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高考名词性从句详细讲解与练习Word文件下载.docx

1、有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:(1)It + be + 名词 + that从句1. 是什么引起了那场火灾还是一个迷(mystery)It is still a mystery (what caused the fire). 2. 照顾好孩子是你的责任(responsibility)It is your responsibility (to take care of the children).3. 你对我有感觉是我莫大的荣幸(honor)It is a great honor (t

2、hat you have feelings for me). (2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句1. 你能在这儿陪我真好 (wonderful) It is wonderful (that you are here with me). 2. 你能在这里陪我真是难以置信啊(unbelievable)It is unbelievable (that you are here with me). 3. 你在这里陪我是必须的 (necessary)It is necessary (that you are here with me). (3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + th

3、at从句1. 大家都知道你很棒 It is known to all(that you are awesome). 2. 大家都认为你们不会在一起 It is thought(that you will not be together). 3. 据报道称世界末日不会来 It is reported(that the world will not end). (4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句1. 几天后气温可能会上升It looks like the temperature will rise a few days later2. 看起来天将要下雨了It seems that it

4、 is going to rain.注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应、如此等强烈的感情或语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中有以下几种情况:1.在句型 It is important (necessary, strange, impossible, natural) that . 中,that后面的从句中的谓语动词用:(should) + 动词原形. 如:Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步.s natural that she should do so.

5、 她这样做是很自然的.s important that we should take good care of the patient.重要的是我们要照顾好病人.2.在句型It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, better) that . 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: (should) + 动词原形. 如:It was a great pity that you (should) have made so many mistakes in your math exercise. 太遗憾了,你居然在数学练习中犯了那么多错误It will be bette

6、r that she stay with her grandmother.她和她的祖母在一起就好了.3.在句型It is suggested (requested, proposed, ordered) that . 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用:It was suggested that the sports meet be put off until next Saturday.大家建议把运动会推迟到下星期六.It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.希望我们到今晚将一切准备就绪.It was o

7、rdered that the medicine be sent there by plane.命令马上用飞机把药送往那里.名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如果从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。1.1. He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。1.2.

8、We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。(1) I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。(2) The commander ordered

9、 that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。2.1. I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。2.2. She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。2.3. She will

10、 give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。3. 由whether, if 引导的宾语从句由whether, if引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句: (1) 在带to的不定式前例句:We decided whether to walk there.(2) 在介词的后面Im thinking of whether we

11、should go to see the film.(3) 在动词后面的宾语从句时We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week(4) 直接与or not连用时I cant say whether or not thet can come on time.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句(1) if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.(2) if引导否定概念的宾语从句时He asked if I didnt come to scho

12、ol yesterday.(3) 引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时He talks as if he has known all about it.4. 注意: 宾语从句中的时态呼应(1)当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。1. I know (that) he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在时)2. I know (that) he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时)3. I know (that) he will study English next year.

13、(从句用一般将来时)4. I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)(2)主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。1. She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time.(3)当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。1. The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.5. think, believe, imagine, suppos

14、e等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。(一)概念: 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句。放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等1. The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。2. That is why stone walls are

15、 used instead of fences around New England fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。3. At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。(二)引导表语从句的词:从属连词that、whether、as though、 as if because 连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等;连接

16、副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。1、由从属连词that,whether引导的表语从句。that在引导表语从句时无词义,而whether有词义,意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question(问题),trouble(麻烦),problem(问题),result(结果),chance(可能性),suggestion(建议),idea(想法),reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释,使主语的内容具体化。1.1. The trouble is (that) she has lost his

17、 money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。1.2. The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。1.3. The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。1.4. What she couldnt understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。2、由关系代词引导的表语从句。

18、关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语,关系代词不能省略。例如2.1. The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。2.2. The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。2.3. Thats what we should do.那是我们应该做的。3、由关系副词引导的表语从句。关系副词 when, where, how, why 除在句子起连

19、接作用外,在从句中还充当时间,地点,方式或原因状语,本身具有词义。3.1. Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。3.2. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. Thats why I got wet through. 我们既没伞也没雨衣,这是我们淋湿的原因。3. 3. That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。3.4. That is what he is wo

20、rried about.那就是他所担心的。4、由连词because,as if/as though等引导的表语从句。4.1. It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。4.2. Thats because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。4.3. It seems as if he didnt know the answer.好像他不知道答案。注意:A. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right:

21、The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.B. 不可以用if,而用whether 连接表语从句 (as if 例外)。False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. It looked as if he had understood this question.C.不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。 The q

22、uestion is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow. The question is why he cried yesterday.D. that在表语从句中不可以省掉。What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语, that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分,不能省略)五、同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。在使用同位语从句时,应注意以下五个方面:一、同位语从句在句中的位

23、置1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。1.1. Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。1.2. IvecomefromMrWangwithamessagehewontbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午不能来看你了。2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名

24、词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。2.1. Thethoughtcamehermaybesheleftdooropenwhenhome.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。2.2. ThestorygoesfailedinCollegeEntranceExaminationsagain.据说他高考又落榜了。二、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。1. WheredidgetideaIcouldnotcome?你在哪儿听说我不能来?2. Givemeyourpromisewillpartyevening.答应我,

25、你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。3. WordChinalauncheditsfirstmannedspaceshiponOct15,2003.消息传来,中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。三、同位语从句连接词的选用在英语中,引导同位语从句的词通常有连词(that,who,whether),连接副词(how,when,where)等。1. Theywereverymuchworriedoverfactsick.对你生病这件事,他们都很焦虑。2. Thequestionwhoshoulddoworkrequiresconsideration.谁该做这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。3.

26、Wehavenyetsettledwherewearegoingspendsummervacation.我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接;在nodoubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。1. Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletetasktime.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。2. ThereisnoZhangWeikeephispromise.我们相信张卫会守信的。同位语从句:That有些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句:decisionmustactatonce.我们做出决定:我们必须立即行动。2. Hemadeproposalmeetingpostpone.他提议会议延期。3. Therewaslittlehopewouldsurvive.他幸存的希望很小。以下名词常用于以上句型:advice,announcement,argument,belief,claim,conclusion,decision,evidence,explanation,fact,feeling,hope,idea,impression,information,knowledge,message,news,opinion,order,probabi

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