代词 Melody修改版Word下载.docx

1、ititsitself他们theythemtheirtheirsthemselves1.改错题中2.语法填空中一、 代词的概念概念: 代词是代替名词的词以及起名词作用的词、短语或句子的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能1.人称代词人称代词使用口诀：人称代词主宾格，作用不同莫用错。主格动词前做主，动词介词后宾格。you 和it 主宾同，其他主宾须分清。人称代词并列现，尊重他人理当先。单数人称二三一，复数人称一二三。若把错误责任担，第一人称我靠前。人称代词：是表示我、你他

2、她它我们你们他们的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。 单数复数第一人称I 第二人称第三人称she 练习：主格动词前做主我来自中国。 我们是好朋友。 动词介词后宾格让我来帮你。他怎么了？单数人称二三一我，你和她都是好朋友。复数人称一二三我们，你们和他们都喜欢音乐。若把错误责任担，第一人称我靠前我和他犯了错误。be动词（am, is, are）用法口诀：我（ I ）用am，你（you）用are，is连着他（he），她（she），它（it）；单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。变否定，更容易， be后not莫忘记。疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。我叫李华。你来自哪里呢

3、？Lily是美国人。她不是中国人。Tom是学生吗？ -不是，他是我们的数学老师。人称代词使用注意：1.当说话者不清楚或没必要清楚对象的性别时，可以用It表示。Its a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?2.人称代词也可用作为名词。Its not a she; its a he.3.没有谓语的句子中，人称代词常用宾格-Glad to meet you!-Me, too.4.代词（they不分性别）指代已经提过的一些人或事The Browns phoned. Theyre coming round this evening.5.在句中做表语，常用宾格，但有时用

4、主格。-Who is it ?-Its .who told him about it. 是我告诉他这件事的。2.物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。物主代词第一人称（单）我的我的东西（复）我们的我们的东西第二人称（单）你的你的东西你们的你们的东西第三人称（单）他的他的东西她的她的东西它的它的东西他们的他们的东西物主代词用法口诀物主代词分形、名，形式用法各不同；形容词性先出场，我的my 你的your, 男的his 女的her, 它的its 不加撇。我们的our, 他们的their, 别忘记！物主代词形变名，多数词尾加s.my变mine须分

5、明，his 和its 是本身。形跟名词，名不跟，用法牢记不会错。1 我喜欢他的小汽车。我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。3. 反身代词表示我自己你自己他自己我们自己你们自己和他们自己等的代词，也称自身代词。反身代词用法1.作动词或介词的宾语：经常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse, behave，blame, bathe, dry, cut等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。我们昨晚玩得很开心。她在自学英语。请你随便吃点鱼。那个时候我不能打扮我自己。她自言自语。他独自住在乡下。2.作主

6、语或宾语的同位语：主要起加强语气的作用，译作“亲自，本身，本人”。这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗?这工作本身很容易。你见过王先生本人吗？3.作表语：在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常。今天我感觉不舒服。I am feelingmyselfagain. 4.用于一些简短的会话用语或固定说法中。enjoy oneself for oneself hurt oneself dress oneself teach oneself say to oneself Help yourself!请随便吃吧！/请自己去取吧!Make yourself at home!别

7、客气！Dont upset yourself!别自寻烦恼Make yourself heard /understood.使你的话被人听得见/理解。for oneself为自己注意：1.在不强调的情况下，but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。No one but myself（me）is hurt.2.a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。Myself drove the car.（ ）I myself drove the car.（ ）b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。Charles and

8、 myself saw it. （ ）4.不定代词不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。常见的不定代词有each，every, many, much，little, few, either, neither, another, other, some, any ,a11，both,one, no，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如something, anything,e verything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none,everybody, everyone.等。口诀：不定代每

9、个或多或少，其他一些都没复合。（1）【every与each】意义强调词性功能every3个或以上中的一个形容词定语each2个或以上中的一个形容词、代词、副词主语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语1 every 强调全体的概念， each强调个体概念。_ student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。_student may have one book.每个学生都可有一本书。every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。_ boy has to take one. 每个男孩必须取一个。_ boy has to take one. _ of

10、the boys has to take one. 2 every只能做定语修饰名词；each可用作主语、宾语、同位语、状语。We went there every one of us. （ ）Each of the rooms has its own style. （ ）He handled each of them a book. （ ）We each have different needs and interests. （ ）He sold his book at sixteen yuan each. （ ）every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等； each

11、没有。every 与not 连用，表示部分否定； each 和not连用表示全部否定。例如：Every man is not honest._Each man is not honest._（2）【many与 much， few 与little, a few 与 a little】多少（否定）少（肯定）复数名词many不可数名词much How_ people are there at the meeting? 多少人出席了会议。How_time has we left? 还剩多少时间？_ of the workers were at the meeting.许多工人在开会。_ of the

12、time was spent on learning.学习上化了许多时间。Many books _ sold.Many a book _sold. 卖出了许多书。翻译：He has a few friends. He has few friends. We still have a little time. There is little time left. 固定搭配：only a few （=few） not a few （=many）quite a few （=many） many a （=many）。（3）【either 与eitheror neither与neithernor】做主做

