在职研究生英语考试写作四大原则Word格式.docx

1、（一）内容切题在目前常见的作文题目中，内容切题一般包括两个方面。一是写作内容要围绕题目规定的话题展开。比如AFive dayWeek（五天工作制），文章的内容应围绕五天工作制进行论述，与其无关的内容，当以跑题论处，但此种现象并不多见。其二，在有些作文题中还包括提纲如：FireAccidentsinBigCitiesOutline：1.PresentSituation2.Causes3.Measures这种带提纲的作文题目不仅要求考生根据标题写作，而且要根据提纲规定的内容和范围展开各个段落，不能按自己的思路发挥。考生在这方面出的问题比较多。如1994年考研作文题是：OnMakingFriends

2、（论交友），其三段的提纲分别是：1.Theneedforfriends2.TrueFriendship3.Myprincipleinmakingfriends。第三段的提纲要求考生围绕我交友的原则进行议论，然而有个别考生在段中这样写道：Theformerparagraphhasshownmyprincipleinmakingfriendsinsomeway.Furthermore,whatIwanttosayisthatonegoodfriendisenough.该考生把应放在第三段中论述的内容写在第二段中，第三段就没内容可写了。这类命题作文要求考生按规定和要求写作，不能按自己的想法随意更改，

3、写上段作文的考生不仅第三段没有扣题，第二段也没有做到内容切题。一篇内容切题的作文应能既围绕题目，又能在各段扣准提纲，才真正符合内容切题的要求。下面这一段是另一学生的作文，都是第三段，内容切题，恰当地扣住我交友的原则的写作要求：WhenIchoosefriends,Idonotcarewhatworktheydoorwhatsocialbackgroundtheyarefrom,butIdonoticethoselittlethingswhichrevealonescharacters.Iwouldmakesurethatwereallycareforeachother,sothatnomatt

4、erhowmuchtimegoesbywithoutseeingeachother,Iknowmyfriendswillalwaysbethere,readytohelpifIneedthem,AndIknowwearetruefriends（二）能正确地表达思想一篇好短文能使读者一目了然。文章的思路应清楚，逻辑性强，能准确表达作者的思想。请对比下面两段：Haveyouabike?Takingabikeisagoodway,mostpeoplethink.Butinuniversityitseemsnotasgoodasotherplaces.Bikesarepossibletobestole

5、nnowandthen.Havingabikeisntalwaysgoodenoughforustobuyone.上段作者的思路紊乱不清，字里行间不仅有许多语病，而且也没能把思想表达清楚。读后仍不知作者在表达什么思想、观点，因而这样的段落只能得0分。请看下段：ItisveryconvenienttousebikesinChina.Bikesdonneedfuel,noragarageoralargeparkinglot.Bikescangothroughnarrowstreetsandtheirpricesarelow.SobikesarethemostpopularvehiclesinChi

6、natoday.上段的作者以其简单的词汇、简洁的语言、清楚的思路正确地表达了思想，使读者观后能即刻领会作者的思想。要能正确地表达思想，考生还应掌握一些写作技巧，如写好段落主题句，展开段落的方法，写好段尾句等。此外还应掌握一定的词汇量和习惯表达法。（三）意义连贯文章的层次要分明，条理要清楚，上下文之间、词与词、句与句之间要上下连贯，前后呼应，才能使文章结构严谨，思路清晰、有条理。下面这个段落是一篇文章的第三段。文章的标题是：GoodHealth；提纲是1.Importanceofgoodhealth；2.Waystokeepfit；3.Myownpractice。根据第三段的提纲我的做法，一个考

7、生这样写：Idonteatmeatmuch.EverymorningItakethelongrunandinmysparetimeIlikeplayingtennisandvolleyball.InthiswayIkeepgoodhealthandleadahappylife.上段基本切题，包括提纲要点，表达也基本清楚，但是表达不够连贯。第一句话让人读起来感觉有些突然，分析第一句，作者没有把意思表达清楚，作者我吃肉不多一定含有这样的意思：我饮食素淡，吃蔬菜水果多，吃肉少。如果能把这层意思写出来，文章的连贯性也就体现出来了。作者的第二句是从体育锻炼方面来表明自己是如何保持健康的，这应是本段中的又

