中考定语从句精华版Word格式.docx

1、 合并为一个句子She has long hair.思路：留（保留先行词）-舍（舍去与先行词互指的词）-替（用关系词代替舍去部分）Mary is a girl who/that has long hair.请把下列句子二句合一 1. I saw the man. He closed the door 2.The girl is happy. She won the race 3.The man called the police . His wallet was stolen （五） 定语从句关系词的确定:a.先行词的分类b.先行词在从句中充当的成分1.先行词做主语 人：who/that 物：

2、which/that2.先行词做宾语 人：who/whom/that3.先行词做定语 人：whosewhose/of which4.先行词做状语：when, where, whywho, whom, whose, that用法区别.who /that作定语从句的主语或宾语. The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker. 做题思路：先分解分析再合并分解 The man is a worker. The man is speaking at the meeting. 作主语Whom /that作定语从句的宾语 The woman（

3、 whom/that） they wanted to visit is a teacher.分解 The woman is a teacher. They wanted to visit the woman. 作宾语注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.whose 作定语从句的定语. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解 I know the girl. The girls mother is a teacher. 作定语小结：关系词判断步骤首先，要辨别出先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用who, that whom, whose。如果先

4、行词指物,关系词可能用which或that然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词 主语 宾语 定语 人who, thatwho（m）, that whose 物 which, thatwhich, that whose, of which巩固练习：用适当代关系词填空1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a f

5、ootball player.（六）只能用that,不能用which的情况： （1）先行词为all, everything，anything，nothing, something, nothing ,few, little, much, the one等不定代词时； （2）先行词被形容词最高级所修饰或被the only, the very, the last, any, few, little , no, all, one of 等修饰时： （3）先行词为数词或被序数词（含 last）修饰时。 （4）先行词是并列词组既有人又有物时。 （5）在以who, which开头的句子中为了避免重复。口诀

6、：不定代词这一伙，全用that准没错 先行词前有修饰，千万不能用which.请在以下例句中体会以上规则：1. Here is something that I will tell you.2.We havent got much that we can offer you.3. Is it the one that you want ?4.This is the most interesting story that I have ever heard.5. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I see.6.Which

7、 is the bike that you lost?7.Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?（七）只能使用which 的情况1.关系代词前有介词时；2.先行词本身是 that 时；3.非限定定语从句口诀:要有which别着急， 介词提前逗隔离。e.g:1.This is the classroom in which we studied for two year. 2.She has two dolls，which are from her parents单项选择：1. This is the bag _ my mother bo

8、ught yesterday. A. thatB. who C. whom D. this2. The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary. B. whose C. whichD. as3. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the oneB. which C. who D. whom4.Is this factory a lot of students visited ? D. who5. The only language _ is easy to learn i

9、s the mother tongue. A. whichB. that C. /D. it6. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. B. in which C. thatD. all7. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one whoD. The students who注意：当关系词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致。若句中无先行词，先补出先行词再

10、判断用法。（4,7题）完成下列句子：1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生. who saved the boy s lifeThis is the doctor 2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔. who is running The man is my uncle.3.我看见一位钱包丢失了的妇女。I saw a woman whose bag was stolen /whose bag was lost.4. 住在隔壁的那个小伙的是教师.The young man is a teacher. who lives next door注意：定语从句的时态不受主句影响。【定语从句中考真题演练】1、Ther

11、e are lots of things _ I need to prepare before the trip. （河北省卷）A. who B. that C. whom D. whose2、Jim dislikes people _talk much but never do anything. （吉林省通化市）A.whom B.when C.whose D.who3、I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for his holiday. （江苏省南京市） -Oh,how nice!Do you know when he_?A.left B.was leaving

12、 C.has left D.had left4、We are trying to help those children _lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province. （浙江省衢州市） A. which B. when C. who D. whose5、Do you know the girl _is singing in the classroom? （湖南长沙） A.who B.which C.when6、The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu. （江苏省扬州市） -Yes.They a

13、re helping the people _are suffering from the earthquake.A.which B.what C./ D.who7、Have you found the answer to the question _I asked you this morning? （四川省成都市）A.when B.what C.that8、Friends are those_ make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. （河南省） A which B what C

14、 whom D who9、I began to work in Shanghai in the year _ HongKong was returned to China. （湖北省十堰市）A.that B.which C.where D.when10、This is the school _ I studied three years ago. （山东省菏泽市） A. where B. when C. that D. which11、What do you usually do in your leisure time? （黑龙江省哈尔滨市）I enjoy reading in the li

