2名词性从句文档格式.docx

1、that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if （whether）, as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。II 主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。 Who will go is not importa

2、nt. 2、主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡, 避免头重脚轻, 常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面。 It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not. 3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。 That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.III 表语从句 1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。 The question was who could go there. 2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。 My idea is （that） w

3、e can get more comrades to help in the work.注意：1.当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .2.在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用should+动词原形表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, insistence, plan, idea等。My sugg

4、estion is that we （should） start early tomorrow. His proposal was that they （should ） challenge the other classes to afriendly competitionIV 宾语从句 1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。 I hope （that） everything is all right. 2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。 Im interested in whether youve fini

5、shed the work. Im interested in what youve said.3、用it作形式宾语的情况：常用it来作形式宾语，把真正的宾语从句放在句末，这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.4. 关于that的省略:一般情况下，宾语从句中的that是可以省略的。但在下列几种情况下，that一般不可省略。介词后面的that不能省。Pter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless. 并列连词

6、and连接两个或两个以上宾语从句，and前面的that可以省略， and的后面的that不能省略。Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.5、宾语从句的否定转移: 在think, consider, believe, suppose, expect, fancy等动词,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。I dont think we need waste much time on it. 我想我们不必在这上面花太多时间We didnt think wed be this late. 我们没想到我们会

7、到得这么晚。I dont suppose Ill trouble you again. 我想我不要再麻烦你了。6、含有宾语从句复合句的反意疑问句在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，附加问句一般与主句一致。She told me that she had finished the task，didnt he？但是若主句谓语为suppose，think，believe，guess，imagine，expect等，主语是第一人称，这时，疑问部分与从句保持一致，并注意否定转移。I dont think he will get there on time，will he？I expect you will h

8、ave a good time there，wont you？但如果主语是第二、三人称，则疑问部分与主句一致，且不存在否定转移。 You dont think we can speak English，do you？He thinks hes got the right answer，doesnt he？ V 同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般由that引导，但也可以由whether 以及连接代词和连接副词引导。 I have no idea

9、when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.在一些表示建议、命令、要求的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形表示，should可省略。This is our only request that this （hould） be settled as soon as possible. VI whether和if的区别一、引导宾语从句，一般既可用whether也可用if。但1 or not放在whether之后时，只能用whether不用if。I dont know

10、 whether or not he will come. 我不知道他是不是回来。注1：如果or not放在whether所引导的从句句尾，则可以用if来替换。I dont know whether/if he will come or not.我不知道他是不是回来。2 在强调任意选择时,用whetheror,此时不用if替换whether。He asked me whether I wanted to go there by train or by bus.他问我是想乘火车还是坐公共汽车去那里。注：whether和or一起还有“不管”之意,引导让步状语从句。Whether he drives

11、 or takes the train, he will be here on time.不管开车来还是乘火车来，他都会准时到。3 虽引导宾语从句，但为了强调宾语部分，也可把从句放在句首，此时只用whether不用if。Whether he will come I am not sure.他是不是来我拿不准。4 从句作介词宾语时只用whether不用if。It depends on whether it will be fine.那得看是不是晴天。5 作discuss等动词的宾语时，用whether不用if。We discussed whether we should close the sh

12、op.我们讨论是不是该关掉商店。6 句子中有if引导的条件句，如再有表示“是否”的宾语从句，用whether不用if。He asked me whether Id move to New York if I got the job.他问我如果我得到那份工作是否会搬家到纽约。7 容易产生歧义时用whether不用if来表示“是否”。Please let me know if you need help. 如果你需要帮助请告诉我。或：请告诉我你是否需要帮助。对比：Please let me know if you need help.请告诉我你是否需要帮助。8 如果宾语从句为否定句时，则只用if不

13、用whether。I dont know if it wont rain tomorrow.我不知道明天是不是会下雨。二、在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。如：Whether it is true remains a question.（主语从句）那是不是真的还是个问题。The question is whether it is true.（表语从句）问题是是不是真的。We have a doubt whether it is true.（同位语从句） 我们怀疑那是不是真的。注:whether引导主语从句放在主句之后时可用if来代替。It is unclear

14、 whether/if he likes the present.他是不是喜欢那个礼物还不清楚。三、用在动词不定式之前时用whether不用if。I dont know whether to go there at once. 我不知道是不是该立刻去那里。VII “疑问词 + ever ”的用法1.“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，这时可以和“疑问词+ever”互换。No matter where he may be （=Wherever he may be）, he will be happy. 他无论在什么地方都快乐。2. 而“疑问词+ever”还可以引导名词性从句。

