06 语态之被动语态文档格式.docx

1、（2） 需要强调动作的对象时。Calculator cant be used in the maths exam.（计算器不能用于数学考试。Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. （阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走。He was awarded first prize in that contest.（他在比赛中获得了第一。（3）为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month

2、. （新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。（4）说话或发表意见时,为了显得客观公正,也常用被动语态。 常用句型:It is said that 据说 It is reported that据报道It is hoped that 希望 It is believed that 人们相信It is said that Japans industrial progress after the war was very remarkable.据说战后日本的工业进步非常显著。 如何将主动语态变成被动语态:1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。例1.主动语态：人们说英语。People spe

3、ak English in many countries.被动语态：_例2.我们造这座桥。We built this bridge last year.2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。小王邀请你（宾语） Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.你不准带走杂志（宾语） You must not take these magazines out of the reading room.例3.他们授给他（宾语）一枚奖章（宾语）.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.他（宾语）被授予一枚奖章._一

4、枚奖章（宾语）被授给了他._总结：1. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2. 把谓语动词变为被动结构（be done）, 注意虽然其人称和数随主语的变化而变化, 但动词的时态保持不变。3. 把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语,若主语是人称代词,则把主格变为宾语（by 短语可以省略）。【例题精讲】例1.Children （not allow） to play frightening games.例2.The Great Wall （know） by people all over the world.例3.All the buildings （turn） into hospital

5、s recently.例4.How long can these magazines （keep）? 不同句型的被动语态陈述句改为被动句 He was making a model plane._ 一般疑问句改为被动句 Did Mikes teacher give much homework yesterday?_ 特殊疑问句改为被动句 When will Jack finish his homework?What did Lindas father mend last night? _ 各种时态的被动语态一般地讲，被动语态可用于英语的各种时态。为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的

6、各种时态变化。一般现在时am / is / are doneOur classroom _（clean） every day.This car _（make） in China.一般过去时was/were doneHis desk _（clean） just now.The station _（build） in 1928.一般将来时（A） will / shall be done（B） am / is / are going to be doneSome new factories _（build） in our city this year.Your watch _（mend） in an

7、 hour.过去将来时（1）would / should be done （2）was / were going to be doneShe said that some new factories _（build） soon in our city.He thought that your watch _（mend） after an hour.现在进行时am / is / are being doneA new factory _（build） in our city now.Some trees _（cut down） in the park.过去进行时was / were being

8、doneA new factory _（build） in our city at that time.Some babies _（look after） by Miss Chen all day yesterday.现在完成时have / has been doneSome new factories _（build） in the city since last year.Your watch _（mend） already.过去完成时had been doneHe said that some new factories _（build） in the city.I didnt know

9、 that my watch _（mend）.情态动词情态动词 + be doneHe can not be found. I must be paid for this.小试身手请用下面括号内单词的适当形式填空：1）A speech _ （give） this afternoon.2）The classroom_ （clean） every day.3）Some effective measures _ （take） since last year.4）My mothers favorite vase_ （break） yesterday.5）The book _ （read） four t

10、imes by the end of last semester.6）An amusement park_ （build） in our city now.7）The technician told me that my watch_ （repair） in 1 hour.8）The problem _ （discuss） this time yesterday.9）He said that he _ （invite） to the party.10）Thousands of trees _ （plant） in this area by the end of this year.11）The

11、 clothes _ （deliver） to the poor area next month. 被动语态的易错点1.带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语； 把指“人”的间接宾语作被动语态的主语, 指“物”的直接宾语不动； 把指“物”的直接宾语作被动语态的主语, 间接宾语前加介词to或for； She gave me a book. （变为被动语态） I was given a book by her.（间接宾语me改为了主语） A book was given to me by her.（直接宾语a book改为了主语）

12、以下动词与介词to搭配：award, bring, give, hand, leave, lend, mail, play, post, promise, pass, read, return, recommend（推荐）, sell, send, serve（招待）, show, sing, take, teach, tell, throw, write以下动词与介词for搭配：boil, book, bring, build, buy, call, catch, change, choose, cook, cut, do, draw, fetch, find, fix, gather, g

