1、(2017天津,11)Awho BwhereCwhich Dthat答案D解析考查强调句型的判定。正是当我回到公寓时,我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉,然后看剩余的部分是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断,“When I got back to my apartment,I first came across my new neighbors.”句子成分完整,由此可断定本句是强调句,并且强调的是时间状语,故空格处应用that。5Only when Lily walked into the office that she had left
2、the contract at home.(2015天津,3)Ashe realized Bhas she realized Cshe has realized Ddid she realize解析考查倒装及动词的时态。直到莉莉走进办公室时,她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。“only状语从句”位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语从句when Lily walked into the office可知要用一般过去时。故答案为D。6Always in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.湖南,
3、31)Ato keep Bto have keptCkeep Dhave kept答案C解析考查祈使句。一直要记住:你的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。祈使句一般以动词原形开头,故用keep。keep in mind记住,是固定搭配。7If for the job,youll be informed soon.(2015北京,31)Ato accept BacceptCaccepting Daccepted解析考查状语从句的省略。如果你被录用做这份工作的话,你将会很快得到通知。本题中if之后省略了主语和be动词,补充完整为:If you are accepted for the job,所以选D
4、。诊断报告考向对应题号我的薄弱环节1强调句1,42倒装句3,53其他(省略和替代、祈使句等) 2,6,7解题方法固定句式很重要,标记词汇要记牢。强调句中看句式,出现it is/was要盯梢。倒装结构细分辨,副词置于句最前,否定意义风向标。1还原法一般说来,对于一些特殊的句型,我们可以把它们还原为正常的句型,如把倒装句还原为陈述句等。2结构分析法在一些试题中要注意区别一些特殊的句型,如倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句、祈使句等。3固定句型判断法在平时的学习中,要掌握各种句型,注意积累一些经典的句型,把它们运用到日常写作中,以达到真正掌握的目的。考点1强调句You are waiting at a wr
5、ong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.(2016天津,13)Awho Bwhich Cwhere Dthat你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型:It is/was被强调部分that/who剩余部分。强调句的判断方法是将It is/was与that/who去掉后,句子意思依然清楚,结构依然完整。经判断,“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整,句意明确,故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是地点,故空格处应填that。考点归纳1
6、强调句型中的6个考查重点:1强调句型的疑问句在强调句中,无论被强调部分是什么句子成分,变为疑问句时,都须将主句改为疑问语序,即将“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分”改为“Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分?”或“疑问词is/wasitthat其他成分?”结构。(1)Was it her being ill that made her parents unhappy?是不是她生病使她的父母不高兴?(2)When was it that she changed her mind?她什么时候改变主意的?2在对not.until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语
7、从句进行强调时,要将句中的not移至until之前,构成It is/was not until.that.结构。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式,而且不再采用倒装语序。I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜我才意识到她是个著名影星。3如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语
8、从句时,从句必须使用陈述语序,不可用疑问语序。He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.他问我是谁错拿了他的伞。4强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。在高考试题中,为了增加试题的难度,命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来,使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子,理清结构。It was in the hotel where he stayed that I met him this morning.正是在他住的那间旅馆我今天早晨遇到的他。5强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。当用强调句型强调时间状语时,去掉“it is/
9、was”和“that”原句仍然完整。而在时间状语从句中,若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”,原句则不完整。(1)It was at 1428 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型)是在14点28分强烈的地震爆发的。(2)It was 1428 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(时间状语从句)当强烈的地震爆发时是14点28分。6强调句型中的反意疑问句式。在强调句型中,其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was.保持一致。It is Mary not you wh
10、o wants to ask me about that matter,isnt it?是玛丽而不是你想问我那件事,是吗?考点归纳21强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语或状语等。判断句子是否为强调句型可以将It is/was和that/who去掉,如果剩余部分的结构依然完整,则该句为强调句型。否则不是。It was Lao Yu that I met at the New Oriental School yesterday.I met Lao Yu at the New Oriental School yesterday.昨
11、天我在新东方学校碰到了老于。2强调句的特殊句式强调句的特殊句式结构构成一般疑问句Is/Was it被强调部分that/who句子其他部分?特殊疑问句特殊疑问词is/was itthat句子其他部分?not until句式It is/was not until.that句子其他部分not.but.句式It is not.that.,but./It is not.but.that.(1)How was it that your brother managed to pass the math exam last week? Hes always so lazy.你的哥哥是如何通过上周的数学考试的?
