考研英语一真题及答案Word格式文档下载.docx

1、Hawthorne effect, the extremely influential idea that the very to being experimented upon changed subjects behavior.The idea arose because of the _4_ behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to _5_ of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when

2、 it was dimmed. It did not _6_ what was done in the experiment; _7_something was changed, productivity rose. A（n） _8_ that they were being experimented upon seemed to be _9_ to alter workers behavior _10_itself.After several decades, the same data were _11_ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne exp

3、eriments has another surprise store _12_the descriptions on record, no systematic _13_ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to _14_ interpretation of what happed. _15_, lighting was alwa

4、ys changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output _16_rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. _18_, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers _19_ to be diligent

5、 for the first few days of the week in any case, before _20_ a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged is hard to pin down.1. A affected B achieved C extracted D restored2. A at B up C with D off3. A truth B sight C act D proof4. A controversial B perplexing C mischievous D a

6、mbiguous5. A requirements B explanations C accounts D assessments6. A conclude B matter C indicate D work7. A as far as B for fear that C in case that D so long as8. A awareness B expectation C sentiment D illusion9. A suitable B excessive C enough D abundant10. A about B for C on D by11. A compared

7、 B shown C subjected D conveyed12. A contrary to B consistent with C parallel with D peculiar to13. A evidence B guidance C implication D source14. A disputable B enlightening C reliable D misleading15. A In contrast B For example C In consequence D As usual16. A duly B accidentally C unpredictably

8、D suddenly17. A failed B ceased C started D continued20. A breaking B climbing C surpassing D hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text 1Of all the c

9、hanges that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty

10、to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that

11、 their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish

12、 arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore th

13、eir learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in jo

14、urnalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975,

15、 is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography （1947） became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honor

16、ed. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little u

17、se for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 thatA arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.B English-language newspapers used to carry

18、more arts reviews.C high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.D young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized byA free themes. B casual style. C elaborate layout. D radical viewpoints.23. Which of the

19、following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?A It is writers duty to fulfill journalistic goalsB It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus ac

20、cording to the last two paragraphs?A His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.B His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.C His style caters largely to modern specialists.D His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?A Ne

21、wspapers of the Good Old Days B The Lost Horizon in NewspapersC Mournful Decline of Journalism D Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. A received one for its one-click online payment system. Merrill Lynch g

22、ot legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move th

23、at has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is a very big deal, says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School o

24、f law. It has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of poo

25、ling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as

26、 a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves

27、with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courts

28、judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should reconsider its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuits action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent

29、holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for inventions that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court, says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because ofA their limited value to business B their connection with asset allocationC the possible restriction on their granting D the controversy over author