13、et, keep, leave, make, order, pick, prepare, reserve（预留）, sing, save请改写下列句子，保持句意不变：1）My father bought me a Mini Cooper.物做主语：_人做主语：2）The waiter has not brought us the coffee.2短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。 This dictionary mustnt _ from the libraryAtake away Btaken away Care taken away

14、Dbe taken away She will take good care of the children（变被动语态）The children will _ _ _ _ _ （by her）Such a thing has never been _ _. 这件事前所未闻。The radio has just been _ _. 收音机刚刚被关上。3含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，原来的宾语补足语不变，成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。有这种用法的常用动词有：一感二听三使（使役动词）四看feelhear、listen to

15、make、let、havesee、watch、notice、observe一感二听三使四看，主动语态to省略，被动语态to还原。see sb do sth（主动语态）sb be seen to do（被动语态）We call him Daming.（变被动）He _ _ Daming.Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（变被动）He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday4不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be done”。The radio says a wild animal zo

16、o is to _ in our cityAbe building Bbuild Cbe built DbuiltThe child is sure to be _ _ that. 那个孩子肯定会因为那件事受罚的。5以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。Who has broken the cup？（改为被动语态）By whom has the cup been broken？6. 注意被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事

17、物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：The window is broken窗子破了。（系表结构）The window is broken by him窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。He was very interested in science他对科学有极大兴趣。I was so much surprised at the scene that I didnt know what to do我被那种场面搞

18、得大吃一惊，不知所措。例1. Many accidents _by careless drivers last year. A. are causedB. were caused C. have caused D. will cause 例2.Driving after drinking wine _ in China. A. allows B. doesnt allow C. is allowed D. isnt allowed例3.Many trees and flowers _ in our city every year. A. planted B. are planted C. we

19、re plantedD. plants7. 牢记（相关）句型与被动语态相关的句型有：1be covered with被覆盖2be made of由制作（发生物理变化）be made from由制作（发生化学变化）be made in由（某地）制造be made by被（某人）制造3be used for被用来be used as被当作（作为）来使用be used to do sth被用来做某事4It is said that.据说It is hoped that.希望It is well known that.众所周知Your coat looks niceIs it _ cotton？Yes

20、It s ShanghaiAmade of；made by Bmade of；made in Cmade for；made by Dmade for；made in This machine is used _ the room wetAfor keeping Bas keeping CKeep Dto keeping 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。_ _ _ that _ _ is being _ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing 被动语态难点1：主动表示被动以下是简单句五种基本句式：主语+不及物动词主语+系动词+表语主语+及物动词+宾语主语+及物动词

21、+双宾语主语+及物动词+宾语+补语被动语态构成形式是be+及物动词的过去分词，而这两种句式没有及物动词，所以只能用主动形式表被动意义了。也可以说不及物动词和系动词无被动。1.两种句式SV+adv主语+谓语+副词不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见的动词是:cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep, clean, run, ride, wear 等。若有状语well, easily, badly来修饰时，用主动形式表达被动意义。此类句式用于描述某个事物起来样。The car drives easily.

22、这辆车开起来容易。（车本应是被开）The pen _ _. 这枝钢笔写字流畅。The book _ _. 这本书很畅销。SVP 主语+系动词+表语（形容词）系动词用主动表示被动或者可以说无被动The apple _（尝起来） good.2.两种非谓语动词从语态角度去观察非谓语动词三种形式，只有done表被动，to do和doing都是主动形式。doingneed/want/require/deserve+doing=need/want/ require/ deserve + to be done花需要被浇水。The flowers need watering=The flowers need

23、_ _ _.be worth doing sth. 某事值得做be worth doing=be worthy to be done=be worthy of being doneThis book is worth_.这本书值得（被）读。The film is worth_.这部电影值得看。to do 有: there be, have, with,有很多书要我去读。There are many books for me to read.我有很多衣服要洗。I have many clothes to wash（自己洗）to be washed（被别人洗）有很多书要读，我不能出去。With many books to read, I cant go out.（with复合结构无to be done） 短语be to blame（被责备）be to let（rent）被出租1类形容词：1）作表语用的形容词, 如easy, difficult, hard,