视听说听力原文lesson113Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、The lecture for this class is about the city of Pompeii. A natural disaster occurred there almost 2000 years ago.Today many rich people who live in large metropolitan areas such as Beijing, Paris and New York leave the city in the summer. They go to the mountains or to the seashore to escape the cit

2、y noise and heat.2,000 years ago, wealthy Romans did the same thing.They left the city of Rome in the summer. Many of these wealthy Romans spent their summers in the city of Pompeii, a beautiful city, located on the Bay of Naples.In the summer of the year 79 C.E., a young Roman boy who later became

3、a very famous Roman historian was visiting his uncle in P. The boys name was Pliny the Younger. One day Pliny was looking up at the sky. He saw a frightening sight. It was a very large dark cloud. This black cloud rose high into the sky. What Pliny saw was the eruption of the volcano called Mount Ve

4、suvius.Rock and ash flew through the air. The city of P . was at the foot of Mt. V. When the volcano first erupted, many people were able to get out of the city and to escape death. In fact, 18,000 people escaped the terrible disaster. Unfortunately, there was not enough time for everyone to escape.

5、 More than 2,000 people died. These unlucky people were buried alive under the volcanic ash.The eruption lasted for about 3 days. When the eruption was over, P . was buried under 20 feet of volcanic rock and ash. The city of P . was forgotten for almost 1,700 years.In the year of 1748 an Italian far

6、mer was digging on his farm. As he was digging, he uncovered a part of a wall of the ancient city of P. Soon archaeologists began to dig in the area. As time went by, much of the ancient city of P. was uncovered. Today tourists come from all over the world to see the ruins of the famous city of Pomp

7、eii.Lesson 4 Roller CoasterLets talk about the physics involved in a ride on a roller coaster. Im sure many of you have taken a ride on a roller coaster. A simple roller coaster consists of a frame with a track on it. The track is very much like a train track, this track goes over a series of hills

8、and around curves. It follows a path that ends at the same place it started. A train of cars travels around on this track, very fast. The cars have two sets of wheels. One set of wheels rolls on top of the track, and the others set of wheels rolls below the track. The wheels below the track keep the

9、 fast moving cars from coming off the track, roller coaster cars as you probably know dont have any motors or engines. Instead, a chain pulls the cars up the first, tallest and steepy staff hill, this is how the ride begins. Then, at the top of the hill the chain comes off the cars and gravity takes

10、 over. gravity pushes the cars down the other side of the hill. the taller and steeper the first hill is, the faster the ride will be. And the farther the cars will travel. as the cars rolled downhill they gained speed. the cars have enough speed and energy to send them up the next hill. as the cars

11、 near the top of the second hill they begin to slow down. but then, the cars reached the top of that hill, and start down the other side. gravity again pushes them toward the ground. this process repeats on each hale. Okay, so lets go over this process again. first, the cars are pulled by a chain up

12、 the first highest hill. then they go down a very steep slope, at this point, there is enough energy to pull the cars up and over the next hill. when they reached the bottom of that hill, there is enough energy to climb the next hill, the roller coaster cars lose energy as the ride continues. so, th

13、e hills have to be smaller toward the end of the track, finally we roll to a stop on ground level right where we began.=Lesson 5 Language: How Children Acquire TheirsWhat Id lie to talk to you about today is the topic of child language development. I know that you all are trying to develop a second

14、language, but for a moment, lets think about a related topic, and that is: How children develop their first language.What do we know about how babies develop their language and communication ability? Well, we know babies are able to communicate as soon as they are born,even before they learn to spea

15、k their first language. At first, they communicate by crying. This crying lets their parents know when they are hungry, or unhappy, or uncomfortable. However, they soon begin the process of acquiring their language. The first state of language acquisition begins just a few weeks after birth. At this

16、 stage, babies start to make cooing noises when they are happy. Then, around four months of age they begin to babble. Babies all over the world begin to babble around the same age, and they all begin to make the same kinds of babbling noises. Now, by the time they are ten months old, however, the ba

17、bbling of babies from different language backgrounds sounds different. For example, the babbling of a baby in a Chinese-speaking home sounds different from the babbling of a baby in an English-speaking home. Babies begin a new stage of language development when they begin to speak their first words.

18、 At first, they invent their own words for things. For example, a baby in an English-speaking home may say baba for the word bottle or kiki for cat. In the next few months, babies will acquire a lot of words. These words are usually the names of things that are in the babys environment, words for fo

19、od or toys, for example. They will begin to use these words to communicate with others. For example, if a baby holds up an empty juice bottle and then says juice, to his father, the baby seems to be saying, I want more juice, Daddy or May I have more juice, Daddy? This word juice is really a one-wor

20、d sentence.Now, the next stage of language acquisition begins around the age of 18 months, when the babies begin to say two-word sentences. They begin to use a kind of grammar to put these words together. The speech they produce is called telegraphic speech because the babies omit all but the most e

21、ssential words. An English-speaking child might say something like Daddy, up which actually could mean Daddy, pick me up, please. Then, between two and three years of age, young children begin to learn more and more grammar. For example, they begin to use the past tense of verbs. The children begin

22、to say things such as I walked home and I kissed Mommy. They also begin to overgeneralize this new grammar rule and make a log of grammar mistakes. For example, children often say such thins as I goed to bed instead of I went to bed, or I eated ice cream instead of I ate ice cream. In other words, t

23、he children have learned the past tense rule for regular verbs such as walk and kiss, but they havent learned that they cannot use this rule for all verbs. Some verbs like eat are irregular, and the past tense forms for irregular verbs must be learned individually. Anyway, these mistakes are normal,

24、 and the children will soon learn to use the past tense for regular and irregular verbs correctly. The children then continue to learn other grammatical structures in the same way.If we stop to think about it, actually its quite amazing how quickly babies and children all over the world learn their

25、language and how similar the process is for babies all over the world.Do you remember anything about how you learned your first language during the early years of your life? Think about the process for a minute. What was your first word? Was it mama or maybe papa? Now think also about the process of

26、 learning English as a second language. Can you remember the first word you learned in English? I doubt that it was mama. Now, think about some of the similarities and differences involved in the processes of child and adult language learning. Well talk about some similarities and differences in the

27、 first and second language learning processes tomorrow. See you then.Lesson 7 RobotsWhenpeoplethinkaboutarobot,theyoftenpicturemachinethatlookssomethinglikehumanbeing.However,thatsnotalwaysthecase.Mostrobotsdolookmuchbeingatall,machinesbecausewhatmostofthemare-industrialmachines.Today,Imgoingtotalkmostlyusedinindustry.The