阅读材料2Word文件下载.docx

1、如果说诗最重要的品质是爱，散文最重要的品质是公正；爱使你因一时冲动而采取行动、表达自己，但要做到公正则需要调查，需要耐心，需要控制激情，即使这种激情是最崇高的。关于公正，我不是指只针对具体人或具体思想的公正，而是指在思想的全过程中的一种公正的习惯，一种由此习惯所形成的沉稳的文风和由此习惯所造就的形式。散文大师并不冷漠，但他也不允许那些含有激情的但又与他的初衷毫不相干的字词或形象来激发他的感情。他不慌不忙、永不停止地追求着，克制着他丰富的主观色彩，摒弃所有与之无关的藻饰，他从完成的作品之中，从作品的整体和各部分之间和谐的关系里，去创造着他自己的美，因此，你要想知道作品是美的，你必须把它读完。然而

2、，他也得到应有的奖赏，因为人们信任他，他令人信服，而那些依靠言辞雄辩的人却做不到，而且，正因为他不露声色而能给人更大的愉悦。在阅读最好的散文时，无论是叙事的还是说理的，我们会一直读下去，不会停下来向作者欢呼，也不会停下来向作者发问。（刘士聪译）（译文2） 散文的篇幅较诗歌长，它自身所蕴涵的特有品质，总是逐渐得向人们展示出来。如果说诗歌的主要品质是爱，那么散文的主要品质则为其合理公正性。爱使人热情奔放，瞬间爆发，而合理公正，则需要质疑，需要耐心，需要控制情感，即便是那最高尚的激情。我这里说的合理公正，并非指代某个特殊的人或是特殊的想法，而是指一种习性。它体现在一切思想的过程中，是一种文静的风格，

3、一种由此习性塑成的形式。散文的创作者并非冷酷无情，然而任何与其写作意图无关的词语，亦或是图象都休想热昏他的头脑。他从容不迫，反复推敲，脑海中那丰富的想象，华丽的辞藻，但凡与其文章主旨无关的，一概竭力抑制，不予理睬。一旦完成，它的整体以及枝节都完成了，那么他追求的，文章的那种独立的美也就出来了。所以你只有通篇全读后，才能真正领略到它的美。然而，对于这样的创作者，是有回报的。他让人充满信任，使人信服。而绝不像那些夸夸其谈者；他向我们展示的，是生活中那些不轻易为人察觉的美好事物。一篇散文佳作，无论其是叙述型还是辩论型的，我们一旦开始阅读，就被其引领上路，无须停下为作者鼓掌喝彩亦或是唏嘘质疑。The

4、First Snow （Henry Wadsworth Longfellow ）The first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line acros

5、s the landscape; and the leafless trees, that against the leaden（铅灰色的，沉闷的）sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies（错综复杂的事物）of their branches. What silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! Every sound was muffled,（听不清的）every noise changed to something soft and mus

6、ical. No more tramping（踩，踏）hoofs（人的脚，蹄）, no more rattling（咔嗒咔嗒的）wheels! Only the chiming of sleigh-bells（雪橇的铃铛）, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children.初雪飘临。多么美啊！它整日整夜那么静静地飘着，落在山岭上，落在草地上，落在世人的屋顶上，落在死者的坟墓上！在一片白茫茫之中，只有河流在美丽的画面上划出一道曲曲弯弯的黑线；还有那叶儿落尽的树木，映衬着铅灰色的天空，此刻更显得枝丫交错，姿态万千。初雪飘落时，是何等的静

7、谧，何等的幽静！一切声音都趋于沉寂，一切噪音都化着柔和的音乐。再也听不见马蹄得得，再也听不见车轮粼粼！ 唯有雪橇的铃铛，奏出和谐的乐声，那明快欢乐的节拍犹如孩子们心房的搏动。（范钜清译）First Snow Jonathan Nicholas He wasnt sure what had awakened him. Perhaps the child had made some small noise in her sleep. But as he peeked（偷看，一瞥） from beneath the covers, his gaze was drawn not to the crad

