英国文学史期末复习重点Word格式文档下载.docx

1、 Therefore, the Anglo-Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism.5. Anglo-Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century.Chapter 2 Beowulf1. Anglo-Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf

2、, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf.3. Analysis of Its ContentBeowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the ten

3、th century.4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements.Chapter 3 Feudal England1） The Norman Conquest2. The Norman Conquest The French-speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at

4、Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.3. The Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English Language By the end of the fourteenth century, when Normans and English intermingled, English was once more the dominant speech

5、 in the country.3） The Romance1. The Content of the Romance The most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance.4. Malorys Le Morte DArthur The adventures of the Knights of the Round Table at Arthurs courtChapter 5 The English Ballads2. The Ballads The most important department

6、of English folk literature is the ballad. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.Of paramount importance are the ballads of Robin Hood.3. The Robin Hood BalladsChapter 6 Chaucer1. Life Geoffrey Chaucer, the founder/father of English poetr

7、y.3.Troilus and CriseydeTroilus and Criseyde is Chaucers longest plete poem and his greatest artistic achievement. But the poet shows some sympathy for her, hitting that her fault springs from weakness rather than baseness of character.4. The Canterbury TalesThe Canterbury Talesis Chaucers masterpie

8、ce and one of the monumental works in English literature.6. His Language Chaucers language, now called Middle English, is vivid and exact. Chaucers contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet

9、 of 5 accents in iambic meter（the “the heroic couplet）to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucer did much in making dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.Part Two: The English

10、RenaissanceChapter 1 Old England in Transition1. The New Monarchy The century and a half following the death of Chaucer was full of great changes. And Henry 7, taking advantage of this situation, founded the Tudor dynasty, a centralized monarchy of a totally new type, which met the needs of the risi

11、ng bourgeoisie and so won its support.2. The Reformation Protestantism The bloody religious persecution came to a stop after the church settlement of Queen Elizabeth.3. The English Bible William Tyndall Then appeared the Authorized Version, which was made in 1611 under the auspicesof James I and so

12、was sometimes called the King James Bible. The result is a monument of English language and English literature. The standard modern English has been fixed and confirmed.4. The Enclosure Movement5. The mercial ExpansionChapter 2 More Thomas More2. UtopiaUtopia is Mores masterpiece, written in the for

13、m of a conversation between More and Hythlody, a returned voyager. The name “Utopia es from two Greek words meaning “no place.3. Utopia, Book One Book One of Utopia is a picture of contemporary England with forcible exposure of the poverty among the laboring classes.4. Utopia, Book Two In Book Two w

14、e have a sketch of an ideal monwealth in some unknown ocean, where property is held in mon and there is no poverty.Chapter 3 The Flowering of English Literature3. Edmund Spenser1） Life The Poets Poet of the period was Edmund Spenser.In 1579 he wrote The Shephers Calendar, a pastoral poem in twelve b

15、ooks, one for each month of the year.2） The Faerie Queene（masterpiece）Spensers greatest work, The Faerie Queene（published in 1589-1596）, is a long poem planned in 12 books, of which he finished only 6.iambic feet Spenserian Stanza4. Francis Bacon （father/founder of English essay） the founder of Engl

16、ish English materialist philosophy Bacon is also famous for his Essays. When it included 58 essays. Bacon is the first English essayist.Chapter 4 Drama7. The Playwrights There was a group of so-called “university wits （Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Greene, Lodge and Nash）.Chapter 5 Marlowe The most gifted o

17、f the “university wits was Christopher Marlowe.2. Work Marlowes best includes three of his plays, Tamburlaine, The Jew of Malta and Doctor Faustus.3. Doctor Faustus Marlowes masterpiece is The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.5. Marlowes Literary Achievement Marlowe was the greatest of the pioneer

18、s of English drama. It is Marlowe who first made blank verse （rhymeless iambic pentameter） the principal instrument of English drama.Chapter 6 Shakespeare William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-on-Avon. After his death, two of his above-mentioned fellow-actors, Herminge and Con

19、dell, collected and published Shakespeares plays in 1623. To this edition, which has been known as the First Folio.4. The Great edies A Midsummer Nights Dream,The Merchant of Venice, As You Like Itand Twelfth Night have been called Shakespeares “great edies.6. The Great TragediesShakespeare created

20、his great tragedies, Hamlet,Othello, King Lear andMacbeth.7. Hamlet the son of the Renaissance9. The Poems1） Venus and Adonis2）The Rape of Lucrece3） Shakespeares Sonnets10. Features of Shakespeares Drama Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of t

21、he English language. Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance.Part Three: The Period of the English Bourgeois RevolutionChapter 1 The English Revolution and the Restoration5. The Bourgeois Dictatorship and the Restorationin 1688 Glorious Revolution6.

22、The Religious Cloak of the English RevolutionPuritanism was the religious doctrine of the revolutionary bourgeoisie during the English Revolution. It preached thrift, sobriety, hard work and unceasing labour in whatever calling one happened to be, but with no extravagant enjoyment of the fruits of l

23、abour.Chapter 2 Milton1. Life and WorkParadise Lost,Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.2. Paradise Lost1） Paradise Lost Paradise Lost is Miltons masterpiece. blank verse.Chapter 3 BunyanThe Pilgrims Progresswas published in 1678.2. The Pilgrims Progress1）The Pilgrims Progress is a religious alle

24、gory.Chapter 4 Metaphysical Poets and Cavalier Poets a school of poets called “Metaphysical by Samuel Johnson.by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form John Donne, the founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry.Chapter 6 Restoration Literature2. John DrydenThe most distinguished literary

25、figure of the Restoration Period was John Dryden. Dryden was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the next century.Part Four: The Eighteenth CenturyChapter 1 The Enlightenment and Classicism in English Literature1. The Enlightenment and 18th Century England2） The Enlighten

26、ment in Europe The 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe, known as the Enlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survival

27、s of feudalism.3） The English Enlighterners The representatives of the Enlightenment in English literature were Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, the essayists, and Alexander Pope, the poet.Chapter 2 Addison and Steele1. Steele and The TatlerRichard SreeleIn 1709, he started a paper, The Tatler, to

28、 enlighten, as well as to entertain, his fellow coffeehouse-goers.His appeal was made to “coffeehouses, that is to say, to the middle classes, for whose enlightenment he stood up. “Issac Bickerstaff2. Addison and The SpectatorThe general purpose is “to enliven morality with wit, and to temper wit wi

29、th morality.They ushered in the dawn of modern English novel.Chapter 3 Pope Alexander Pope, the most important English poet in the first half of the 18th century.3. Workmanship and Limitation Pope was an outstanding enlightener and the greatest English poet of the classical school in the first half of the 18th cen