08机制Review2Word下载.docx

1、认真看！Unit 1Fracture toughness 断裂韧度 plastic deformation 塑性变形 fiber-reinforced composite 纤维增强型复合材料particle-reinforced composite 颗粒增强型复合材料Unit 2plain carbon steel 普通碳素钢 iron carbon铁碳合金 hardening淬火 tempering 回火 salt bath 盐浴 annealing 退火 FCC face centered cubic面心立方 BCC 体心立方Unit 3sand casting 砂型铸造 parting

2、surface 分型面 alignment pin 定位销 turbine blade 涡轮叶片 centrifugal casting 离心铸造Unit 4open-die forging 自由锻 closed-die forging 模锻/模型锻造 surface finish 表面粗糙度 marine propeller shaft 船用螺旋桨轴Unit 5powder metallurgy 粉末冶金 cold uniaxial pressing, 冷单向压制 cold isostatic pressing, 冷等静压 hot isostatic press 热等静压Unit 6Reci

3、procating screw injection molding machine 往复式螺杆注射成型机Unit 7Rake angle, 前角 clearance angle, 后角 built up edge, 积屑瘤cutting fluid, 切削液Unit 8Abrasive wheel, 砂轮grinding wheel, 砂轮Unit 9Electropolishing, 电解法抛光 chemical mechanical polishing, 化学机械抛光Unit 10Electroplating, 电镀 PVD（Physical Vapor Deposition）, 物理气相

4、沉积CVD（Chemical Vapor Deposition） 化学气相沉积Unit 11Lathe bed, 床身headstock, 主轴箱tailstock, 尾座lead screw, 丝杠feed rod, 光杠Unit 12Through hole, 贯穿孔blind hole, 盲孔twist drill, 麻花钻Unit 13Drill jig, 钻模Unit 14Clearance fit, 间隙配合transition fit, 过渡配合interference fit, 过盈配合shaft-basis system, 基轴制hole-basis system 基孔制Un

5、it 15Electrical discharge machining, 电火花加工electrochemical machining, ultrasonic machining,Unit 16Laser beam machining, electron-beam machining, 电子束加工Part IIVirtual manufacturing, flexible manufacturing system, agile manufacturing, Linear interpolation线性内插法, circular interpolation环形内插法, Manual progra

6、mming人工编制程序 , computer aided programming计算机辅助程序设计Touch probe 接触式探头， machining center, turning center Cartesian robot直角坐标型机器人 , cylindrical robot圆柱坐标型机器人Group technology, 2，选择填空：把给定的单词选择到相应的空格。共60分。有3篇文章。A. parting line, B. riser, C. vibration, D. flask, E. Core print, F. shrinks, G. cope, H. Core, I

7、. sand, J. drag, （此文章来自于教材 Unit 3）The cavity in the sand is formed by using a pattern （an approximate duplicate of the real part）, which are typically made out of wood, sometimes metal. The cavity is contained in an aggregate聚合的；集合的；合计的 housed in a box called the _ flask _. _ is a sand shape inserte

8、d into the mold to produce the internal features of the part such as holes or internal passages. Cores are placed in the cavity to form holes of the desired shapes. _ Core print _ is the region added to the pattern, core, or mold that is used to locate and support the core within the mold. A riser _

9、 is an extra void created in the mold to contain excessive molten material. The purpose of this is to feed the molten metal to the mold cavity as the molten metal solidifies and shrinks _, and thereby prevents voids空隙 in the main casting. In a two-part mold, which is typical of sand castings, the up

10、per half, including the top half of the pattern, flask, and core is called _ cope _ and the lower half is called drag _, as shown in Fig.3.1. The parting line or the parting surface is line or surface that separates the cope and drag. The drag is first filled partially with sand _, and the core prin

11、t, the cores, and the gating system are placed near the parting line _. The cope is then assembled to the drag, and the sand is poured on the cope half, covering the pattern, core and the gating system. The sand is compacted by vibration _ and mechanical means.下面的文章都要认真阅读！Electroplating is an electr

12、ochemical process by which metal is deposited on a substrate基质；基片 by passing a current through the bath. Usually there is an anode n. 电阳极，正极（positively charged electrode）, which is the source of the material to be deposited; the electrochemistry which is the medium through which metal ions are excha

13、nged and transferred to the substrate to be coated; and a cathode （negatively charged electrode） which is the substrate to be coated. Plating is done in a plating bath which is usually a non-metallic tank （usually plastic）. The tank is filled with electrolyte电解液 which has the metal, to be plated, in

14、 ionic form. The anode is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. The anode is usually the metal to be plated （assuming that the metal will corrode in the electrolyte）. For ease of operation, the metal is in the form of nuggets and placed in an inert metal basket made out non-corrodi