8、le（摇篮，发源地）but to the window. It was then that he realized what had sneaked（溜进，潜行）through the shield of his slumbers（睡眠，静止状态）. It was the sense of falling snow. Quietly, so as not to disturb the childs mother, he rose from the bed and inched（英寸的）toward the cradle. Reaching down, he gently lifted the

9、warm bundle to his shoulder. Then, as he tiptoed from the bedroom, she lifted her head, opened her eyes and - daily dose of magic - smiled up at her dad. He carried her downstairs, counting the creaks（嘎吱嘎吱声）on the way. Together, they settled in at the kitchen table, and the adult in him slipped away

10、. Two children now, they pressed their noses against the glass. The light from the street lamp（路灯）on the corner filtered down（渗入）through the birch trees, casting a glow（灼热，色彩鲜艳，兴高采烈）as green as a summer memory upon the winter-brown back yard. From the distance came the endless echo of the stoplight,

11、 flashing its ruby（红宝石色的）message, teasing like a dawn that would not come. The flakes（鳞片，白点）were falling thick and hard now, pouring past the window, a waterfall of mystery. Occasionally, one would stick to the glass, as if reluctant to tumble to（恍然大悟）its fate. Then, slowly, slipping and sliding dow

12、n the glass, it would melt, its beauty fleeting（飞逝）. Gone. Within an hour, a white tablecloth was spread upon the lawn. And as gray streaks（条痕）of dawn unraveled（解开，阐明）along the black seam（缝）of the distant hills, father and daughter watched the new day ripple（波纹，涟漪）across the neighborhood. A porch（走廊

13、）light came on. A car door slammed（猛烈抨击）. A television flickered（闪烁，闪光）. Across the street, a family scurried（急赶，急跑）into gear. But this day was different. Glimpsed through undraped（出去幕帐）windows as they darted（急冲，投掷）from room to room, the slim figures of the children seemed to grow ever fatter until,

14、 finally, the kitchen door flew open（突然打开）and out burst three awesomely bundled objects that set instantly to rolling in the snow. He wondered where they had learned this behavior. Even the littlest one, for whom this must have been the first real snowfall, seemed to know instinctively what to do. T

15、hey rolled in it, they tasted it, they packed it into balls and tossed（扔）it at one another. Then, just when he thought they might not know everything, they set about shaping a snowman on the crest（波峰，山顶）of the hill.By the time the snowmans nose was in place, the neighborhood was fully awake. A car w

16、hined（嘎嘎响，发牢骚，哭诉）in protest, but skidded staunchly（坚定地，忠实地）out of its driveway. Buses ground forward like Marines, determined to take the hill. And all the while, the baby sat secure and warm in his arms.He knew, of course, that she wouldnt remember any of this. For her there would be other snowfall

17、s to recall. But for him, it was her first. Their first. And the memory would stay, cold and hard, fresh in his thoughts, long after the snowman melted.第一场雪乔纳森尼古拉斯他还不大清楚是什么把他从睡梦中唤醒了，也许是孩子在梦里弄出的小声响吧，可当他悄悄从被子里探出头来，吸引他目光的不是摇篮，而是窗外。这会儿他才知道是什么悄然袭入他的梦乡，让他醒来，是他感觉到了窗外簌簌飘舞的雪。为了不吵醒孩子的母亲，他轻轻起来，一点点挪近小女儿的摇篮，俯身轻柔

18、地将暖融融的襁褓抱起，蹑手蹑脚地走出卧室。这时，他怀中的小宝宝睁开眼睛，扬起头，像往常一样，冲爸爸一笑，这笑总让爸爸感觉象服了灵丹妙药。他抱着小女儿往楼下走，小心翼翼地，惟恐弄出一点儿声响。他们在厨房的餐桌边站定。此时，他觉得心中那种成人的感觉溜得无影无踪了。现在是两个孩子，鼻子贴着窗玻璃看雪。街角路灯的光线透过白桦树，洒在地上，一片暗绿，仿佛在冬天枯黄的花园里投下了一抹夏日的记忆。远处红色交通灯的光不停地映照过来，红宝石一般闪烁着，如同姗姗来迟的黎明逗人地眨着眼睛。这会儿雪花越来越大，越下越密了，从窗前纷纷扬扬地飘过，像神秘的飞瀑。偶尔，有片雪花粘在窗玻璃上，似乎不甘心就此滑落的命运，但还是

