版 Unit 4 单元综合测评4文档格式.docx

1、The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1，634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated（低估） the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.“Across all species, the experiments

2、underpredicted the speed of the advancefor both leafing and floweringthat results from temperature increases，” the study said.The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They a

3、re the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis （光合作用）to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.Scientists believe the worlds average temperature has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years sin

4、ce 1979.So far, efforts to cut emissions（排放）of planetwarming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 this centurya point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failur

5、es and rising sea levels.【语篇解读】本文为科普类文章。文章论述了全球变暖的气候环境会让植物提前开花，进而影响整个食物链及生态系统。1What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?APlants reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.BThe increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists expectation.CClimate change

6、 leads to the change of food production patterns.DFood chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.【解析】细节理解题。第一段话给读者传达的主要信息存在于主句，而不是which所引导的定语从句上。根据“Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted（预测）”可知，作者是要告知读者植物开花的增速超出了科学家的预期。故选B。A为次要信息。【答案】B2We can learn from the study published

7、 on the Nature website that_Aplants flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafingBthere are 1，634 plant species on the four continentsCscientists should improve the design of the experimentsDthe experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change第五段话“It found that some experiments had unde

8、restimated（低估）the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.”暗示读者：对于植物所设计的实验应该有所改进，故答案选C。【答案】C3Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because_Athey can prove the climate change clearlyBthey are very important in the food chainsCthey play a leading role in reducing globa

9、l warmingDthey are growing and flowering much faster than before【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选B。4What can be inferred from the las

10、t two paragraphs about the worlds temperature?AIt has risen nearly 0.2 since 1979.BIts change will lead to weather extremes.CIt is 0.8 higher in 1979 than that of 1900.DIt needs to be controlled within 2 in this century.从倒数第二段“.has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since

11、1979.”可知A、C项错误；从最后一段叙述可知，如果本世纪地球变暖超过2，便会出现weather extremes。暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2的范围之内。故答案选D。【答案】DBThe production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown fr

12、om shadegrown production to fullsun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.On a local level, the damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects the areas birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides

13、a home for birds and other species （物种） that depend on the trees flowers and fruits. Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result，many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for fullsun coffee fields also threatens （威胁） human life. Med

14、ical research often makes use of the forests plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition, new coffeegrowing techniques are poisoning the water locally，and eventually the worlds groundwater. Both locally and

15、globally, the continued spread of fullsun coffee plantations （种植园） could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate，and studies show that the loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warmin

16、g. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic （酸性的） soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shadegrown coffee whenever possib

17、le, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。咖啡豆的新的种植技术带来了很大的利润，但与此同时也给我们带来了很多危害，影响我们生活的各个层面，因此我们要做出正确的选择。5What can we learn about fullsun coffee production from Paragraph 4?AIt limits the spread of n

18、ew growing techniques.BIt leads to air pollution and global warming.CIt slows down the loss of shade trees.DIt improves local soil conditions.由文章第四段中的.the loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.可知B项正确。由第四段第一句可知，是扩大了而不是限制了新种植技术的传播，故A项错误；它破坏了雨林生态系统，而不是减慢了这些树的丧失速度，故C项

19、错误；由第四段最后一句可知，这种新的种植技术导致了酸性土壤状况而不是改进了土壤状况，故D项错误。6The purpose of the text is to _Aentertain BadvertiseCinstruct Dpersuade【解析】观点态度题。通读全文可知，本文向大家介绍咖啡豆的新的种植技术所带来的不良影响，旨在说服大家做出正确的选择，故选D项persuade（说服）。entertain娱乐，advertise做广告，instruct指导，均不合适。7Where does this text probably come from?AAn agricultural magazin

20、e.BA medical journal.CAn engineering textbook.DA tourist guide.本文向大家介绍咖啡豆的新的种植技术所带来的不良影响，这属于农学的范畴，因此最有可能出自一本农学杂志，故选A项。B项A medical journal（一本医学杂志），C项An engineering textbook（一本工程教科书），D项A tourist guide（一本旅行指南），均不正确。【答案】A8Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?（P：Paragraph）【解析】文章结构

21、题。通读全文可知，文章第一段从整体上介绍咖啡豆的新的种植技术带来的危害，中间第二、三、四段详细介绍了具体的危害，最后一段介绍这种新的种植技术影响我们生活的各个层面，消费者要做出正确的选择。因此，整篇文章属于“总分总”结构，故选A项。CWhat Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isnt a prerequisite for a modern growyourown lifestyle.On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles，Loe and her family grow，can（装罐）and p

22、reserve much of the food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver，gardener and canning expert.She also operates a website，where she shares her tips and recipes，with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control whats on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become an en

23、gineer，but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food.“I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs （香草）and foods for that fresh flavor，”she said.Engineer by day，Loe learned cooking at night school.She ultimately purchased a small p

24、iece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farmfresh without a farm，”Loe said.Through her website Loe emphasizes that“anybody can do this anywhere.”Got an apartment with a balcony（阳台）? Plant some herbs.A window? Perfect spot for growing.Start with her

25、bs，she recommends，because “theyre very forgiving.”Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level，”she added.“I think its a great place to start.”Then? Try growing something from a seed，she said，like a tomato or some tea.Canning is a natural extension of the planting s

26、he does.With every planted food，Loe noted，theres a moment when its bursting with its absolute peak flavor.“I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar，”Loe said.“Canning for me is about knowing whats in your food，knowing where it comes from.” In addition to being more in touch with the food

27、 shes eating，another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children：“Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the_bigger_picture，”she said，“that if we dont take care of the earth，no one will.”【语篇解读】本文是

28、一篇记叙文。Theresa Loe是一个热爱生活的人，她用自己的方式带领全家在现代生活中找到一条特有的自给自足的生活方式。不仅如此，她还想用这种方式来教育自己的孩子们从小就要树立保护地球的意识。9The underlined word“prerequisite”（Para.1）is closest in meaning to “_”Arecipe BsubstituteCrequirement Dchallenge【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句中的a large farm和第二句可知，很多人都以为要做到自给自足就要有一个大农场，但是在Loe看来，大农场并不是这种生活方式的必要条件，只有另

29、辟蹊径，就能找到解决问题的方法。由此可知画线的单词与requirement意思最接近，所以选择C项。10Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?AThey are used daily.BThey are easy to grow.CThey can grow very tall.DThey can be eaten uncooked.根据第四段中的because“theyre very forgiving.”可知，Loe建议从种植香草开始，是因为这种植物对你的要求不苛刻，很容易成活，所以选择B项。而根据下一句话可知把香草作为调料会让你做的饭味道大大改善，但是不能由此推断出这种调料每天都被