Unit 11 How was your school trip 知识讲解Word文档格式.docx

1、一般疑问句：Be there +主语+地点/时间状语？提问可数名词的数量用：How many +可数 n. 复数+ were there +地点/时间状语?提问不可数名词的数量用：How much +不可数 n. + was there +地点/时间状语?提问主语用：What was +地点/时间状语?1） There was a car and two buses at school yesterday . 昨天学校里有一辆小汽车和两辆公共汽车。2） There were 600 students and a teacher at school last week .上周学校里有600学生和

2、一位老师。3） There was a book on the sofa yesterday . There wasnt a book on the sofa yesterday . Was there a book on the sofa yesterday?提问a：How many books were there on the sofa yesterday?提问a book：What was on the sofa yesterday ?4） There was some milk in the fridge yesterday . There wasnt any milk in the

3、 fridge yesterday .Was there any milk in the fridge yesterday?提问some：How much milk was there in the fridge yesterday?提问some milk：What was in the fridge yesterday? 行为动词一般过去时的句子构成：主语+谓语动词的过去式+主语+ didnt+谓语动词原形+Did+主语+谓语动词原形+ ？1） He went swimming yesterday . 昨天他去游泳了。2） He did his homework last night .昨天

4、晚上他做作业了。3）They watched TV yesterday evening . 他们昨天晚上看电视了。4） She didnt read books yesterday . 她昨天没看书。5） They didnt wash the dishes yesterday morning . 他们昨天上午没洗衣服。6） Did you buy a car last year ? Yes, I did . / No, I didnt . 你去年买汽车了？是的，我买了。/ 不，我没买。7） Did he order mutton noodles ? Yes , he did . / No,

5、he didnt . 他定羊肉面条了吗？ 是的，他定了。/ 不，他没定。四）动词过去时形式的构成：特殊动词的过去式：1） am /is was ; are were ; do did ; go went ; 2） get got ; forget forgot;3） pay paid ; say said ;4） blow blew; grow grew ; draw drew; fly flew ;5） begin began; have had; come came ; drink drank ;eat ate ; run ran ; sing sang; sit sat ;swim sw

6、am;6）wear wore ; ride rode; drive drove;write wrote ; wake woke ; speak spoke;7）buy bought ; bring brought; fight fought ;think thought; teach taught ; catch caught ;8）keep kept ; sleep slept ; feel felt ; leave left ; spend spent ; feed fed ;9）tell told ; sell sold ;10）read read; cut cut ; cost cos

7、t;hit hit ; hurt hurt ; let let ; put put ;11）make made; take took 规则动词的过去式构成: 通过在动词词尾加ed构成,具体规则如下:1）一般情况下直接加ed: brushed; cooked; called; climbed; cleaned;dreamed; enjoyed; finished helped; joined;jumped; killed; listened; looked; learned; missed; ordered; played; picked; relaxed; rained; showed; st

8、ayed; shouted; snowed;talked; turned; visited; washed; walked;watched; wished; worked; needed;2）以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e加ed: arrived; danced ; exercised ; liked ; lived;loved ; moved ; practiced ; saved; skated; tasted ; used ;3）以重读闭音节结尾,结尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加ed:stopped ; shopped;4）以 “辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i,再加e

9、d: study studied ; worry worried ;ed的语音规则:清对清:当动词以清辅音结尾时,所加的ed读清辅音t;浊对浊, 当动词以浊辅音结尾时,所加的ed读浊辅音d;t d后面读id: 当动词以t 或d结尾时, 所加的ed读id;元音后面也读d:当动词以元音结尾时, 所加的ed读d;二、教材中的词汇、短语、句子一）动词和动词短语1. go for a walk 去散步；2.take a walk 散步3.milk a cow 挤牛奶；4.ride a horse 骑马5.feed chickens /animals喂鸡喂养动物； 1）feed sth. to sb. 给

10、。喂。，如： Please feed some grass to the cow . 请给牛喂些草。 She fed milk to the baby . 她给婴儿喂了奶。2）feed on 以 为食，如： Sheep feed on grass . 绵羊以草为食。6.talk with sb.与某人谈话7.take photos （of）.给拍照8.grow apples/ vegetables/strawberries种植苹果蔬菜/草莓9.show sb. around sp. 带领某人参观某处，如： Tom showed me around his school . 汤姆带领我参观了他的

11、学校。10. learn a lot about . =know a lot about 知道/了解许多关于11. Pick 1） 摘，采，如：pick strawberries /apples 摘草莓/苹果Dont pick flowers in the park . 公园里禁止采花。We are picking apples now . 我们在摘苹果。2）Pick up 拾起，（用车）来接/捎带某人/物，如：He picked up a pen and put it on the desk . 他捡起一只钢笔，放在了课桌上。Ill pick you up at your home tomo

12、rrow . 我明天去你家接你。12.watch the stars 看星星 ； 13.go to the zoo 去动物园14.climb the mountains 爬山15.worry sb. 使.担心, The boy always worries his mother . 那个男孩总是让他母亲担心。 Dont worry your parents . 不要使父母担心。worry about sb. 担心某人，如：Dont worry about him/ her / me. 不要担心他/她/我。Tell your parents not to worry about you . 告诉

13、父母不要担心你。e out 1）出来，如：The sun comes out . 太阳出来了。2）（花）开放，如：The flowers begin to come out in spring . 春天花开始开放。3）出版，发表，如：His book will come out next week . 他的书下周出版。17.visit a museum/ a fire station /the zoo参观博物馆/消防站/动物园18. go fishing 去钓鱼19. go to the countryside /the mountains 去乡下/大山20. draw pictures 画图

