最新推荐初中英语语法大全Word格式.docx

1、party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以兀音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有 名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Hen ry-He nrys6以辅音 字母加-0结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spia no-pia nos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可ze

2、ro-zeros/zeroes, volca no-volca no es/ volca nos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, mon th-m on ths, path-paths,2.不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下:改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-me n, woma n-wome n, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice单复数相同sheep, deer, me

3、ans, works, fish, yua n, ji n.只有复数形式trousers, clothes, tha nks, goods, glasses,一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体） 也可以作复数（成员）class, family, crowd, couple, group, gover nment, populati on, team, public, party复数形式表示特别含义customs（海关）,times（时代）,spirits（情绪）, drin ks（饮料）,san ds（沙 滩）,papers（文 件报纸）, lo

4、oks（外表）,brains（头脑智力）,greens（青菜）表示“某国人”America ns, Australia ns, Germa ns, Greeks, Swedes, Europea ns单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chin ese, Japa nese以-man或-woman结尾的改 为-me n,-wome nEn glishme n, Fren chwome n合成名词将主体名词变为复数son s-i n-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分 变为复数grow

5、 n-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数wome n sin gers, men serva ntsIII.名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加 构成，二是由介词 of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。单数名词在末尾加sthe boy s father, Jack ook, sibr son-in-law s photo,复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother,不规则复数名词后加Sthe children s toys, wo

6、men s rights,以s结尾的人名所有格加或者Dicke ns no vels, Charles s job, the Smiths ho表示各自的所有关系时，各名词末尾 均须加sJapan s and America s problems, Jane s arbikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词 末加SJapan and America s problems, Jane and Mary表示某人家店铺，所有格 后名词省略the doctor s, the barber s, the tailor s1.所有格的构成:used Mary ss father,my uncle2.所有格

7、的用法:表示时间today s newspaper, five weeks holiday3.of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西： the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时： the classrooms of the first-year stude nts用于名词化的词： the struggle of the oppressed二冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an）,定冠词（the）,和零冠词。不定冠词的用法:指一类人或事，相当于 a kind ofA pla ne is a mach ine that c

8、an fly.第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is wait ing for you.表示每一相当于 every, oneWe study eight hours a day.表示 相冋 相当于 the sameWe are n early of an age.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与 某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you whe n you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng.用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, ha

9、ve a walk, many a time用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.用于 so（as, too, how）+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II.定冠词的用法:表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful ani mal.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the uni verse, the moon, the Pacific Ocea n表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过 的人或事Would y

10、ou mind ope ning the door?用于乐器前面play the violi n, play the guitar用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the liv ing, the woun ded表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Gree ns, the Wangs用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高 级前He is the taller of the two childre n.用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群 岛的名词前the Un ited States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于表示发明物的单数

11、名词前The compass was inven ted in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个 年代in the 1990 11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示 时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.III.零冠词的用法:专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名 地名等名词前Beiji ng Un iversity, Jack, Chi na, love, air名词前有 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want

12、this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐刖March, Sun day, Nati onal Day, spri ng表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lin col n was made Preside nt of America.学科，语言，球类，棋类名词刖He likes play ing football/chess.与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husba nd and wife, knife and fork, day

13、 and ni ght表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful an imals.三代词：代词可以分为以下七大类:人称主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they代词宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them物主形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, th

14、emselves指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as不定代词one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,other/ ano ther, all/ both, n either/ eitherII.不定代词用法注意点：1.one, some

15、 与 any:1）one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为 one& some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。One should lear n to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I don t have any bookmarks.I have some questio ns to ask.2）some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。Would you like some banan as?Could you give me some mon ey?3）some和any修饰可数名词单数时， so

16、me表示某个，any表示任何一个。I have read this article in some magaz ine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.4）some和数词连用表示“大约”， any可与比较级连用表示程度。There are some 3,000 stude nts in this school.Do you feel any better today?2.each 禾口 every:each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而 every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。Each stude nt has a pocket d

17、ict ion ary. / Each （of us） has a dict ion ary. / We each have a dict ion ary.Every stude nt has strong and weak poin ts. / Every one of us has strong and weak poin ts.3.none 禾口 no：no等于not any,作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名 词，谓语单复数皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in th

18、e bottle? None.None of the stude nts are （is） afraid of difficulties.4.other 和 another:1） other 泛指另外的，别的”常与其他词连用， 如如: the other day, every other week, some otherreas on, no other way,the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为 the others。如：He held a book in one hand and his no tes in the other.Two stude nts in our clas

19、s failed, but all the others passed the exam.2） an other指又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是 others，泛指别的人或事”如:I don t like this shirt, please show me another （one）.The trousers are too long, please give me ano ther pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.5.all 和 both, neither 和 eitherall表示

20、不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。 both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither 禾口 none.All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.四形容词和副词形容词：1.形容词的位置：1）形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置:修饰 some, any, every, n

21、o 禾口 body, thing, one 等构成 的复合不定代词时no body abse nt, everythi ng possible以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最咼级或 修饰的名词之后on lythe best book available, the only soluti on possiblealive, alike, awake, aware, asleep 等可以后置the only pers on awake和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long成对的形容词可以后置a huge room simple and beautif

22、ul形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on with2）多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序:数词性状形容词冠词 前的 形容 词冠词 指示代词 不定代词 代词所有 格序数 词基数 词性质状态大小长短形状新旧 温度颜色国籍 产地材料质地名 词all both suchthe a this ano ther yoursecond n extone fourbeautiful good poorlarge short squarenewcoolblack yellowChin eseLondonsilk stone3）复合形容词的构成:形容词+名词+edkin d-heart

23、ed名词+形容词world-famous形容词+形容词dark-blue名词+现在分词peace-lovi ng形容词+现在分词ordin ary-look ing名词+过去分词sno w-covered副词+现在分词hard-work ing数词+名词+edthree-egged副词+过去分词n ewly-built数词+名词twen ty-yearII.副词副词的分类:时间副soon, now, early, fin ally, on ce, recen tly频度副词always, ofte n, freque ntly, seldom, n ever地点副here, n earby,

24、outside, upwards, above疑问副词how, where, whe n, why方式副hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really连接副词how, whe n, where, why, whether, however, mean while程度副almost, n early, very, fairly, quite, rather关系副词whe n, where, whyIII.形容词和副词比较等级：形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级， 比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词

25、前加 more和most。1.同级比较时常常用 as as 以及 not so（as） a如:- I am not so good a player as you are.2.可以修饰比较级的词有： much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, agreat deal。3.表示一方随另一方变化时用 the more the more 句型。The harder you work, themore progress you will make.4.用比较级来表达最高级的意思。 I have neve

26、r spent a more worryi ng day.5.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.6.表示最高程度的形容词没有最高级和比较级。 女如： favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect o五介词介词分类:简单介词about, across, after, aga in st, among, ar

27、ound, at, below, bey ond, duri ng, in, on合成介词in side, in to, on to, out of, outside, throughout, upon, with in, without短语介词accord ing to, because of, i nstead of, up to, due to, owing to, tha nks to双重介词from among, from beh ind, from un der, till after, i n betwee n分词转化成的介 词considering（就而论）,including形容词转化成的 介词like, un like, n ear, n ext, oppositeII.常用介词区别:表示时间的in, on, atat表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关表示时间的 si nee, fromsince指从过去到现在的一段时间，和元成时连用， from指从时间的某一点开始表示时间的in, afterin指在一段时间之后，after表示某一具