1、7. May I borrow?我可以借用.?吗III. 交际用语1. Thanks very much! -非常谢谢Youre welcome. -不用客气2. Put it/them away. 把它/它们收好3. Whats wrong? 怎么了?4. I think so.我认为是这样I dont think so.我不这样认为5. I want to take some books to the classroom.我想带些书去教室6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.请给我一杯橘子汁Please give it / them bac
2、k tomorrow. OK.请你明天把它/它们送回来,好吗?9. Whats your favourite sport?你最喜欢的运动是什么?10. Dont worry别担心.11.Im (not) good at basketball.我(不)擅长打篮球12. Do you want a go?你想试一试吗?13. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All right.对了,很好,好的14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?你有字典吗?Yes, I do. / No, I dont.是的,我有/不,我没
3、有15. We / They have some CDs.We / They dont have any CDs.16. -What day is it today / tomorrow?今天/明天星期几?-Its Monday. 星期一17. -May I borrow your colour pens, please?我可以借你的彩笔用一用吗? -Certainly. Here you are.当然可以,给你18. -Where are you from?你来自哪里?-From Beijing.北京19. Whats your telephone number in New York?你在
4、纽约的电话号码是什么?20. -Do you like hot dogs?你喜欢吃热狗吗?-Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)我喜欢/一般般/很喜欢/非常喜欢-No, I dont. ( I dont like them at all.)不喜欢(我一点都不喜欢)21. -What does your mother like?你妈妈喜欢什么?-She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.她非常喜欢吃饺子和蔬菜22. -When do you go to school every day?你每天什
5、么时候去学校?-I go to school at 7:00 every day.我每天7点钟去学校23. -What time does he go to bed in the evening?他晚上几点钟上床睡觉?-He goes to bed at 10:00. 他晚上十点钟上床IV. 重要语法1.人称代词的用法;2. 祈使句;3. 一般现在时构成和用法;4动词have的用法;5现在进行时的构成和用法6可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法语法概要一词类 英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:
6、boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.): 主要用来代替名词。who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj.):表示人或事物的性质或特征。good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.): 表示数目或事物的顺序。one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.): 表示动作或状态。am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.): 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。now, very, here, oft
7、en, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art.):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。a, an, the.8、介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj.)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。oh, well, hi, hello.2、句子成分英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。Im Miss
8、Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。
9、He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。He works hard .(他工作努力)7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室
10、保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?)3、构词法英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。1、合成法:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。2、派生法:(1)派生名词:动词+er/or 动词+ing 动词+(t)ion
11、形容词+ness 其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge(2)派生形容词:名词+y 名词+ful 动词+ing/ed friendly dangerous Chinese; Japanese English French German 国名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词:形容词+ly 其它,如:
12、slowly, angrily, fullfully, goodwell, possiblepossibly等等。3、转换法:(1)形容词动词,如:dry(干燥的)dry(弄干), clean(干净的)clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。 (2)动词名词,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。(3)名词动词,如:hand(手)(传递),face(脸)(面对)等等。(4)形容词副词,如:earlyearly, fastfast等等。(5)副词连词,如:when(什么时候)(当时候),等等。(6)介词副词,如:in(到里)(在里面;在家)
13、,on(在上)(进行,继续),等等。二、代词:1、. 代词可以分为以下七大类:1人称代词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主代词形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代词this, t
14、hat, these, those, such, some5疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代词one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either2、人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。第一人称单数第二
15、人第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性主格I(我)you (你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they (他们,她们,它们)宾mehimherusthem (他们,她们,它们)1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。 I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) / Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗?) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了?) / Thats it.(就那么回事) / Its he!(是他!2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。Who teac
16、hes you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?) / Help me!(救救我!) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。-Who is it?(是谁?) Its I/me.(是我。4、 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“youheI”的顺序表达。Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) Who wi
17、ll go there?(谁要去那儿?) You and me.(你和我)5、 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。-Whats the weather like today?(今天天气怎样?)Its fine.(天气晴好) / -Whats the time?(几点啦?) Its 12:00.(12点) / Its a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫
18、屋子花了他三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)3、物主代词:说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。第一人称复 数形容词性my(我的)your(你的)his(他的)(她的)its(它的)our(我们的)(你们的)their (他们的,她们的
19、,它们的)名词性mineYourshersoursyourstheirs(他们的,她们的,它们的)1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗?) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他们的书)2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的
20、在哪儿?) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。试比较 My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。4、反身代词:表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。myself(我自己)your
21、self(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我们自己)yourselves(你们自己)themselves (他们/她们/它们自己)1、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。Dont play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。The story itself is good. Only he didnt tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)5.
22、指示代词: 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。单数复数含义this(这个)these(这些)指较近的人和物that(那个)those(那些)指较远的人和物such (这样的人/物)指上文提过的人和物same (同样的人/物)指和上文提过的相同的人和物it (这人/这物)指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。Whats this?(这是什么?) / That model plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句) / Remember never to do such
23、things.(记得永远不要做这样的事情) / Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按老师说的做)/ -Who is it?) -Its me!(是我! 6、关系代词:用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。1、关系代词who 、which、 that 、whom 等,将定语从句和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。 The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.(正在画画的学生是一年级的)2、关系代词who / whom指人,如果作
24、从句的宾语,则有时省略。Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? (你认识那个戴着红帽子的男人吗?3、关系代词which 指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。Have you found the book which you lost several days ago?(你找到几天前丢失的那本书了吗?4、关系代词that既可指人也可指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。Can you see the man/dog that is running along the river bank ?(你看得见顺着河跑的男人/狗了吗?7、不定代词:代替或修
25、饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。someanynonone/each(every)oneeither,neithersothe other,another复合不定代词不可数muchlittle,a littleallmanyfew,a fewonesbothothers,the others 注:复合不定代词有12个:something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切),
26、everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). 不定代词用法注意点:1. one, some与any:1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I dont have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和
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