中考英语阅读理解题 细节理解题和推理判断题的解题技巧Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、这些特殊符号包括表示解释的破折号、括号和冒号以及表示引用的引号等。另外，事实细节题的选项也很有特点：通常正确答案不是照搬的原文；干扰选项则正好相反，有的来自原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；有的符合常识，但不符合原文内容；有的与原句内容极为相似,只是在程度上有些变动；有的与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；也有的是部分正确或部分错误。二、解题方法1. 跳读查找法这个方法的要点在于先看题干，带着问题读文章。以what, who, where,when, why, how提问的问题，可以从文章中直接找到答案。同学们做这类题时可以边读边做记号，能加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率，节省宝贵的时间，这是做事实细

2、节题最基本也是最常用的方法。一般来说，细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，同学们若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。另外，运用跳读查找法解题时，同学们要特别注意试题以及选项与原文之间的适当变换。根据近几年的中考题情况来看，很少有直接用原文中的句子进行考查和测试的，通常要进行一定的处理，而这种“处理”主要就是进行语义转换，其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。例：I had the meanest （最刻薄的） mother in thewhole world. While other kids ate candy for breakfast,

3、 I had to have porridge,eggs or toast. When others had Cokes and candy for lunch, I had to eat asandwich. But at least I wasnt alone when I was sad. My sister and two brothershad the same mean mother as I did. 1.How many children does the writers mother have? A.Four. B.Two. C.Three. D. Six.2. 排除法排序题

4、也属于事实细节题的一种题型，它通常出现在说明文中。这类文章有明显的信息词，如first,to begin with, after that, afterwards, later, next, second, third, then,finally等。按照信息词的提示阅读，可以加快理解的进程。在做细节排序题时，首先要确定首或尾的答案，通常四个选项中会有两个选项的顺序类似，正确答案往往在这两个选项中选择，找到两者的不同之处，回到原文，进行核对，一旦确定，后面的排序就不用再比较了。A topiary gardener should make a drawingfirst. The drawing s

5、hows the final shape that the gardener likes. The gardenerthen chooses a bush for the topiary. It may be one that just planted or one thatis already in place.In Juneof the plants first year, the gardener looks for new leaves. When the leavesgrow, its time to shape （给造型） the bottom of the bush. It ne

6、eds about fiveyears. The top is not trimmed during this time. In the fifth year, thebush grows tall enough for shaping. Then the gardener begins to shape the wholebush.2. Putthe following in the right order according to the passage. a. The gardener choosesa bush for the topiary. b. The whole bush gr

7、owstall enough for shaping. c. The gardener beginsto shape the bottom of the bush. d. The gardener drawsthe shape of a topiary.dabc B. bcad C.adcb D. dacb3. 简单计算法数字计算题也是事实细节题的一种，要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时，考生首先要弄清题干的要求是什么，然后找到与它相关的数字，再对它们进行分析、整合，最后计算出正确答案。When we cut down the rainfo

8、rests, wedestroy these forest people, too. In 1900, there were 1,000,000 forest people inthe Amazon forest. In 1980, there were only 200,000.3. Thenumber of the people living in the Amazon forest in 1980 was _of that in1900.half B.one-third C.two-fifths D. one-fifth细节题占阅读理解的比例很大，阅读时要特别注意以下几点：第一，阅读时，

9、利用这类关键词和词组that is to say, above all,especially, mainly等，把握文章的思路和脉络。另外在问题的选项中表示绝对意义的词first （第一），least （最不），always（总是），never（永不），all（所有），none（一个也不），any（任何）和表示唯一性的词汇only（只有） ,just（仅仅），往往是命题的陷阱，因此要多加注意。第二，阅读时，必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点、看法混为一谈。第三，文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点，此类题目很少是文章中表层出现的数字或日期，通

10、常需要做简单的计算。阅读能力的提高非一朝之功，需要一个过程。同学们应该持之以恒，进行有计划、有目的的阅读实践，提高阅读能力。推理判断题推理判断题是每年中考的必考题型之一，也是英语阅读理解中难度较大的题型，属于深层理解题。它要求学生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推论出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义，即英语中所说的“readbetween thelines”。因此，学生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理，在已知和未知信息之间搭起桥梁，透过字里行间，体会“弦外之音”，从而揭示文章的深层涵义

11、。一、推理判断题常见提问方式1. Thewriter/author/passage implies/suggests （暗示）that _.2. It canbe inferred（推断）from the passage that _.3. Whichof the following can be concluded from this passage?4. Whatdoes the author conclude about?5. Thepassage is intended to _.6. Thefirst paragraph of this passage is to _.7. Howd