8、一层意思，在这里如能加一个过渡词，会使文章过渡自然流畅。请看下面经过修改的段落：Asforme（1），IenjoyagoodhealthasIkeepasimpledietwithmorevegetabl es,fruitandlessmeat.Moreover,IdosomeexerciseswheneverIhavetimesuchaslongdistancerunning,playingtennisorvolleyball.Asaresult（2），Ihavebeenatopstudentallthroughthefouryearsintheuniversity.Sogoodhealth

9、isimportanttoeveryone（3）.（1）发挥了承上启下的作用，没有这样一个介词短语，从第二段过渡到第三段就会显得生硬一些。（2）也起到了连贯作用，在上述两方面保持健康的方法介绍完后，应该进一步写出所产生的结果，这结果就是对全段的总结概括。（3）对文章的标题及开头起了首尾呼应的作用。（四）无重大语法错误重大语法错误一般指时态不一致、主语谓语单复数形式不一致、用词不当等，这些问题的存在说明考生在平时的英语学习中很少练习写作，有人甚至从没写过作文，因而出现各种各样语法错误是可以理解的。考生应在考前多进行这方面的训练，一些语法错误在实践中是可以纠正过来的。下面举几例常见错误。病句及其分

10、析：1.Socollegeprovidethebestconditionforstudents.此句的主谓语不一致。因为句子的意思是泛指大学为学生提供了最好的学习环境，这里的主语college应变为复数。这类错误极为常见。2.GoingtocollegedoesnotfollowedthatWellhaveasplendidfuture.此句的主语是现在分词短语，全句的意思是：上大学并不表示我们的未来就一定会光辉灿烂。doesnot后应跟动词原型follow。2012年在职研究生英语考试模拟试题（二）Section A Dialogue CompletionDirection: In this

11、 section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scori

12、ng ANSWER SHEET.1. A: Have you had the brakes and tires checked? And do you have enough money?B: _A. No. Im going to buy some brakes and tires.B. Ive taken care of everything and Im sure its going to be a wonderful trip.C. Ill buy some travelers checks for my trip.D. I have finished the brakes and t

13、ires and I have no problem with money.2. A: How did your interview go?A. Well, I couldnt agree with you more.B. I couldnt feel any better about it. The questions were very fair and I seemed to find answers for all of them.C. Every coin has two sides. Im not quite sure.D. As luck would have it, I got

14、 the job.3. A: Take a seat, Mr. Brown. Could you tell me which position you think most appeals to you?A. Well, Im easy-going and have many personal interests.B. Im strong-willed and determined.C. I prefer to take the post of sales manager if you think Im qualified.D. I dont quite care whatever is of

15、fered to me.4. A: Billy, have you heard the latest news? It appears that we wont be laid off after all.A. Congratulations. We are going to get promoted.B. Great. We are going to have a new job.C. Oh, somehow Im tired of working here anyway.D. Really. We are not going to resign from our post.5. A: Hi

16、, Jane. Do you have any change? I have to make a call on the pay phone.A. Speaking please. I can pay for your call.B. What? You want to borrow some money to buy a phone?C. No change at all. Are you calling from a pay phone?D. Pay phone? Why not use my mobile phone?Section BDirections: In this sectio

17、n, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the squar

18、e brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.6. M: Is the rescue crew still looking for survivors of the plane crash?W: Yes, they have been searching the area for hours, but they havent found anybody else. Theyll keep searching until night falls.Q: What does the woman mean?A. All the passengers w

19、ere killed.B. The plane crashed at night.C. No more survivors have been found.D. Its too late to search for survivors.7. M: How many students passed the final physics exam in your class? Forty. But still as many as 20 per cent of the class failed. Quite disappointing. What does the woman think of th

20、e exam?A. Its results were just as expected.B. It wasnt very well designed.C. It fully reflected the students ability.D. Its results fell short of her expectations.8. M: Lots of people enjoy dancing, do you? Believe it or not, thats the last thing Id even want to do.A. She believes dancing is enjoya

21、ble.B. She definitely does not like dancing.C. She admires those who can dance.D. She wont dance until she has finished her job.9. M: What are we supposed to submit our project proposals? They are due by the end of the week. Weve only two days left. We have to hurry.A. The deadline is drawing near.B

22、. She cant meet the deadline.C. She turned in the proposals today.D. There are two days ahead of time.10. M: How do you like the car I bought? Well, it seems to run well. But I think it needs a new paint job.A. It looks quite new.B. It needs to be repaired.C. It looks old but it runs well.D. Its engine needs to be painted.参考答案：1. B 2 B 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. C