1、 Who will care for your children when you are awayt 你离开期间谁照顾你的孩子? How the Party cares for us! 党是多么关心我们啊! Would you care for a walk? 你愿意去散步吗? He cares more for fine new clothes than for anything else 他喜爱漂亮的新衣胜于其他的一切。 care还可作及物动词,但其后通常接从句。t care who you are我不管你是谁。t care what you say不论你说什么,我都不在乎。 care
2、to“愿意,欲望”,后接动词原形。 I dont care to go there我不愿意去那里。 carry off; carry away; carry out 表示“运走”;“掠走”,用carry off或carry away均可。但两者也有不同之处:carry off可表示“夺得”某种奖赏;carry away可表示“吸引住”。 After destroying the village, the enemy carried offaway all the cattle 在毁掉村子之后,敌人把牲畜都掠走了。 I carried off the first prize我获得了头等奖。 We
3、 were carried away by her songs她的歌声令我们浑然忘我。 carry out的意思是“搬出(某物)”;“履行(计划或义务等)”。 Would you please carry out the desk into the gardent 请你把桌子搬到花园里去好吗? You must carry out your duty 你必须履行你的职责。 carry out; carry on 注意两者的区别:carry out意为“执行、实行”;carry on表示“(继续)进行、进行下去”,强调坚持。 The group of soldiers carried out a
4、 secret military action the other day 几天前,这群士兵执行了一次秘密的军事行动。 Comrades in Germany were carrying on a heroic fight against war under conditions of fascism at that time 那时,在德国的同志正在法西斯的统治区进行一场英勇的反战斗争。 cause; reason; excuse cause意为“起因”、“原因”,指引起某种结果的必然原因,即主要事实方面的原因,常和effect连用,表示因果关系。 I dont know the cause
5、and effect我不知道此事的前因后果。 The cause of the fire was carelessness失火的原因是粗心大意。 reason意为“理由”、“原因”,指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口,这种理由可能是也可能不是真正的理由,强调逻辑推理方面的理由。 There are many reasons for animals dying out动物的绝种有许多原因。 Tell us your reason for changing the plan告诉我们你改变计划的原因。 excuse指为免受指责和推卸责任而找的“理由”、“原因”也就是我们常说的“借口”。 Too
6、much work is no excuse for absence工作太忙不能成为缺席的理由。 I havent done the work well,my excuse is that I have been ill 我没把工作做好,我的理由是我病了。 cheergreetwelcome cheer意为“欢呼”,侧重表示高声呼叫以示欢迎,强调气氛的活跃,常含鼓励之意。 The boys cheered their football team孩子们为他们的足球队喝彩。 greet表示用语言、行动等“迎接”,常含“友好、热情、亲切”之意。 We greeted our guests at th
7、e gate 我们在大门口迎接客人。 welcome常表示“欢迎新人、新事、新主张”等。 We welcome the new ideas 我们欢迎新思想。 clear away, clear up, clear off clear away表示“清除掉”、“收拾掉”、“散掉”、“消散”;clear up表示“露出(喜色)”、“(天气)放晴”、“清理”、“整理”;clear off表示“走开”、“离开”。 EXERCISES 1) We must such ideas among ourselves 2) She her desk before she moved to another sch
8、ool 3) The sky looks as if it would soon 4) before I call the police 5) His face when he read the letter Key: 1) clear away 2) cleared up 3) clear up 4) Clear off 5) cleared up close;closely close, closely这两个词都可以用作副词,close表示“靠近”、“紧紧地”,closely则表示“紧密地”、“严密地”、“密切地”。 1) I went closer, and saw clearly a
9、tall man in the moonlight 2) Come close, I want to tell you something important 3) The policeman followed the strange man closely 4) The scientists got closely in touch with the astronauts come up; come on; come out come up常表示位置“上升”;从水中或 土中“冒出”;芽苗等“长出”;“引起注意、被提出”等。 The seeds havent come up 种子还没发芽。 Y
10、our question came up at the meeting你的问题在会上被提出来讨论。 come on 常用来催促别人,意为“加油、加快”,也可表示“来临、袭击”。 I can feel a headache coming on我觉得头痛了。 come out常表秘密等“传出、被获悉”,书籍等的“出版”;“结果是”。 When will her new book come outt 她的新书什么时候出版? The answer to the math problem came out wrong 这道数学题的结果错了。 complete; finish finish是普通用语,用得
