《新概念英语》第二册第11课Word格式文档下载.docx

1、They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。4. 动词be的过去进行时动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。比较：He was friendly. 他很友好。（指过去长期如此） He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。（指当时一时的表现） 补充：when 的后面加一般过去时，而且动词是非延续性动词。 while 的后面加过去进行时，动词是延续性动词。 3特殊用法、当句子意思很清楚时，我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时 We listened carefully while the teacher read the text.

2、老师读课文时，我们都仔细地听着。、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词时，也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。He told me that he was going soon.他告诉我他很快就要走了。、表示故事发生的背景。It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.那支医疗小组往前线行进时，天正下着雪。 、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应，含有意外之意。I was walking in the street when som

3、eone called me. 我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。6、用来陈述原因或用作借口。She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。7、与always, constantly等词连用，表示感情色彩。The girl was always changing her mind. 这女孩老是改变主意。 4常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day ,yesterday, from nine to

4、 ten last evening, when, while ,at that time,. just now，a moment ago My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself; It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.2） at : 1. in, on在方位名词前的区别 . in表示A地在B地范围之内。 Taiwan is in the so

5、utheast of China. . on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。 North Korea is on the east of China. . at, in, on在表示时间上的区别 . at指时间表示： （1）时间的一点、时刻等。They came home at sunrise （at noon, at midnight, at ten oclock, at daybreak, at dawn）. （2）较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。He went home at Christmas （at New Year, at the Spring Festiv

6、al, at night）. . in指时间表示：（1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内。in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening, etc （2）在一段时间之后。一般情况下，用于将来时，谓语动词为瞬间动词，意为“在以后”。He will arrive in two hours. 谓语动词为延续性动词时，in意为“在以内”。These products will be produced in a month. 注意：after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后，但其后的时间是“

7、一点”，而不是“一段”。He will arrive after two oclock. . on指时间表示：（1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日、某节日、星期几等。On Christmas Day（On May 4th）, there will be a celebration. （2）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。He arrived at 10 oclock on the night of the 5th. （3）准时，按时。If the train should be on time, I should reach home before dark. . at, in和on表示地点

8、时的区别 1. at表示地点：（1）用于指较小的地方。 I shall wait for you at the station. （2）用于门牌号码前。 He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road. 2. in表示地点：（1）用于指较大的地方。 He lives in Shanghai. （2）虽然是很小的地方，如果说话人住在那里，也可用in。商店、学校、机关等，若看作一个地点（point）用at，若看作一个场所（place）用in。I met him at the post-office. Im now working in the post-office. 3. on表示

9、地点，一般指与面或线接触，意为“在上；在旁”。The picture was hanging on the wall. New York is on the Hudson River.2: He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back.1） salary： 指按年定下，按月或星期平均给予的报酬，指脑力劳动者的薪水。wage： 多用复数形式，指按小时、日或星期的报酬，通常指体力劳动者的工资 2）:borrow:. 可用作及物或不及物动词。May I borrow

10、 your dictionary? 我可以借用你的词典吗?Some people neither borrow nor lend. 有的人既不借也不贷。Japanese has borrowed heavily from English. 日语借用了很多英语词汇。. 一般不接双宾语，若要表示类似意思可用 borrow sth from of sb （用介词 of 比 from 更正式）。I wanted to borrow some money from her, but she lent me nothing.我想向她借点钱，但她分文没借。下面三句同义。May I borrow your p

11、en? Please lend me your pen.Please lend your pen to me. 请把钢笔借给我。. borrow 表示借，是一时的动作，为终止性动词，因此它不与一段时间连用。 汉语中的“借用”，不一定都可用 borrow 来表示，一般说来，borrow 只表示借用那些能够带走的东西 （如：书、钱、车、用具等），而对于那些不能带走的东西 （如：电话、图书室、厕所等）则宜用use。May I use your telephone? 我可借用一下你的电话吗?但有时两者都可用。Can I borrow use your car on Sunday? 星期六我可以用你的车

12、吗? 3）: pay: spend, take, cost和pay的用法这四个词都有花费的意思。cost指花钱、时间、劳力等；take主要指花时间；pay指花钱；spend指花时间、钱等。 cost常以事物做主语，而不以人做主语。初中阶段关于花钱，花费时间的词常见的有以下五个：buy，cost，pay（for），spend和take。与时间有关的只有take和spend。buy，get主语是人,其常见结构为 buy sbsth或 buy sthfor sb I bought this book for 15yuanWould you please buy me a dictionary？ Le

13、t me buy get you a drink Buy one for mecost指花钱，表示价值或代价（此代价可以是时间）。主语是事或物或动词不定式短语。其常见结构是 cost sbsome money。The book costs 50 fen The dictionary cost me 6 yuan The work costs much time and laborpay（for），pay表示付给人家钱、账单等；pay for表示买东西付款，也表示替别人付钱。主语是人。其常见结构是 pay sbsome money，pay money for sthYou must pay me

14、 100 yuan a week for your mealsI have paid all my debts（债务） How much did you pay for that book？ Dont worry about moneyIll pay for youspend指花钱或花费时间。其常见结构分别为spend money on sth，spend time（in）doing sth。I spent six yuan on a new dictionary-How do you spend your spare time？-I spend my spare time writing b