12、他总是那么懒。(2)It wasnt until nearly a month later that I received the managers reply.直到将近一个月后,我才收到了经理的回信。特别提醒do/does/did强调句型:do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调,且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。It was very difficult for my father to quit smoking,who smoked for 30 years,but in the end he did manage it.尽管戒烟对我父亲来说很难,他有30年的烟龄,但最终他确实
13、戒掉了。3注意强调句型与其他句型的区别(1)强调句型与定语从句的区别It was in the factory where he worked that I got to know him.正是在他工作的那家工厂里我开始认识了他。(where引导定语从句;that为强调句型中的that)(2)强调句型与名词性从句的区别It is exciting that we have succeeded in winning the final.(主语从句)我们成功地赢得了决赛实在很令人兴奋。It is not what he says but what he does that matters.重要的是
14、他做了什么而不是说了什么。(强调句型)考点2倒装句Not until recently the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.(2016江苏,34)Athey had encouraged Bhad they encouragedCdid they encourage Dthey encouraged解析考查倒装句。直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据时间状语recently可知本句应用一般过去时。“Not until状语”位于句首的,句子采用部分倒装语序,因此选C。考点归纳1部分倒装
15、1当否定词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely等以及由no构成的否定短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首时用部分倒装。2当“only状语从句”置于句首时,句子用部分倒装。3在so/such .that .句式中,当so/such位于句首时,其后的句子用部分倒装。4当as/though表示“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句时用部分倒装。though引导的让步状语从句也可以不倒装。5not only.but a
16、lso.连接两个并列分句,not only置于句首时,它所在的分句使用部分倒装,而but also后的分句不倒装。6表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”so表示肯定意义;neither/nor表示否定意义。7hardly .when .;no sooner .than .;scarcely .when .“刚就”,hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时,主句用部分倒装,从句不倒装,且主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。8如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were,should,had,可以把if省略而将这三个词放于
17、条件句主语前构成倒装。(1)Not until he told me about it again did I have any idea of it.直到他又告诉我一遍我才明白它。(2)Only after he failed a third time did he admit that his English ability was quite limited.直到他又一次失败,他才承认他的英语能力很有限。(3)No sooner had he heard someone calling for help than he jumped into the river without hesi
18、tation.一听见有人呼救,他就毫不犹豫地跳入河中。2完全倒装在英语中,把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句,称为完全倒装句。常见的完全倒装句有以下几种:1表示地点、方位或时间的副词或介词短语,如here,there,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,now,then,in the room,on the wall等置于句首,且主语是名词时。2若把作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时,用完全倒装句。3there be句型:其中be动词有时可用exist,live,stand,lie,seem,appear,remain,happen 等词代替,谓语动词用就近原则。考点3
19、其他(祈使句、省略和替代、there be、反意疑问句等)1 me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.(2014大纲全国,33)ACalling BCallCTo call DHaving called明天给我打电话,我会让你知道实验结果的。分析句子结构可知,此处是“祈使句and陈述句”这一固定句式结构,故B项正确。2The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely, ,reaching 30 in summer.(2014福建,28)Aif not Bif everCif
20、 any Dif so解析考查省略句。这里的气候相当宜人,如果曾经有的话,夏天也很少达到30。if ever为省略句,补全完整为:if the temperature has ever reached 30 in summer。3I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, you?(2014重庆,10)Amustnt BhaventCdidnt Dhadnt解析考查反意疑问句。答句句意为:那你逗留伦敦期间肯定去看过大英博物馆,对吗?
21、must have done在句中表示对过去事实的推测,当句末有反意疑问的语气时,可分为两种情况:(1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时,反意疑问句结构为“havent/hasnt.?”;(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时,结构为“didnt.?”。题中last summer表示的是一个确定的过去时间,故C项正确。4Look at the flying pigeons in the sky.You cant imagine they played in the battlefields.Awhat crucial a role Bwhat role crucialChow crucial a rol
22、e Dhow a crucial role看天空中那些飞着的鸽子。你想象不到它们在过去的战场上发挥了多么关键性的作用。强调单数可数名词,感叹句可有两种形式“Whata/an形容词名词主语谓语”或“How形容词a/an名词主语谓语”。故选C。一、祈使句1祈使句的否定式在动词前加dont。祈使句带主语时,其否定式把dont放在主语前。Dont you speak so loud.你不要那么大声说话。2注意句型:祈使句and/or/otherwise一般将来时的陈述句。Close the door of fear behind you,and you will see the door of fai
23、th open before you.关闭你身后的恐惧之门,你就会看到信念之门在你的面前打开。二、状语从句的省略1当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或主语是it,且从句中含有be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。2so或not代替上文内容,此时可用“ifso/not”省略句式;其他类似结构还有:if ever,if any,if anything等。3Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句,后面跟so与not分别表示肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去。Well take the books when participating in the
24、 Summer Camp this July to your school.我们将于今年7月赴贵校参加夏令营时带去这些书。三、不定式的省略1单独使用不定式符号to代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常用在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面。否定形式的省略用not to。2不定式符号to用在某些形容词,如glad,happy,pleased,delighted等后面。3如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,have和have been。4
25、在do nothing but,cant help but,why not,would rather .than .;prefer to do .rather than .等句型中省略to。I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.我叫他去看电影,但是他不想去。四、常考的反意疑问句的四种情况(一)陈述部分含有must/may/might的反意疑问句1当must作“必须,有必要”讲时,其反意疑问部分用neednt;当含有mustnt(不允许,禁止)时,其反意疑问部分用must/may。2“must/may be”对现在的情况进行推测,按一般
26、现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理。3“must完成时”用来推测过去的动作,强调对现在的影响。句中没有表示过去时间的状语时,按现在完成时的附加疑问句处理;若句中有表示过去的明确的时间状语时,按一般过去时的附加疑问句处理。(1)You must go now,neednt you?你现在必须走,是吗?(2)You must have studied English for three years,havent you?你一定学英语三年了,对吗?(3)He must have finished it yesterday,didnt he?他一定是昨天完成的,是吗?(二)祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句
27、后的附加问句不表示反意,而表示一种语气。其结构为:1.否定祈使句,will you?2.肯定祈使句,will/wont you?3.Lets .,shall we?4.Let us .,will/wont you?(1)Dont talk any more,will you?别再说话了,好吗?(2)Lets begin the class,shall we/shant we? 我们开始上课吧,好吗?(三)陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句1当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,疑问部分常和主句保持一致。2陈述部分的主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine等,且主句主语为第一人称时,疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致;主句的主语为第二、三人称时,后面的疑问部分与主句的主语、谓语一致。注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。(1)He said that he would come t
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