M3U3 主谓一致1.docx

1、M3U3 主谓一致1Module 3 Unit 3 GrammarPart 1宾语补足语(Object complement)一、定义：用于宾语后，对宾语作出进一步的补充或者说明。二、结构：动词+宾语+宾语补足语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、to do、doing、done或从句）1. Years of hard work made his hands what they are today.2. The reason he did that was to make his family happy.3. We wish all of you to succeed in getting wh

2、at you want.4. The boy saw the kite up and down.5. The cruel king made his servants work day and night.6. To his surprise, he found his son in pretty good health after the fierce competition.7. The commander kept the soldier waiting for nearly a whole day.8. Did you really see him beaten by his fath

3、er?注意： 1）宾语补足语与某些及物动词后面的双宾语中的直接宾语形式相似，但宾语与宾语补足语之间有主谓逻辑关系，而双宾语无此关系。2）有些动词后，用带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。这些常见动词有：ask, tell, invite, force, get, beg, allow, wish, want, prefer, intend, expect, encourage, advise, persuade, permit, cause, teach, like, order, remind, request, warn等。 3) 有些动词后，用不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。 这些常见的动词有

4、：使役动词let, make, have; 感官动词：feel, hear, listen to，see, watch, notice, observe, look at, find, smell,等。但在被动语态中， 作主语补足语时，不定式前要用to. 如：Did you notice a man in black enter the library?The thief was seen to enter the house.Part Two主谓一致（Subject-object agreement）主谓一致（agreement），是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。主谓一致的三个原则

5、：主谓一致涉及三个基本原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。一、语法一致原则语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子不想与我一起度假。Most Londoners are not happy with the idea. 大多数伦敦人不赞同这个主张。1. 各种不同形式的主语主语是一个单数名词、一个不可数名词、一个动名词短语、一个不定式短语或一个从句时，谓语多用单数形式；主语是复数名词，两个或两个

6、以上动名词短语、不定式短语或从句时，谓语多用复数形式。Giving up using the Internet _(be) the best decision Ive ever made. What attracts people to California _(be) its pleasant climate and relaxed lifestyle.Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _(be) essential to their development.Professor Ja

7、mes will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ (have) not been decided yet.What may surprise you _(be) that Im going to the US this July on a summer camp.2. 用and（或both. and）连接并列主语用and（或both. and）连接并列主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。Both industry and agriculture _(have) been greatly developed t

8、hese years. 这几年工农业大大地发展了。Bushwalking, fishing, horse riding, tennis, golf and sailing _(be) all popular.注意：当and连接的两个名词是指组合到一起的一件完整的或成套的东西，或表示同一个人或一种概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。The writer and teacher _(be) speaking at the meeting. 这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。A needle and thread _(be) given to her, but she could not sew the but

9、ton on. 针线给了她，但她不会把钮扣缝起来。Going to bed early and getting up early _(be) a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。（going to bed early and getting up early 被看成同一概念）Bread and butter _(be) his usual breakfast. 他经常以黄油面包当早餐。A cart and horse _(be) seen in the distance. 远方看见一辆马车。3. 后接介词短语等的主语 .主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together

10、with, along with, as well as, besides, like, but, except, including, in addition to, such as等，谓语动词的人称和数根据前面的主语的人称和数来确定。She as well as the other students _(have) learned how to type她和其他学生一样，也学会了如何打字The students, together with their teacher, _(be) going to have a picnic this weekend. Pronunciation, as

11、 well as grammar and vocabulary, _(change) very quickly from one area to another.The teacher together with the students _(be) discussing Reading Skills that _(be) newly published in America. A professor, together with some students, _(have) moved into a new laboratory一位教授和几个学生搬到新实验室里去了。Nobody but th

12、e students _(be) in the classroom只有学生在教室里。4. 不定代词作主语主语是one, another, the other, either, each, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时，谓语动词用单数形式。Nobody _(know) exactly how many species of plants and animals there _(be) o

13、n Earth.One _(be)from the USA and the other two _(be) from the UK. All we need _(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. Each of us _(have) read the book.我们每个人都已经看过这本书。注意：each若放在主语后作同位语时，each不决定谓语的单复数。They each _(have) a d

14、ictionary. = Each of them _(have)a dictionary.5. 复数形式的名词作主语主语是glasses, shorts, shoes, gloves, scissors, trousers等复数名词时，谓语用复数形式。若其前有”pairkindtype+of”时，谓语动词的数一般与pair, kind, type等的数一致。 The trousers _(be) all right. Now please try on the shirt.A pair of shoes _(be) lying under the bed.More than 100 mill

15、ion pairs of gloves _(be) produced in this factory each year.6. 定语从句中关系代词作主语引导定语从句的关系代词who，which，that在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与定语从句所修饰的先行词在人称和数上保持一致。例如：We saw abandoned farms which _(build) more than a hundred years ago.I turned around and glared at the person who _(be) humming. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _(wear) evening dress. 7. “more than one+单数名词”与“many a+单数名词”作主语“mo