15、brary _ I lose myself in a world of good books.A. which B. that C. where12、The village _I visited last year has changed a lot. （福建省福州市） -Really?I hope to go there on day.A.that B.who C.when13、This is my beautiful school _ is near the famous library. （广西省桂林市） A. where B. which C. who D. when14、The ol

16、d woman _ is wearing a pair of glasses _ Mrs. Black. （黑龙江省鸡西市） A. which, are B. who, are C. who, is15、Do you like music _ makes you relaxed? （广西省定西市）A. it B. what C. who D. that 在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词

17、。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用1. 连接作用连接先行词和定语从句。 I gave her all the money that I had. 我把我所有的钱都给了她。（that 连接先特词 money和定语从句I had） 2. 替代作用在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 The man who lives nest door is a famous teacher. 住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（who 替代the man） 3. 成分作用在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 I like picrures which are painted in

18、the traditional Chinese style. 我喜欢传统的中国画。（which在定语从句中作主语）一、关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。AWho 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 What was the name of the man who lent you the money? 借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词the man） He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰

19、先行词he） The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right. 会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词the chairman）BWhom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom可省略或可用who来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。 There are some people whom/who we like and others whom/who we dislike. 有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others

20、） The people whom/who I work with are all friendly. 和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词the people） Mr. Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan. Mr. Carter, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan. 昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用wh

21、o代替whom） Two men, neither of whom I had ever seen before, came into my office. 两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用who） CWhose 人、物皆可，做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往往是从属关系。 There are some people whose faces you can never forget. 有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词people） I saw some trees whose leaves were black because

22、 of the polluted air. 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词trees）DWhich 1指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。 English is a language which is easy to learn. 英语是一门容易学的语言。（which在定语从句中作主语，不能省略） The children like cookies （which） my wife makes. 孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。（关系代词which作makes的宾语，可以省略） 2which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于and this。

23、Jim passed his driving test, which surprised everybody. 吉姆通过了驾驶考试，这使大家都感到惊讶。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the driving test） Sheila couldnt come to the party, which was a pity. 希拉不能来参加聚会，真遗憾。（定语从句修饰的是整个主句，而不是the party） 3which在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。 John stayed here for a week, during which time we visited the West La

24、ke together. 约翰在这里呆了一星期，在此期间我们一起游了西湖。 It might snow this weekend, in which case we wont go to Beijing. 周末可能下雪，在这种情况下，我们就不去北京了。EThat 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语（做宾语时常可省略）。 He is the man that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。（定语从句修饰先行词the man，作主语） I dont like stories that have unhappy endin

25、gs. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。（定语从句修饰先行词stories，作主语） The dress （that） Ann bought doesnt fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。（定语从句修饰先行词the dress，that作宾语可省略） Is there anything （that） I can do for you? 有我能为你效劳的事吗？（定语从句修饰先行词anything，that作宾语，可省略） 在口语中，that有时还可以作关系副词，相当于when或 介词+which 结构。 We left the day （that） he arrived. 他来

26、的那一天，我们就走了。（that替when） He doesnt see things the way （that） we see them. 他看问题的方法和我们不一样。（that代替in which） Imagine the speed （that） he drives his car! 很难想象，他开车的速度那么快！（that代替at which）F其他关系代词 as 和but也可作关系代词，引导定语从句。1As as可以在限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中作主语或宾语。 在限制性定语从句中，as可跟在由such, so, the same修饰的先行词之后。 Such men as he

27、ard him were deeply moved. 听过他说话的人，都会深受感动。（as在定语从句中作heard的主语） Ive never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。（as在定语从句中作tell的宾语） He lifted so heavy a stone as no one else can lift. 他搬起别人都搬不起的大石头。（as在定语从句中lift的宾语）比较： 在the same as结构中，as也可用that代替。但严格地说，the same as强调相同，the same that注重同一。 She wo

28、re the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的衣裙。（as指的是与先行词相似的同类事物） She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。（that指的是与先行词同一事物） 在非限制性定语从句中，as可代表主句整个句子，引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，一般用逗号与主句分开。 As everyone knows, Taiwan belongs to China. 众所周知，台湾属于中国的领土。 He is from the outh, as we can know from his accen