to him that he failed in the examination. （right） That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （wrong） （4） It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。 It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. （right） Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. （wrong） （5） 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。 Is it

3、 likely that it will rain in the evening? （right） Is that will rain in the evening likely? （wrong）4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。1） What you said yesterday is right.2） That she is still alive is a consolation.二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。1. 作动

4、词的宾语（1） 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：I heard that be joined the army.（2） 由what, whether （if） 引导的宾语从句，例如：1） She did not know what had happened.2） I wonder whether you can change this note for me.（3） 动词间接宾语宾语从句。She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语例如：Our success depends upon how we

5、ll we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语I am afraid （that） Ive made a mistake.That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从

6、句的看作原因状语从句。4. It 可以作为形式宾语It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：We heard it that she would get married next month.5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。I

7、 admire their winning the match. （right）I admire that they won the match. （wrong）6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。He impressed the manager as an honest man. （right）He impressed the manager that he

8、was an honest man. （wrong）7. 否定的转移若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。I dont think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）三表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常

9、可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。1） The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2） This is why we cant get the support of the people3） But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4） The reason he is late for school is that he missed the ea

10、rly bus. 四同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：1） The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2） The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。He got

11、 the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别（1） 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。（2） 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。1） The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年

12、将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）17. 名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 （Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that,

13、whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从

14、句 3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有or not Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.17.2 名词性that-从句1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例

15、如： 主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 形容词宾

16、语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary t

17、hat 有必要It is important that 重要的是It is obvious that 很明显 b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that从所周知It has been decided that 已决定 c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是 d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears th

18、at似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起17.3 名词性wh-从句 1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：主语： How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语

19、：In ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。同位语：I have no idea when he will return.我

20、不知道他什么时候回来。形容词宾语：Im not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。17.4 if, wh

21、ether引导的名词从句1）yes-no型疑问从句从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同， 例如：主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。表语：The point is whether we s

22、hould lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。形容词宾语： Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。2）选择性疑问从句 选择性疑问从句由关联

23、词if/whetheror或whetheor not构成，例如： Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。 I dont care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。17.5 否定转移 1） 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。t think I know you.我想我并不认识你。

24、t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。2） 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。 It doesnt seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。t appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3） 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。t remember having ever seen

25、such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。 （not否定动名词短语 having） Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。（anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。4） 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。 The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.（否定状语）蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。 He was not ready to believe so

26、mething just because Aristotle said so. （否定because状语） 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.（否定状语many weeks）她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。Part II名词性从句主要起名词所起的作用，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高

27、考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化，但仔细分析高考试题不难看出，这一部分内容主要从以下几个方面进行考查。I语序问题。在名词性从句中，除了关联词在从句之首外，其它部分应用陈述句的语序，而考生们往往使用疑问句的语序，特别是在以wh-引起的名词性从句中。克服这个问题的关键就是要找准从句的主语。1. The photographs will show you _ （MET89） A what does our village look like B what our village looks like C how does our village look like D how our village looks like 解析答案：B。根据引导词在从句中作介词like的宾语，所以不能用副词how，排除C、 D，而A项用了疑问句的语序，故选B项。再如：2. He asked _ for a violin（MET92） A did I pay how much