13、定副词做状连词主谓一致：就近原则连词否定式either也不 否定句末eitheror. 或者或者neithernorneither 两者都不反：both既非这个也非那个neithernor既不也不both andEither of the knives is useful.Neither of them was in good health but both worked very hard.You may use either book.Neither answer is right.如果她不去那里，我也不去。If she wont go there，I wont, .-我不喜欢Tom。-我

14、也不喜欢他。I dont like Tom.neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语He doesnt go to school by bike. Neither do I .Nor do I .那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢奶酪。明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。或者我父母或者Lucy 明天要来学校。Neither of the books _ good. （is/are）Neither you nor he _ wrong. （is/are）neither（of）和either（of）表单数概念，作主语时谓语用 （4）【other, others, th

15、e other, the others, another】不定代词用法说明other只作定+复名/不可数名另外的若前面有the，this，that，some，any，each，every，no，one及my，your，his等时，+单数名词others 泛指不可作定泛指别的人或物（但不是全部）some.others.the other特指可作定+名词两者中的另一个onethe other一个另一个作定语修饰复数名词时，表示另一方中的“全部其余的”the others特指其余的人或物somethe othersanother泛指三者以上中的任何一个，另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作代词或

16、形容词1.other +名词= others2.another + 单数名词（another student）3.another+ 基数词+名词复数=基数词+other/more+名词复数另外两天 Some are singing and dancing, some are drawing,_ are climbing.I dont want this one. Please give me _.She has two children. One is a boy, _ is a girl.Here are 55 students in our class. Thirty of us are

17、girls. _ are boys.He study Chinese, maths, English and _ lessons.真题：（2010）Ill spend half of my holiday practising English and _ half learning drawing.我准备把我假日时间的一半用来练习英语，另一半时间学习绘画。（2013）You are a team star！Working with _ is really your cup of tea.你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。（5）【some, any】有些常规用法特殊some肯定句 单

18、名前：表单一疑问句：表请求并希望对方给予肯定回答any肯定句：表示任何我有一些朋友。3 -教室里有学生吗？-不，没有。Smith went to some place in England.（定语）Would you like some bananas?（邀请） Any day is okay for me. （6）【both, all, neither, none, either, any】都都不任何二者neither三者或三者以上allnone_（所有）horses are animals, but not _（所有）animals are horses.r. Alcott refused

19、 to accept_（任何）of the three suggestions made by the students Union. here are many trees on _ side（=both sides）of the street._（都不）of the two cars is mine.All of the students are there. 所有的学生都在那。All （of） the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。（7）【none, no one, nobody, nothing 】人、物谓可单可复-how many/much?Nobody（no on

20、e）人谓单-who?nothing物-what?- How many of you have been to the Great Wall? - _.- Who knows the answer to this question?- What are you doing now? - _. Cities have theaters, museums and big sporting events, but small towns have _.（8）【some/any/no/every+body/thing/one 】bodythingonenoDo you have _ special to

21、 tell me today? （something/ anything） Listen to me, boys and girls. I have _ to tell you. （something/ anything） Xiaoming, he has _to tell you . A. something important B. important something（2010福建高考）When you introduce me to Mr Johnson，could you please say_ for me?当你向约翰逊先生介绍我时，请为我说句好话，行吗？5.指示代词表示“这个、

22、那个、这些、那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this, that, these, those, it, one, ones，such, same等。（1） 【 this, that, these, those, such, same】代词、限定词意思距离特殊用法this这个较近可代替句子或句中的一部分。He was ill. Thats why he didnt come. that那个较远可代替前面提到的名词 that ofThe weather of Kunming is better than that（=the weather）of Beijing. He broke the win

23、dow，and that cost him 10dollars. these这些those那些可代替前面提到的名词 those of Her interests are different from those（=the interests）of her childhood. 1 这个女孩是玛丽。这是玛丽。2 Those men are my teachers.（ ）Those are my teachers.（ ）3 That is a good idea. （ ）4 What I want is that（this）. （ ）5 You like this but I like that.

24、 （ ）6 What is the use of those books？（ ）7 Such is our trip plan. （ ）8 I like such sports as basketball and swimming. （ ）9 She wants the book and I want the same. （ ）10 We were born on the same day. （ ）（2） 【it, one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those】例句特指单名表同一个事物Yesterday, I bought a football, but

25、now I cant find it. 泛指已现单名表同类但不同一物There are many TV sets in the store; Would you like to take one?ones泛指已现复名代替复数名词用onesI dont like green apples; I like red ones.the one特指已现单名Our new house is more beautiful than the one we had before.the ones特指已现复名Id like to try on those shoes，the ones at the frontof the window. 特指已现单名或不可名表同类但不同物The boy told me his story and that of his sisters.有时可代替the ones（特别是后有后置定语）表同类不同物，指代复数名词，表特指The books on the desk are better than those under the desk I lost my pen yesterday