14、画21. go on a school trip 参加学校郊游22. teach 1）teach sb. sth 教某人某事，如：She teaches us English . 她教我们英语。2）teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事，如： She teaches us to play chess . 她教我们下象棋。3）teach oneself =learn by oneself 自学，4） teach sb. how to do sth . 教某人怎样做某事，如：She taught me how to wash the dishes yesterday . 昨天，她教

15、我怎样洗餐具。23.make a model robot 做机器人模型24. go to a gift shop 去礼品店25. buy sth .for sb .=buy sb. sth. 给某人买某物，如： My mother bought a pair of jeans for me yesterday . =My mother bought me a pair of jeans yesterday . 妈妈昨天给我买了一条牛仔裤。26. have a nice weekend 周末过得愉快27.be excellent in . 在方面极好/非常好,如:He is excellent

16、in math. 他的数学非常好.28.clean1） v. 打扫, 清洗,2）adj. 干净的 My classroom is very clean . 二）其他词汇、短语1.Did you learn anything ? 你学到了什么?1）anything 不定代词, 表示 “某事/物”, 主要用于否定句疑问句中,作 “任何事/物”讲时,用于肯定句中,如:He listened ,but he didnt hear anything . 他听了听,但什么也没听到.Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper?今天的报纸上有任何有趣的内

17、容吗?Lets go shopping . And anything in the supermarket is cheap today. 我们购物吧,超市今天任何东西都便宜.2）不定代词有哪些:肯定:某人/物否定/ 疑问:用于肯定形式中,表否定:无人/物每人/物表示人的somebodyanybodynobodyeverybodysomeone anyoneno one everyone表示物的somethinganythingnothingeverything用法一: somebody/something/anyone用于肯定句和表示请求建议的问句中,如:Would you like som

18、ething to drink ? 来点喝的东西好吗? anybody/anything/anyone用于否定句和疑问句中,当表示 “任何人/物”时,可以用于肯定句中,如:There isnt anybody in the classroom. 教室里还没有人.I need somebody to help . Anybody is OK. 我需要人帮助.任何人都可以. Nothing/nobody/no one用于肯定结构中,表否定,相当,如: Everyone/everybody/everything一般用于肯定句中,也可以用于否定句或疑问句中,如:Everyone is here. 人到

19、齐了.Is everyone here ? 人到齐了吗?Not everyone likes dumplings . 并非人人都喜欢水饺.用法二:当不定代词作主语时,谓语用单数; 当不定代词有修饰语时,修饰语放在后面,作后置定语,如:There isnt anybody in the classroom. 教室里还没有人I have something important to tell you . 我有一些重要的事情要告诉你.2.luck ,lucky ,luckily 1） luck n. 运气Good luck ! 祝你好运.Special foods can bring good lu

20、ck to the birthday person .2）lucky adj . 幸运的,好运的 You are lucky !/ lucky you !你真好运!3）luckily adv. 幸运地,通常放在句首,表示 “幸运的是”,用来修饰整个句子,如:Luckily , we got there on time . 幸运的是,我们准时到达了.3.alone the way 沿路/线We saw some farms and villages along the way . 沿途我们看到了一些农场和村庄.4.at the museum 在博物馆 5.lovely adj . 可爱的,You

21、 look lovely, Mary. 你看起来很美，玛丽。He had a lovely voice. 他嗓音甜美。6. all in all , in all 1） all in all总的来说,常用于句首,如All in all , we had a good time . 总的来说,我们过得很愉快.All in all , it was an exciting day . 总的来说,这是令人兴奋的一天.2） in all 总共,合计, 既可放在句首,也可放在句末,如:There are 600 students in our school in all . 我校总共有600学生.7.q

22、uite 与very 很,十分1） quite 与very都可以修饰形容词或副词时, very表示的程度更强一些,如:He is quite tall , but not very tall . 他比较高,可不是很高.2） quite 与very都可以修饰名词,但结构不同, quite + a/an+形容词+名词= a +very +形容词+名词,如:She is quite a lovely girl .= She is a very lovely girl . 她是一个很可爱的女孩.8. fun 不可数名词,意为 “乐趣,开心 ,有趣的人或事”,其前常用great, much,a lot

23、of 等修饰,来加强语气,如:He is great fun . 他是个有趣的人. Skating is great fun . 滑冰是件有趣的事. have fun玩得开心,相当于have a good time/ enjoy oneself,后面遇到动词时,后面的动词加ing,表示愉快地做某事, 如: He had much fun in the park . 他在公园里玩得很开心. He is having fun picking apples. 他在愉快地摘苹果.三）句子1.How was your trip last week ? 上周你的郊游怎么样?How is / was sth

24、. ? = What is /was sth. like ? 用来询问某事情况如何的常用句型,常用答语有:It is/ was great . 好极了. It is / was OK.还可以. It isnt/wasnt good. 不好. All right . 很好. It is / was not bad . 还不错.等.2.I think todays school trip was terrible . 我认为今天的学校效游非常糟糕.1）本句为I think引导的宾语从句,主句为一般现在时,宾语从句根据具体情况选用所需时态;如:I think it rained yesterday

25、. 我认为昨天下雨了.I think he is studying . 我认为他在学习.2）变否定句时,要否定主句,即否定前移,如:I dont think he can swim .我认为他不会游泳.I dont think he washed clothes . 我认为他没洗衣服.3. The rooms were really dark and it was difficult to take photos . 1）dark adj . 黑暗的,昏暗的,反义词为bright明亮的,如:Theyll be back well before dark. 他们会在天黑以前回来。What time does it get dark in summer? 夏天什么时候天黑？The night is too dark for us to see. 夜间太暗,我们看不见. 2）It is/ looks difficult （for sb.） to do sth . 对某人来说做某事怎么样,如:Its difficult for me to skate .我滑冰很艰难.It looks difficult for her to swim . 看起来游泳对她很难.