1、Unit 2Unit 21.stairs:n.梯级,楼梯同学们想一下,电梯怎么说?elevator2.riser:n.踢石,.起床者,起义者,叛乱者3.tread:踏面 注意与treat的区别 4.nonslip tread inserts:防滑条 5.nosing:出挑 ,楼梯每一级的前缘,保护此处的金属板,也指牛腿。Nose:鼻子,嗅觉。 6.railing:栏杆,扶手,由横木做成的篱笆Rail:铁路,栏杆,扶手,动词,责备,辱骂,抱怨7.waist slab:梯段板 Waist:腰部Slab:(石、木等坚硬物质的)厚板, 平板, 厚片。Stone slab:石板。Concrete fou
2、ndation slab 混凝土地基板 A cement slab 水泥板 A marble slab 大理石板 A stone slab 石板 8.landing:楼梯平台登录,着陆,登陆处,卸货处9.landing slab:平台板 10.handrail:扶手 PART 2 FoundationPart Reading and Translating Passage AFoundation Construction基础 The purpose of a foundation is to carry the load of a structure and spread it over a
3、greater area, evenly and without undue settlement, to the ground beneath. The size and type of foundation depends on the nature of the ground and the load carried by it. The bearing capacity of a soil means the maximum load per unit area (usually in terms of KN/M2)which the ground will safely suppor
4、t.翻译:基础的作用是承受结构的荷载,并将其均匀地向更大更深的范围传递,避免不均匀的沉降。基础的尺寸和类型取决于地基的自然状况以及地基所承受的荷载。土体的承载力即是单位面积上地基所能安全承受的最大荷载。单词:1.foundation:基础Form the foundation of 构成的基础 Lay the foundation of the new hospital 为新医院大楼打地基 Drive in piles to make a sound foundation 打桩来加固基础 Pour a solid foundation of cement 浇筑坚实的水泥地基2. load:负载
5、,负荷,荷载the mobile load 活负载/动荷载the dead/static load 静载/自重the peak/maximum load 最大负载the safe load 安全负荷3. evenly:平坦地;无陷坑地,均匀地;相等地,平静地;镇静地;平和地大家想一下,even的意思?副词 adv.甚至, 即使完全,十分;足足;恰好,正好,正如。形容词 adj.平的, 平坦的,相等的, 均衡的。4. undue:过度的,过分的,不适当的;不正当的 5.settlement沉降;沉陷,解决,和解,移民undue settlement:不均匀沉降6. beneath:prep,在的
6、下方, 在的底下7. capacity:容量,能量,能力Storage capacity 贮存量 Capacity for self-expression 自我表达能力 Capacity for organization 组织能力 A capacity of 20 gallons 20加仑的容量 A capacity of 20 horse-powers 20匹马力的能量8.soil:土壤Storage capacity 贮存量 Capacity for self-expression 自我表达能力 Capacity for organization 组织能力 A capacity of 20
7、 gallons 20加仑的容量 A capacity of 20 horse-powers 20匹马力的能量短语:1.depend on:依靠,取决于2.per unit area:每一个单位面积3.in terms of:就而言, 从方面说来 ;He referred to your work in terms of high praise.他对你的工作大加赞扬。用的话,用字眼,以的措辞;从角度来讲;根据,依据;以为单位;换算,折合。4. The bearing capacity of a soil:土壤的承载力句型:The purpose of is:作用是2.means:指的是. As
8、 the nature of the soil often varies considerably on the same construction site, the capacity of the soil to support loads also varies. Therefore, it is not always possible to provide a uniform size of foundation for the entire structure, even if it may support a uniform load. To improve the bearing
9、 capacity in varying ground conditions, soft sports are usually filled with consolidated hardcore or a weak concrete, before the foundation is laid.翻译:即便在同一施工场地,由于地基的性质有很大差异,土体的承载力也不相同。所以,即使基础能承受相同的荷载,要为整个结构设计出相同尺寸的基础并不总是可能的。为了在不同的地基条件下提高基础的承载力,在浇注基础前,通常用碎石垫层加固或用强度低的混凝土来填充土质松软的地方。单词:1. construction:
10、建造,建筑2. site场所,现场3.vary:vi.呈现不同;vi.(使)变化, 改变4. considerably:副词 adv.相当,非常,颇 5. uniform:相同的;一致的。名词,制服,校服。6. consolidate:巩固;加强 7.concrete:混凝土(制的)8. hardcore:n.核心部分,中坚分子;碎石垫层;硬底层;“石角”短语:1.he capacity of the soil to support loads:土壤承载力2.even if:即使,甚至3.be filled with:被填充4.weak concrete:低标号混凝土plain concret
11、e:素混凝土reinforced concrete:钢筋混凝土Quality concret:优质混凝土句型:1. often vary considerably: 常常差异很大. 2. it is not always possible to provide:提供往往是不可能的。 A foundation normally consists of either plain or reinforced concrete, which should be laid sufficiently below the ground frost level to avoid the possible da
12、nger of frozen soil lifting it. Fig.1 shows a plain concrete foundation to main walling, and Fig. 2 a reinforced concrete foundation to an isolated pier.翻译:基础通常有素混凝土和钢筋混凝土两种类型。基础底面应设置于冻结线以下,以避免冻土会将其顶起。图1是承重墙下面素混凝土基础的示意图,图2为独立柱下的钢筋混凝土基础的示意图。单词:frost冰冻;霜the ground frost level:冻结线reinforced:加固的,加强的Rein
13、force a wall with mud 用泥土把墙加厚Reinforce ones argument with fresh points 用新的论点加强论证A reinforced platoon 加强排3.below:在下面4. lift:举起,抬起5. Figure:名词 n.数字;图解, 图表; 装饰性的图案;人或动物的像, 画像, 肖像 ;轮廓, 人影, 身材, 体态, 风姿;算术, 计算。6. pier(桥)墩,支柱短语:either or concrete:不是,就是;要么,要么。main walling:承重墙同学们想想,隔墙怎么说?Partition wall3. isol
14、ated pier:独立柱 Bridge piers 桥墩 Landing pier 码头 An end pier 终端(电)杆 An isolated pier 独立柱句型:1.normally consists of:通常是由构成的Fig.1 Concrete Foundation:混凝土基础1. rising wall:上部墙体2. connecting rods, starter bars:连接钢筋3. supporting formwork:模板 4. horizontal construction joint水平施工缝 5. natural soil:自然土体6. in-situ
15、concrete:素混凝土7. bedding, blinding bed:垫层8. angle of load distribution:应力扩散角9. angle of natural slope:自然坡角单词:1. rod:竿, 杆, 棒;(责打人用的)棍棒;手枪。2. starter: n. 参赛人;参赛的马(或汽车等);(赛跑等的)发令员;(发动机的)启动装置,启动器;(主菜之前的)开胃小吃,开胃品; 起步(或启动)的人;在起步阶段使用的;启动时用的3. joint:n.关节;接头, 接合处, (尤指构成角的)接头, 接合处, 接点。4. in situ:原位;原地;在原位置。5. bed:床,基层。6. distribution:n.分发, 分配;散布, 分布;分配;分布;(商品)运销,经销,分销。7. slope:n.斜坡, 斜面;倾斜, 坡度, 斜率;山坡。 Fig.2 Reinforced Concrete Foundation1. Rising pier上部柱2. reinforcement bar钢筋3. reinforcement
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