15、ookstake指花钱（cost）It takes/costs me a lot of money to buy a big house= To buy a big house takes/costs me a lot of money.take用来说明做某事需要多少时间，有三种不同的结构：主语是人I took half an hour to get home yesterday She took the whole day to read the novel主语是某种活动The journey took me half an hour Reading the novel took her t

16、he whole day用形式主语itIt took me half an hour to get home yesterday It takes much time to do the shopping试看我六元钱买了一本词典的不同译法：aI bought the dictionary for six yuan bThe dictionary cost me 6yuancI paid six yuan for the dictionary dI spent six yuan on the dictionaryeIt took me six yuan to buy the dictionary

17、再看读这本书花了我一整天的时间aI spent the whole day reading the book bI took the whole day to read the bookcReading the book took me the whole day dIt took me the whole day to read the book例如：The composition cost（took）me three hours. How much did the radio cost you?这台无线电花了你多少钱？（不用take）The work cost them much labo

18、r.这件工作花费他们很大的劳动。It took them over two years to build the bridge.修建这座桥花了他们两年多的时间。I spend 50 dollars on the camera.买这架照相机，我花了50美元。He often spent his spare time（in）helping the poor.他经常利用业余时间帮助穷人。【注意】如要说这件上衣我花了20美元，可用下列几种表达方法The coat cost me 20 dollars.=I spent 20 dollars on the coat. =I paid 20 dollars

19、 for the coat.=I bought the coat for 20 dollars. =I bought the coat at the price of 20 dollars.3: Harry saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. 1）see:. see sb do sth 看见某人做过某事， I often see him draw a picture. see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事。When I pass the window I

20、see him drawing a picture. be seen to do ,用于被动语态还原to He is seen to draw a picture.2） Same 1. 表示“相同的”“同样的”等，通常与定冠词连用。Those two dresses are the same. 那两件衣服是一样的。You and I will work in the same office. 你和我将在同一办公室工作。口语中有时可省略 the。A：Happy Christmas. 祝圣诞快乐。B：Same to you. 也祝你圣诞快乐。Ill have a coffee. 我要一杯咖啡。Sa

21、me for me, please. 我也要一杯。I think shes awful. 我觉得她这个人糟透了。Same here. 我看也是。. 表示“与一样”，要用 the same as，不能用 as same as或 the same with like。She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感受和她一样。Hes angry because my marks are the same as his. 他很生气，因为我与他的分数一样。但是在its the same with（也一样）这一句式中可以用with。He wants to

22、 go abroad, and it is the same with me. 他想出国，我也一样。Butterflies come from caterpillars. Its the same with moths. 蝴蝶由毛虫演变而来。飞蛾也是一样。. 为了加强 the same 的语气，可说 much the same（大致一样）或 exactly the same（完全一样），但通常不说 quite the same。但有趣的是，在否定句中却可以说 not quite the same（不完全一样）。Thats not quite the same thing, is it? 那不完

23、全是一回事，对吗？. 用于 all the same, 主要用法有：（1） 用作形容词，意为“一样”“无所谓”。When shall we meet again? 我们什么时候再次碰头?Make it any day you like；its all the same to me. 随你定在哪天，我无所谓。（2） 用作副词，意为“仍然”“还是”。Thank you all the same.（不管怎样）我还是要谢谢你。It is a hot day but I shall enjoy a walk all just the same. 天气很热，但我还是要出去走走。. 比较 the samea

24、s与the samethat（1） 一般说来，用as表示同类物，用that表示同一物。This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这钢笔与我昨天丢失的一模一样。This is the same （=the very） pen that I lost yesterday. 这正是我昨天丢失的那枝钢笔。但以上区别只是大致的，在实际运用中，两者常可混用（尤其是当它们在所引导的定语从中作宾语时）。Meet me at the same place as you did yesterday. 你我在昨天见面的老地方碰头。He uses the same book

25、as that you do. 他用的书与你的一样。（2） 当从句没有动词（即有所省略）时，要用as。Youve made the same mistake as （=that you made） last time. 你犯了与上次一样的错误。（3） 当the same之后没有名词时，要用as。My stand on this is just the same as it was four years ago. 我对这问题的立场仍和4年前一样。根据情况，the same之后的名词有时也可用who, whom, where等引导的定语从句来修饰。Hes the same man that who

26、 we met yesterday. 他就是我们昨天遇见的那个人。Put the book back in the same place where you found it. 把书放回原处。4: While he was eating, I asked him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately.1） while:、while作名词用，表示“一会儿”“一段时间”。1.She likes to lie down for a while after lunch. 她喜欢午饭后躺一会儿

27、。2.Coming to another country to study requires a big adjustment and it takes a while to fit in. 来到另一个国家求学，需要花一段时间来适应。、While作连词（1）引导时间状语 。1.We must strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。2.While she was listening to the radio，she fell asleep. 她听着收音机睡着了。（2）引起让步状语从句，意思是“虽然但是.”、“尽管但是”（多放于句首）1.While he loves

28、his students，he is very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格。2.While these experiments are interesting and useful，it is important to remember that they may not always tell us much. 虽然这些实验很有趣也有用，但是很重要的是要记住，这些实验也可能不会告诉你很多。（3）引起条件状语，意思是“只要”。1.While there is life there is hope.只要生命存在，就有希望2.While there is a way there is away.有志者事竟成。、While作并列连词用，意思为“而，然而”，表对比。而but表转折。注意用心比较体会