19、慢慢地沿着玻璃下滑，融化了。它的美昙花一现，转瞬便消逝了。不到一小时，草坪上就像罩上了雪白的台布，远处幽暗的山峦也披上了一道道灰蒙蒙的曙色，父女俩看到新的一天缓缓地向四周蔓延开来。门廊的灯开了。车门“砰”地关上了。电视机闪亮起来。街对面，有家人开始忙碌了。可今天有点大不一样。透过未挂帘子的窗户，只见那家的几个孩子在几间房屋里来回跑动，瘦小的身影似乎变得越来越胖，最后，厨房门蓦地打开了，蹦出来三个包裹得圆圆滚滚的小东西，在雪地里打起滚来。他暗自诧异他们是从哪儿学来的这一招。即便是那个最小的孩子，按说这应该是他真正经历的第一场雪，可他似乎天生就知道在雪中该做些什么。那几个孩子在雪地里打滚，把雪放在

20、口中品尝，又攒起雪球打仗。他想，他们知道的玩法也许就这么多，不会什么都知道吧。可就在这时，那几个孩子已开始在山头堆起了雪人。待他们把雪人的鼻子做好，邻居们也全都醒了。一辆小车小心地“呜呜”向前开着，可还是直接滑出了车道。公共汽车缓慢地爬行，象准备夺取山头的海军陆战队队员。而这段时间，他的小宝宝一直暖暖地、安逸地躺在他的怀中。他知道，他的宝宝自然不会记住今天看到的一切。对他的宝宝来说，往后会有别的雪景让她去回忆；可对他来说，今天这场雪是他宝宝生命中的第一场雪，是他们共同经历的第一场雪。即使是那个雪人完全融化了，这场雪也会带着它的寒意，真真切切地长留在他的回忆中。Once More to the

21、Lake （1941）by E.B. White（ONE）One summer, along about 1904, my father rented a camp on a lake in Maine and took us all there for the month of August. We all got ringworm（癣）from some kittens（小猫）and had to rub（摩擦）Ponds Extract on our arms and legs night and morning, and my father rolled over in a canoe

22、 with all his clothes on; but outside of that the vacation was a success and from then on none of us ever thought there was any place in the world like that lake in Maine. We returned summer after summer-always on August 1st for one month. I have since become a salt-water（海水的）man, but sometimes in s

23、ummer there are days when the restlessness of the tides and the fearful cold of the sea water and the incessant（不断的，不停的）wind which blows across the afternoon and into the evening make me wish for the placidity（平静）of a lake in the woods. A few weeks ago this feeling got so strong I bought myself a co

24、uple of bass（鲈鱼）hooks and a spinner and returned to the lake where we used to go, for a weeks fishing and to revisit old haunts（栖息地，常去的地方）.I took along my son, who had never had any fresh water up his nose and who had seen lily pads（波纹细丝带）only from train windows. On the journey over to the lake I be

25、gan to wonder what it would be like. I wondered how time would have marred（损毁，损伤）this unique, this holy spot-the coves（小湾，小峡谷）and streams, the hills that the sun set behind, the camps and the paths behind the camps. I was sure that the tarred（涂了焦油的）road would have found it out and I wondered in what

26、 other ways it would be desolated. It is strange how much you can remember about places like that once you allow your mind to return into the grooves（细槽）which lead back. You remember one thing, and that suddenly reminds you of another thing. I guess I remembered clearest of all the early mornings, w

27、hen the lake was cool and motionless, remembered how the bedroom smelled of the lumber（木材，废物，隆隆声）it was made of and of the wet woods whose scent（气味，嗅觉，痕迹，观察能力）entered through the screen. The partitions（划分）in the camp were thin and did not extend clear to the top of the rooms, and as I was always the

28、 first up I would dress softly so as not to wake the others, and sneak out into the sweet outdoors and start out in the canoe, keeping close along the shore in the long shadows of the pines. I remembered being very careful never to rub my paddle against the gunwale（舷缘）for fear of disturbing the stillness of the c