精初中英语现在完成时语法全解Word文件下载.docx

1、have not, has not的缩略式分别为havent, hasnt。另外，肯定句中有some, already时，改为否定时要分别改成any, yet。例：1）I havent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。2）She hasnt travelled on a train. 她没有坐火车旅行过。3）We have never spoken to a foreigner我们从来没有和外国人说过话。注：有时not可以用never代替，表示从来没有的意思。又如：4） I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。（三

2、）一般疑问式助动词Have/Has 主语过去分词其它 ？把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some, already改为any, yet就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用Yes, 主语have/has.；否定回答用No, 主语havent/hasnt.。有时也可以用No, not yet./No, never/No, not even once等。1）Have you ever made dumplings?你曾经做过饺子吗？Yes , I have.是的，我做过。2）Has she ever been abroad? 她曾经出过国吗？No, never. 不，从来没有

3、。3）Have they found the lost books yet? 他们已经找到了丢失的书吗？Yes, they have. 是的，他们找到了。注意：当句中有否定词not , hardly（几乎不）, never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school, have you? 你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗？二、过去分词1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：（1）.一般动词，在词尾直接加 ed 。workworkedworked ,visitvisit

4、edvisited（2）.以 e 结尾的动词，只在词尾加 d livelivedlived ,（3）、以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，将y 变为i，再加studystudiedstudied ,crycriedcried（4）、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加stopstoppedstopped , dropdroppeddropped2. 不规则动词：costcostcostshutshut shutspread spreadspreadread read read （read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/）come came comeb

5、urn burnt burntcatch caught caughtdig dug dugfeel felt feltfightfought foughtmakemade madebreak broke brokenchoosechosechosenwrite wrote written三、现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法（一）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already（已经）, yet（还、已经）, just（刚刚、仅仅）, ever（曾经）, never（从不）, before（以前）等连用。这几个副词的用法如下：1already意为已经，通常

6、用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。Ive already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。（读这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是知道书中的内容ve washed my clothes already. 我已经洗了衣服。（洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是衣服洗干净了在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于（口语）疑问句中。Have you met him already? 你（真的）已经见过他了？2yet用在疑问句中意为，用在否定句中意为还，常放在句末。1）Has he found his watch yet? 他已经找到他的手表了

7、吗？No, not yet.不，还没有。2）The woman hasnt found her dog yet.那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。（没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响）3just意为刚刚，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。He has just come back from school. 他刚从学校回来。4ever意为曾经，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong? 你曾去过香港吗？2）I havent ever spoken to her. 我未曾和她说过话。5never意为常与before连

8、用（before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间）。I have never travelled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。6before意为以前，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。1）Have you been to Hainan before? 你以前去过海南吗？t eaten Guangdong food before.我以前没吃过广东菜。现在完成时（二）1.表示过去发生的动作或状态持续到现在，还可能继续下去。谓语动词为延续性动词，可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。2.时间状语（1）since 结构：since+时间

9、点since+时间段+agosince+从句（一般过去时）（2）for+一段时间（3）recently , lately , these days , in the past/last three years（在过去的三年里）by the end of. （到.为止） ； so far（到目前为止）= up to now3.其中for与since引导的时间状语可以进行相互转换。Eg. I have lived here for ten years.=I have lived here since ten years ago.They have lived here since 1989./si

10、nce they came to Beijing.In the past ten years, China has progressed so much.By the end of this term, we have learned about 10,000 French words.4.常用 How long.? 来提问现在完成时的时间。Eg. -How long have you learned English?-I have learned English for six years./since six years ago./since I was ten years old.延续性

11、动词与非延续性动词1.现在完成时中句中动词的特点：此种用法中表示动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。（1）这本书我已经买了3年了。ve bought the book for three years. （ve had the book for three years. （）（2）你哥哥参军多长时间了？How long has your brother joined the army? （How long has your brother been in the army/ been a soldier? （）2.延续性动词与非延续性动词（1）含义：延续性动词表示能够持续的动作，强调

12、经过，经历。可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。非延续性动词（即短暂性动词、瞬间动词、终止性动词）表示不能持续的动作，一瞬间就结束，或表示一次性动作，强调行为的结果，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。Eg. Ive known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）He has finished the work.他已经完成了那项工作。（表结果）（2）用法：常见的延续性动词有：learn，work, stand, know ,walk, keep, wait, watch, read, sleep, live ,stay等。常见的非延续性动词有: come, go, l

13、eave, begin, start, arrive, reach, see, die, join, get up, borrow, lend, buy , finish, end, become等。非延续动词的否定式已经成为了一种可延续性的状态，故可以和for, since 等表示一段时间的时间状语连用。Eg. I havent seen him for a long time.我已经很长时间没见过他了。I havent borrowed books for two months. 我已经两个月没借书了。判断正误，如有错误请改正。He has come back. （）He has come

14、 back for three years. （-He has been back for three years.I have borrowed the book. （）I have borrowed the book since last week.（-I have kept the book since last week.I have got up for an hour. （-I have been up for an hour.He has died for 5 years.（-He has been dead for 5 years.（3）非延续性动词 转换为 延续性动词a）使用

15、相应的延续性动词borrow keep ； buy haveput on wear ； become-beget to sleep sleep ; get to know knowcatch/get a cold have a cold ;b）转换成be+名词的形式join the Party（党）-be a Party member ;join the army -be a soldier/be in the armygo to school-be a studentc）转换成be+形容词/副词die-be dead ; finish-be over ;begin/start-be on ；

16、 leave-be away;fall asleep-be asleep ; wake up-be awakeget up-be up ; get out-be out;get married-be marriedclose-be closed（形容词）;open-be open（形容词） ;make friends-be friendsd）转换为be+介词短语join- be in./be a member of ;come/go-be + 相应的介词短语go to school-be in school【针对练习】他已经回来三天了。He has been back for three da

17、ys.他离家已经有两个月了。He has been away from home for two months.他父亲已经死了三年了。His father has been dead for three years.她已睡了一个小时了。She has slept for one hour.这场电影已经开始两小时了。The film has been on for two hours.e）将时间状语改为过去的时间，用一般过去时代替现在完成时。她已经离开了一周了。 She left one week ago.f）用句型 It is+一段时间+since 从句一段时间+has passed +since 从句这个老人已经死了两年了。The old man died two years ago. （一般过去时）The old man has been died for two years.The old man has been died since two years ago.It is two years since the old man died.Two years has passed since the old man died.