15、Give this book to whoever likes it. 谁喜欢这本书就给谁吧。（这里不能用no matter who。）3. whoever既可引导名词性从句，又有在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等；whomever也可引导名词性从句，但只能在从句中作宾语。You may invite whomever you like.4. whatever表示“无论什么”，没有一定的范围限制；whichever表示“无论哪一个、无论哪些”，其后可接一个名词。Eat whichever cake you like.另外， whatever / whichever / whoever 与 whene

16、ver / wherever / however 分别可相当于 what / which / who 与 when / where / how 的强调式，引起的特殊疑问句往往是简单句，与原疑问词的意思、用法完全相同，只是表达的语气更为强烈，翻译时可加上“到底；究竟”等。What（ever） are you doing ？ 你（到底）在干什么？Which（ever） do you want to buy ？ 你（究竟）要买哪一个？Who（ever） told you such a foolish story？ （究竟）是谁讲给你这么蠢的事？When（ever） can I enjoy a lon

17、g vacation？ （究竟）什么时候才能给我放个长假呢？Where（ever） did you leave your dictionary？ 你（究竟）把词典放哪儿了？How（ever） did you collect so much money？ 你（到底）是怎样筹到这么多钱的？先成分后含义1）首先要从整体上确定所要分析的句子属于名词性从句的哪一种。2）其次看缺什么成分，要是缺主语，宾语或表语，连接词要用连接代词；要是缺状语就用连接副词；要是不缺任何成分就用从属连词。3）意义整合法：运用成分分析法判断是选连接代词还是用连接副词或从属连词，在此基础上运用意义整合法进行筛选。 基础题1. D

18、o you see _ I mean?A. that B./ C. how D. what2. Tell me_ is on your mind.A. that B. what C. which D. why3. We must stick to _ we have agreed on.A. what B. that C. / D. how4. Let me see _.A. that can I repair the radio B. whether -I can repair the radioC. I can repair the radio D. whether can I repai

19、r the radio5. Keep in mind _.A. that the teacher said B. what did the teacher sayC. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said6. Could you advise me _?A. which book should I read first B. what book should I read firstC. that book 1 should read first D. which book I should read first7. He was

20、criticized for _.A. he had done it B. what he had done C. what had he done D. that he had done it8. Would you kindly tell me _?A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway StationC. where can I get to the Beijing Railway StationD. whether can I get to the B

21、eijing Railway Station9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _.A. what had she seen in China B. that she had seen in ChinaC. what she had seen in China D. which had she seen in China10. We took it for granted _A. that they were not coming B. that were they not comingC. they were coming not D. were

22、 they not coining11. I really dont know _A. I should do next B. what should I do nextC. what I should do next D. how I should do next12. Im afraid _.A. the little girl will have to be operated onB. that will the little girl have to operate onC. the little girl will have to operate onD. that will the

23、 little girl have to be operated on13. She walked up to _ .A. where did I stand B. where I stood C. I stood there D. where I stood there14. Can you tell me _?A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is whoC. who that gentleman is D. whom .is that gentleman15. Well give you _.A. that do you need B.

24、 what do you needC. whatever you need D. whether do you need16. They want us to know _ to help us.A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they17. We must put _ into practice.A. what we have learned B. that we have learnedC. that have we learned D. what have we learned18. Did she

25、 say anything about _?A. that the work was to be done B. how was the work to be doneC. that was the work to be done D. how the work was to be done19. He was never satisfied with _.A. what she had achieved B. had what she achievedC. she had achieved D. that she achieved20. These photographs will show

26、 you _.A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like21. Peter insisted _ he pay the bill.A. on that B. what C. that D. on which22. They urged _ the library open during the vacation. A. when B. where C. why D. that23.

27、We wish we could have learned _ when we were at high school.A. what you did B. that you had doneC. that what you did D. what did you do24.1 will describe to you _ I saw when there.A. what B. that C. which D./25. From _ I should say he is a good worker.A. what 1 know of him B. that I do know of himC.

28、 what do I know of him D. that do I know of him26. I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it.A. whomever B. anyone C. whoever D. someone27._ they will come here hasn t been decided yet.A. What B. That C. When D. Where28. _ was said here must be kept secret.A. Who B. The thing C. Whatever D.

29、Where29. It is still a question _ we shall have our sports meet.A. if B. that C. what D. when30. Im going anyway. _ she will go is up to her to decide.A. If or not B. Whether or not C. If D. That31. It is strange _ she have left without saying a word.A. that B. what C. why D. how32. It is very clear _ our policy is a correct one.A. what B. that C. why D. where33. _ Mr Zhang said is