15、ng metal （such as titanium or stainless steel）. The cathode is the workpiece, the substrate to be plated. This is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply. The power supply is well regulated to minimize ripples as well to deliver a steady predictable current, under varying loads such a

16、s those found in plating tanks. As the current is applied, positive metal ions from the solution are attracted to the negatively charged cathode and deposit on the cathode. As a replenishment for these deposited ions, the metal from the anode is dissolved and goes into the solution and balances the

17、ionic potential. （此文章来自于教材 Unit 10）It is known that metals are very important in our life. Metals（金属） have the greatest importance for industry. All machines and other engineering constructions（结构） have metal parts, some of them consist only of （由构成） metal parts.There are two large groups of metals:

18、1）Simple metals more or less （或多或少） pure chemical elements.2）Alloys（合金） materials consisting of simple metal combined with （与结合） some other elements（元素）.About two thirds of all elements found in the earth are metals, but not all metals may be used in industry. Those metals which are used in industry

19、 are called engineering metals （工程金属）. The most important engineering metal is iron （Fe）（铁）, which in the form of alloys with carbon（C） （碳元素）and other elements, finds greater use than any other metal. Metals consisting of iron are called ferrous metals （黑色金属）. The most important nonferrous metals ar

20、e copper （Cu）（铜）, aluminum （Al）（铝）, lead （铅） （Pb）, zinc（锌） （Zn）, tin（锡） （Sn）, but all these metals are used much less than ferrous metals, because the ferrous metals are much cheaper.Engineering metals are used in industry in the form of alloys because the properties（特色）of alloys are much better tha

21、n the properties of pure metals. Only aluminum may be largely used in the form of simple metal. Metals have such a great importance because of their useful properties or their strength, hardness, and plasticity（弹性）.Different metals are produced in different ways, but almost all the metal are found i

22、n the form of metal ore（矿石） （iron ore, copper ore, etc）. The ore is a mineral （矿物质） consisting of a metal combined with some impurities （杂质） . In order to produce a metal from some metal ore, we must separate these impurities（杂质） from metal that is done by metallurgy （冶金术） .The world is made up of m

23、atters. There are so many different types of materials in the world. We refer to the materials applied in engineering field as engineering materials. There are a lot of classification schemes about engineering materials. According to the chemical element, engineering materials can be divided into me

24、tals and nonmetals. According to their use in manufacturing, engineering materials can be classified into two major categories: tool materials and workpart materials. Metal materials have some fundamental properties, such as hardness, strength, density, thermal conductivity and so on. The most impor

25、tant metal materials in manufacturing are cast iron and steel. Cast iron and steel are both iron carbon. Cast iron usually contains 2 to 4.5 percent carbon, 0.5 to 3 percent silicon, and lesser amounts of sulfur, manganese, and phosphorus. It is hard, brittle and nonmalleable, so it is commonly used

26、 in casting into various shapes. Steel contains 0.2 and 1.5 percent carbon, often contains other constituents such as manganese, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, tungsten, cobalt etc. to achieve certain properties needed. Steel is not only hard and strong, but malleable on account of lower carb

27、on content, so it has been used more widely. There are also other metal materials used in manufacturing such as aluminum & aluminum alloy, copper & copper alloy, titanium alloy and so forth.The most widely used nonmetal materials may be engineering plastics. Plastics are organic compounds produced b

28、y polymerization. The common engineering plastics can be grouped into two types that are thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics. Thermoplastics include PE （polyethylene）, PVC （Polyvinyl Chloride）, PP （polypropylene）, PS （polystyrene）, ABS, nylon, and so on. Thermosetting plastics include EP （epoxy

29、）, bakelite, and so on. Due to its good plasticity and fluidity，the plastic can not only be used in injection molding, but also be extruded or cast into shapes. The rubber is another major category in nonmetal materials. It can be divided into natural rubber and synthetic（合成的） rubber according to th

30、e source of raw materials. Because of its high elasticity（弹性） and electric insulation, rubber can be used in making tires, shock absorbers, airproof loops and electric devices. Now more and more composites are used in engineering, especially in aerospace, biomedicine. Composites are combined with tw

31、o or more distinct materials. It can be divided into three types: fiber-reinforced, particulate, and laminated composites.Tool materials may be either metal or nonmetal. High-speed steel and carbide are the most widely used metal tool materials. Nonmetal tool materials include ceramic, diamond and C

32、BN （Cubic Boron Nitride）. Workpart materials also involve metal and nonmetal. Plastics can be used in making automobile lamps, panels, toys and so on. Metal can be used in manufacturing variety of parts. Take lathe as an example, Cast iron can be used in manufacturing headstock and bed. However, spindle and gears are made of steel.Metal wo