高考英语 考前指导 各个题型Word格式.docx

1、在这个过程中，原文涉及的大部分细节内容对于完成题目是无意义的，无需字斟句酌。只有在阅读中准确把握题干的关键词，才能区分哪些字句与题目（答题点）有关。所谓“关键词”是指题干中的核心词或者决定答案性质或位置的词。典型的关键词是句子的主干、人名、地名、时间、数字和生词。由于它们会在原文重现，因此产生了一种答题方法：回原文找关键词。这往往给考生一种印象：只要在题干中划出关键词就一定能找到原词。那么关键词一定会“原型”重现吗?请看下面例句：原文：While it is acknowledged for many years that an increasing number of animals are

2、 bound to become extinct，it is only recently that the problem has been addressed by politicians题目选项：We have known for a long time that more species of animals will disappear（正确答案）分析：题目中的每一个句子成分都“长得”与原文不同，可是表达的含义却一致。我们把句子拆分观察：（1）While it is acknowledged for many years that = （1）We have known for a lo

3、ng time that（2）an increasing number of animals=（2）more species of animals（3）are bound to become extinct=（3）will disappear1 是1的同意表达；2 是2的同意表达；3 是3的同意表达；因此，1+2+3=1+2+3这是我们处理细节题的具体操作方法。由上例可见，机械地用某个字回原文定位有时是徒劳的，换句话说关键词的重现并不是我们想像的“原词重现”。根据笔者经验，关键词重现分成3类AA语言重现、AA语言重现和关系重现。2.高考主旨大意题解题技巧这类题主要是测试学生对一篇或一段字的深层

4、理解程度及在速读中准确把握主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。常见的设题方式有：（1） Which of the following best describes the main point of the passage?（2） What is the writer trying to tell us?（3） Which of the following is the best title for the passage?（4） The purpose of the passage is. （5） The main （general） idea of the pa

5、ssage is.（6） The passage is mainly about _. （7） What is mainly discussed in the passage?这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，一些一开头便展示出的中心思想，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，也有一些的中心思想贯穿全，并没有用一句话明确表达出，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头, 首先点明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。 做这类题，首先要找出的主题句。找出的主题句，也就明确了要讲什么，再通读全文，就可以把握的中心思想了。主题句在

6、整个语段中起着通领全段的作用，其它句子都是用阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的。其位置一般位于段首，也见于段尾或段中。另外在许多段中，设有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。 这就需要进一步加工概括了。第一招划出主题句和关键词 在说明和议论时，根据其篇特点我们可以通过寻找短的主题句归纳出的主题。主题句在中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法。浏览时，一般

7、不需逐句浏览，只需选读的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句。重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。 有些的主题句或者说“眼”出现在的最后，此类往往以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点，或者引用某个人的话印证自己的观点，以此归纳的主旨大意，所以有时要找出这样的信息，从中提炼标题或归纳大意。第二招抓住段落大意，概括中心思想 寻找整篇的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是的中心思想。在这个过程中，考生们不能只依据只言片语，或光看的某一些段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解的重点，考虑中材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么中心安排的。最后用简明扼要的字

8、将的中心思想表达出。第三招抓住主线和关键词语，归纳中心要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的，就需要自己根据的细节分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该题型提问的形式主要有三类：Main Idea型1首先要找出的主题句（Topic Sentence），即中心思想，其他句子则为支撑句或扩展句（Developing Details），是用阐述、解释、支持或发展主题句所表达的主题思想的。2在许多段中，没有可以概括全段意义的主题句，必须根据中所提供的事实细节，进行全面分析

9、，然后归纳成一般概念。但必须注意：既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。Topic/Title型在阅读理解的命题中，有时要求确定相应的标题，以考查考生对全中心思想的理解。 1首先要把握好大意，不能把某一段的大意看做是整篇的大意，更不能把细节看成是大意，以防标题的片面性。2注意的体裁及意图。根据不同体裁，结合叙述的过程、说明的用途、议论的主题等，从而正确地确定标题。3注意标题本身的句法和语法特征：一是要言简意赅，引人注目；二是要利用省略等修辞手段，尽量使标题句法结构正确。Purpose and Attitude型命题中常结合考生对的理解，考查对写作目的和作者态度的理解。The pa

10、ssage is meant to _. The purpose of this article is _. The authors attitude towardis best described as one of _. 需要通过细节支撑的思想和大意，而作者正是通过这些思想和大意体现其态度、观点和目的。因此，领会的态度、观点和目的与全文的主旨大意是密不可分的。3.高考推理判断解题技巧提问方式： 1） It can be inferred/ concluded from the passage that_.2） According to the passage, _.3） We learn

11、from the passage that _.4） The passage impliesthat_. 5） Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?6） The writer suggests that_. 7） From the text we know that _.8） Whats the authors attitude toward?9） The author uses the examples of. to show that_. 10） The authors purpose of writing thi

12、s passage is _.常用词汇：Infer, imply, suggest, conclude, indicate, appear.此类试题的提问中可能会出现情态动词：can, could, would, might或副词probably, most likely。做题策略：推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。1. 要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实为依据，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索。2. 把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，推敲文中人物的性格，品质，处事态度和行为动机等，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。3. 不能

13、断章取义，以偏概全；不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测；更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点典型题型：【例题1】 因果推断The entertainment profession or “show business attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a g

14、ood manager,a performer can never hope to succeed.Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes oldfashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must changehis “act in order to follow the taste of the moment. This is true for a

15、ctors, dancers and comedians,but perhaps most of all singers. “Pop stands for “popular and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded,

16、and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity.The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everythin

17、g he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans.The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so

18、 hysterical that they do anything to get a “souvenir. They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singers hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any

19、 rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And most important he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public . 1. Why must a pop singer have a good manager?A. To protect him from his fans B. To look after his business interests C. To help him to change his “act” D .So that he can rela

20、x2. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous?A. Because he wants to attract the attention of the public B. Because he wants to sell more records C. Because he wants to become popular D. Because he wants to stay popular 【例题2】- 弦外之音A well-known old man was being interviewed and

21、 was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his 99th birthday, “Thats right, said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I havent an enemy in the world. They re all dead.“Well sir,” said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honor of interviewing you on your hundredth birthda

22、y.The old man looks at the young man closely, and said, “I cant see why you shouldnt. You look fit and healthy to me!” 1. What kind of man would you say the old man was?A. He was silly. B. He was unpleasant. C. He was very proud and sure of his health. D. He was very impolite to young people. 【例题3】

23、- 预测话题We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, date processingand solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day. More a

24、nd cleverer computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us. However 1. Which of the following

25、 statements is most likely to be talked about inthe third paragraph?A. Computers will soon stop developing. B. Computers are as clever as man. C. Many people like computers very much. D.I dont think computers will replace us completely.【例题4】 写作意图Imagine that the genome is a book. The book consists o

26、f 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 5,000 volumes the size of this book, or as long as 800 Bibles. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second

27、for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danube. 1. The real purpose of the authors comparison of the genome to a book is_. A. to focus on the differences between the two B. to lay emphasis on

28、 the similarities between the two C. to simplify the concept of the human genome D. to give an exact description of the human genome【例题5】- 作者态度 Now and again I have had horrible dreams, but not enough of them make me lose my delight in dreams. Most people do not seem to accept dreaming as part of th

29、eir lives. They appear to see it as an annoying little habit, like sneezing. Ican never understand it. My dream life does not seem as important as my waking life because there is far less of it, but to me it is important. 1. What is the authors attitude toward dreaming? A. He likes it. B. He thinks it puzzling C. He used to like it. D. He dislikes it. 1. BD 2.