11、比较广泛,可作及物动词或不及物动词,多用来指“完成”一项任务或活动,后面可接名词、代词或ing,不接不定式。 Have you finished your workt 你的工作完成了吗? He finished writing the letter last night这封信他是昨晚完成的。 complete一般用作及物动词,用法较正式,通常用来表示完成某个计划、理想、事业、工程、建筑、书籍及作品等,后面可接名词或代词,不接ing或不定式。 Hes never completed a project on time 他从未按时完成过计划。 The bridge is not completed
12、 yet 这座桥至今尚未完工。 表示完成学业、精细的工作、吃完某物及在被动结构中表示“一切都完了;没希望了”等意时,均用finish。 He finished school in 1991 他1991年从学校毕业。 The woodwork is beautifully finished 这件木器做得很精细。 注意:complete a book的意思是“写完一本书”;finish a book意为“看完一本书”。 common ordinary general 都含“普通的”意思。 common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”, 如:Colds are common in winter.感冒
13、在冬天很常见。 ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”, 如:His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。 general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”, 如:This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 这本书是为一般读者写的, 不是为专家写的。 normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”, 如:the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常体温 comp
14、arewith; comparto; compared withto comparewith意为“把与相比”,侧重指两者间的区别。 如:Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them 把这辆汽车与那辆汽车相比较,你就会发现它们之间的区别。 compareto意为“把比作”,着重注意两者间的相似点。 This song compares our country to a big family这首歌把我们的国家比作一个大家庭。 compare既可以单独用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作
15、不及物动词时,以compare with形式出现,表示“与相比”。 Living here cant compare with living in Shanghai在这儿生活不能和在上海(生活)相比。 If you compare the two words, you can tell the difference between them 如果你比较这两个单词,你就会辨别出它们之间的不同。 compared with和compared to都可用作状语,意义基本相同,可互换。 Compared towith him, you are lucky 与他相比,你是幸运的。 It was a sm
16、all town then, compared towith what it is now 和现在比起来,那时它还是个小镇。 cover; interview 两者都可用作动词,意为“采访”,cover的宾语是事情;interview的宾语是人。 Reporters are then sent to cover the events然后记者们就被派去采访这些事件。 He interviewed five people in the morning他上午采访了五个人。 country; nation; state; land country意为“国家;国土”,侧重指版图;疆域。 China is
17、 a great country with a long history中国是一个历史悠久的伟大国家。country含义广泛,适合各种文体,也可代替本组中的任何一个词,有时作“祖国”解,带有感情色彩。 After many years abroad, he wanted to return to his country在国外呆了多年后,他想回到自己的祖国。 Some parts of this country (land) are much warmer than others该国某些地区的气候较其他地区温暖得多。 nation意为“民族;国家”,侧重指人民;国民;民族。 The whole
18、nation was in deep sorrow at this news听到这一噩耗,全国人民悲痛万分。在国际交往等正式场合,nation语体庄重,比country常用。 the United Nations (UN) 联合国 the law of nations 国际公法 a most favored nation 最惠国 Trade between nations is much better than war国与国之间进行贸易往来比兵戎相见好得多。 state意为“国家;政府”,侧重指政权;政体。 In our country, railways are state-owned 在我
19、国铁路为国家所有。 land意为“国土;国家”,带有感情色彩,多用于文学作品中。 This is my native landIll defend it with my life! 这是我的祖国,我要用自己的生命保卫她! cross; across; crossing cross作动词用时,意思是“横过”。 They are crossing the river 他们正在过河。 The idea has just crossed my mind 这个主意是我刚才想到的。 cross作名词用时,指“十字形的东西”。 across可作介词或副词,意为“横穿,横过”。 They pushed the
20、 cart across the bridge 他们推着车过桥。 The post office is across the street邮局在街道对面。 crossing意为“横穿,交叉,十字路口,人行横道”。 They are standing at a crossing他们正站在十字路口。 cut off; cut up; cut through cut off表示“隔绝”、“断绝”、“(电路)切断”、“剪下”、“砍掉”; cut up表示“切割开来”、“切碎”、“使难过”; cut through表示“凿穿”、“穿过”、“穿透”。 EXERCISES 1) The building o
