大学英语四级阅读理解附答案解析Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、篇章后附有10个句子，每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落，要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。）Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a pa

2、ragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How to Make Peace with Your WorkloadA Swamped （忙碌的）,under the gun, just struggling to stay above water.; whatever office cliche you employ to depict it, weve all

3、 been in that situation where we feel like we might be swallowed up by our workload. Nonetheless many a way may be used to manage your to-do list to prevent feeling overwhelmed. How to make peace with your workload once and for all goes as follows.B Get organized. “Clear the deadwood out of your des

4、k and keep your office in shape, which enhances your capability to handle other tasks and raises the probability that youll retrieve the items you do need in a faster and easier fashion,” says Jeff Davidson who works as a work/life expert and writer of more than 50 books on workplace issues. “When s

5、omething can be disposed, let it go, given in reality most of what you retain is replaceable.” Joel Rudy, vice president of operations for Photographic Solutions, with better than thirty years of business management experience, believes that keeping organized is a must. “ Messy work areas are nonpro

6、ductive in some measure. Provided that you cant locate a document or report easily because its lost in a pile of mess, then you have a problematic situation,” he says. “Thereby you are supposed to take the time to tidy up your work areas and keep your important files, manuals and reports in an acces

7、sible location, which will maximize your efficiencies.”C Make a to-do list, then cover it up. It may sound weird, but it works, says Jessica Carlson, an account executive at Bluefish Design Studio which is an advertising consulting firm. Carlson urges her team to utilize to-do lists to stay on track

8、 and highlight items that are a priority. “Cover up the list, with the exception of one high-priority task at one time,” she suggests. “This will allow you to focus better on the task at hand; otherwise, it will be easy to get overwhelmed if youre reading through a to-do list that spans an entire pa

9、ge. Concentrating on a single item will make your tasks appear like they are more doable,” Carlson says.D Stop multitasking. Despite what you may consider multitasking, its counterproductive. Unless youre drinking coffee while scanning your morning e-mails, youre not saving any time by attempting to

10、 do ten things at once. “If you find yourself getting tangled in too many things, it may be of much necessity of you to re-evaluate your involvement,” Rudy says. “Your mind will wander from one topic to another and you may end up never accomplishing a thing.” Rudy recommends the best way to stop mul

11、titasking is to create priority lists with deadlines. “When applicable, complete one project before you move further on to the next one,” he says.E Set time limits. Deborah Chaddock-Brown, a work-at-home single parent, says shes frequently overwhelmed by the demands of maintaining order in her resid

12、ence and running her own business. Still, she manages to “do it all” by setting a time limit for each task. “I have the type of personality that flits （轻轻地掠过）from thing to thing because I do have so much on my plate,” Brown says. “As a consequence I assign time slots: For the next 15 minutes I will

13、participate in social media for the purpose of marketing my business （not sending photos or playing Farmville） and that is the only thing I am about to do for the next 15 minutes. When the time is up, I move on to the next task. That way, at night I dont end up with a pile of tasks to accomplish eve

14、n though I felt busy all day.”F Talk to your manager. “Quite often, people are working on things that are no longer a top priority, but someone forgot to tell them （that theyre no longer important）. There are usually clear priorities in the managers head; he or she has just not done a great job comm

15、unicating those with the employee,” says Holly Green, CEO of The Human Factor. Greens suggestion unfolds in this manner: “If you find yourself confronted with too many responsibilities, sit down, note the significant things you are in charge of, and go to your manager to have a conversation to discu

16、ss priorities, trade-offs, time commitments and interdependencies required to do each thing well, and then ask what you should stop working on or work on less so you can get the right things done.” Green says managers should be willing to help sort out priorities, so long as employees have a can-do

17、approach and arent just complaining about their workload.G Eliminate time wasters. “If interruptions are keeping you from your responsibilities, learn how to deal with them accordingly,” says Eileen Roth, author of Organizing for Dummies. Roth proposes the following suggestions to combat disruptions

18、: “Use voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions, turn off the alert that says Youve got an e-mail; and give staff members a set time to visit you.” Justin Gramm, president of Globella Buyers Realty, exemplifies Roths point. “E-mail had been a big time waster for me in the past because it wa

19、s a constant interruption, causing me to lose focus on the task at hand,” he says. Since determined to check his e-mails only twice a day, Gramm says he has become much more efficient. “If people want to get more work done, they need to stop checking e-mails and get down to business,” he says.H Asse

20、ss your workload before taking on new tasks. “The paradox of todays work environment is that the more you do, the more thats expected of you,” Davidson says. In order to better assess your workload, Davidson suggests asking yourself the following questions before agreeing to undertake new responsibi

21、lities: Is the task aligned （使一致）with your priorities and goals; Are you likely to be as prone to saying yes to such a request tomorrow or next week; What else could you do that would be more rewarding; What other pressing tasks and responsibilities are you likely to face; Does the other party have

22、options other than you; Will he or she be crushed if you say no?I Want to know more? Most of our experts recommended books for additional tips on how to maximize efficiency, but one book was mentioned time and again. Check out The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.46. “The more you do, the mor

23、e you are expected to do” has been a paradox in todays work environment.47. As long as employees have a can-do attitude and do not just complain about their workload, the managers would like to help them decide what to do first.48. As a single parent, Deborah Chaddock-Brown finds it difficult to mak

24、e a balance between business and housework.49. There are many useful methods of preventing people from feeling overwhelmed by workload.50. Messy work areas are nonproductive to some extent, so you are supposed to keep your work areas tidy and important files at hand.51. To know more about how to max

25、imize efficiency, The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People is recommended.52. In Organizing for Dummies, using voice mail to cut down on telephone interruptions and turning off the e-mail notice are suggested in combating interruptions.53. According to Rudy, the best way to stop multitasking is t

26、o make a list of priorities and set deadlines for each task.54. Focusing on a single matter will make your tasks appear more possible to be done.55. In fact, most of what people retain is substitutable, so dispose the things that are disposable.练习2 In this section, you are going to read a passage wi

27、th ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding lett

28、er on Answer Sheet 2.Universities Branch OutA As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the tale

29、nt required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.B In respon

30、se to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more selfconsciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of stud

31、y that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative （合作的）research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.C Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The revers