12、oes the author seem to feel about this issue?8. Fromthe passage, we can learn/conclude that _.9. Whichof the following might happen later?10. Thepassage may be a/an _.11. Whichof the following is TRUE/ NOT true?二、选项特点分析命题人在设置选项时，会遵循一定的特点和规律，因此学生了解了推理判断题选项的特点，对提高选项的正确率会有很大帮助。1正确选项的特点（1）正确答案一般含义比较丰富，具

13、有一定的综合性和概括性；（2）正确答案的表述一般不会太绝对，而会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如often,usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly,probably等；（3）正确答案有的时候反而是与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意。2干扰选项的特点（1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论；（2）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符；（3）根据常识判断是正确的，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点；（4）虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据，但推理过头、概括过度；（5）有部分选

14、项的内容纯属编造。三、推理判断题的解题方法做推理判断题要注意两点:一是推理，二是判断，而且两者密不可分。推理是为了判断，判断依赖于推理。推理判断题要求学生根据原文，经过推理，进行判断，从而得出结论，所以推理判断题的答案不能在文中直接找出。但是，推理时务必要忠实于原文，在文章中寻找可推论的依据，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。下面结合2011年各省市的中考题，就考试中常用的四种推理方法进行一一说明。1.抓住特定关键信息进行正向或逆向推理做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。Mark We

15、llman showed that if you set yourheart and mind on something, no wall is too high, no dreamimpossible.1. Whatcan we learn from the passage?A. Afriend in need is a friend indeed.B. Dreamswill come true in the end.C. Eachstep is important to success.D.Nothing can stop a strong will.2.利用作者的思想感情进行推断作者在写

16、作时，自然而然会渗透自己的喜怒哀乐。通过一些表达感情色彩或思想倾向的措辞，领会作者的思想感情，一些考查观点态度的题目就迎刃而解了。My whole life I have depended on thekindness of many strangers, I feel regretful that I cannot find them and saythank you. I do not even remember what the mans face looked like, but he taughtme a lesson people are more important than t

17、hings.According to the passage, which word can best describe the man?A.Rude. B.Funny. C.Silly. D. Kind.I had to arrive in Vienna at 7:15 in timeto catch the 7:25 train to Paris, but there was no hope of that now. It wasalmost 7:25 when we stopped outside the station. I paid the driver quickly, tookh

18、old of my bags quickly and hurried inside. “Paris train” was all I had time tosay to the official （铁路职工） I saw. You can guess how I feel when he pointed to atrain that was just moving out of the station.3. Howdid the writer feel at Vienna station?A. Hefelt lonely. B He felt angry. C. Hefelt surprise

19、d D. He felt sad.3.根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论不同的文章有不同的写作方法和文章结构。但是，在任何一篇文章中，段与段之间、句与句之间都存在着某种逻辑关系。抓住了这种逻辑关系，也就把握住了作者的写作思路和写作意图。2011年北京卷My summerhols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his CF & thr 3:- kids FTF,ILNY, its gr8.Can youunderstand this sentence? If you cant, dont feel too bad: neither could

20、 themiddle school teacher in England who received this as homework. This isNetspeak: is the main purpose of the first paragraph?A. Togive an example of a foreign language.B. Toshow an example of creative methods.C. Toexpress worries about using Netspeak.D. Tolead in the topic of Netspeak.4.结合常识进行推断有

21、些文章，如科普类说明文、记叙类时政要闻等文体具有一定的背景知识。因此解答此类文章的题目，除了把握相关文段的细节外，还应注意充分运用自己的常识，结合题目去分析推理。BEIJING （Xinhua） Chinese have started toenjoy cars at low prices after the country became a member of the World TradeOrganization （WTO）. At the same time, competition between people has becomestronger. According to the

22、Chinas Ministry of Personnel （人事部）, about 170million people will lose their jobs after the country has joined theWTO.5. Thispassage is probably _.A. astory B. anote C. aletter D. a news report以上分别从四个方面讲解了如何对文章隐含信息进行推理判断，但有时候题目的设计不一定这么层次分明，需要同时从不同角度对文章的信息进行综合分析、推理和判断。例如方法三中的例子，需要综合考虑上下文逻辑关系以及文章的感情色彩，才能做出正确的判断。因此，在阅读的过程中，需要考生在熟练掌握的基础上灵活运用这些方法。