21、ur view 2) We are going to the mountain to build a free way here 3) She the cake and gave each of us a piece 4) He some flowers from the bush Key: 1) cut off 2) cut through 3) cut up 4) cut off D daily; everyday; every day daily用作名词意为“日报” 如:China Daily中国日报用作形容词,意同everyday;用作副词意同everyday。 everyday意为“
22、每日的、日常的”,在句中作定语。everyday Englishdaily English日常英语;everyday lifedaily life日常生活。 every day(分开写)意为“每天”,在句中作状语。 He comes here every dayHe comes here daily他每天来这儿。 damage; destroy; ruin 这三个词都有“破坏;损坏”的意思,区别如下: damage意为“损坏、破坏”。它可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品,一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低,这种损坏是部分性的,通常指损坏的程度不那么严重,还可以修复再用。也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西,有时
23、该词也用于借喻。 The car was not damaged badly in the accident, but five people were seriously hurt 汽车在事故中损坏不严重,但却有五个人受了重伤。 Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of her long illness长期生病使她的心脏受到轻度损伤。 What they said and did damaged the relations between the two countries 他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。 Smoking has da
24、maged his health badly 吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。 damage还可用作可数或不可数名词。 The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city这场地震给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。 destroy意为“破坏;摧毁;消灭;毁灭”,通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏”,一般情况下不可以修复再用。另外,它既可表示毁坏具体的物品,也可表示毁坏抽象的东西。 The big fire destroyed the whole house 这场大火把整座房子都烧毁了。 The Nazi wanted to destroy peoples hopes, b
25、ut in the end what was destroyed was the Nazis dream by the power of people 纳粹想摧毁人民的希望,最终是纳粹的梦想被人民的力量所摧毁。 ruin多用于借喻之中,有时泛指一般性的破坏,指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。 My new coat is ruined我的外套不能再穿了。 The rain will ruin the crops这雨会把庄稼毁掉的。 I was ruined by that law case; Im a ruined man我被那场官司毁了,我破产了。 damp wet dank moist h
26、umid 都含潮湿的意思。 damp指轻度潮湿, 使人感觉不舒服的, 如:t like damp weather. 我不喜欢潮湿的天气。 wet 指含水分或其他液体的、湿的 be wet to the skin 浑身湿透。 dank 指阴湿的 a dark dank and chilly cave 一个既黑暗又潮湿、又阴冷的洞。 moist指微湿的湿润的, 常含不十分干, 此湿度是令人愉快的意思, 如: Grasses were moist with dew. 草被露水润湿了。 humid为正式用语, 常表示空气中湿度大的 In the east, the air is humid in su
27、mmer. 在东方, 夏季空气潮湿。 day by day; day after day day by day意为“一天一天地”,“逐日”,表示事情的逐渐变化过程。该短语只能作状语。 Its getting colder day by day天气一天天冷了起来。 The boy is getting better day by day那孩子一天天好了起来。 day after day意为“日复一日”、“一天又一天”,表示一个重复(周而复始或循环重复)的动作或事件。该短语可作主语和状语。 Day after day went by, and still no message arrived日子一
28、天天过去,仍然杳无音讯。 I have to do the work day after day我得天天做这项工作。 deal with; do with; get rid of get rid of表示“处理”,侧重“消灭;摆脱或清除”;deal with和do with侧重“处理”的手段、方法或方式。do的后面可接宾语,deal的后面不接宾语;do with常与what连用,deal with常与how连用。 练 If they are not coming, we can the tickets How did they matters of this sortt What did yo
29、u the broken cart Mr Zhang wrote a book life in England We should the weeds in the fields (Key: get rid of deal with do with dealing with get rid of) demonstrate,illustrate demonstrate 证明,论证,以科学严谨的态度,通过推理、辩论或提供证据来证明事物的正谬。illustrate 指用实物、图片等进行说明,illustrate后常用介词by,with。 AThe lecturer his point with a diagram ont heblackboard BTo his arguments,he showed us a lot of facts CThese figures clearly the size of the economic problem facing the country Answers:A.illustrated B.demons
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