教案语法填空解题技巧解读文档格式.docx

1、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。Step 4 语法填空（无提示词）冠词：a, an, the介词：in, on, at, with, as（作为, before,after, by, from, through, to, for等代词：one, another, other, both, none,I, we, you等人称连词：（1 and, or, but, however （两个完整的句子之间（2 that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why （引导定语从句（3 that, whether, if, whose, wh

2、ich, who, what, when, where, how, why （引导名词性从句（4 when, before, after, until, while, because, so, if, unless, although, as （引导状语从句语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考察语法知识的运用能力，我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先进行填写。在读懂短文的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析，逐题解答。下面按题型设计分三种情况：（一）纯空格试题的解题技巧纯空格填空题主要是填冠词、介词、代词、连接词（含从属连词和并列连词 等虚词。首先，分析句子结构，根据句子

3、所缺成分确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。共有以下7个技巧：技巧1：在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词。例1 She did not hesitate for long : although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _38_. （2009年广东高考解析：不定式后动词please 缺少宾语，应填代词；又从文章和句子意思可知是给父亲买礼

4、物，使他高兴，确定填_.（例2）He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _38_” （2010年广东高考不定式后动词like 缺少宾语，应填代词；又从前面句子可知是说这水很难喝，学生是问老师为什么假装喜欢这水呢，确定填代词_代替这水。例3 I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _38 gets there almost in a second. （茂名一模and 连接前后两个句子，and 后面的句子缺主语，应填名

5、词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是the message，替代the message用代词_。例1：I cant send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _1_ gets there almost in a second.技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词（冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等），很可能是填限定词。例4 It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty （9601279 was very anxious to help _33 rice cro

6、p grow up quickly. （2008年广东高考名词rice crop前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词_。（例5）Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not _33_ pleasant experience: （2009年广东高考experience 句中意思为经历，可数名词单数，其前没有限定词；再根据句子意思“每年这个时候购物不是一件让人很愉快的经历”，确定填冠词_.例6 the head of the village was tying up his

7、horse to my car to pull it to_35_small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage. （2007年广东高考因单数可数名词town 前还没有限定词，应填限定词；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填_。（例7）After the student left, the teacher let _36_ student taste the water. （2010年广东高考 student为可数名词单数，前无限定词；根据句子意思“这个学生离开后，

8、老师让另一个学生尝这水”，确定填不定代词_.例2：It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help_2_ rice crop grow up quickly.技巧3：名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面，一定是填介词。（例8）When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _39_ table having supper.

9、（2009年广东高考：分析句子知道名词table 在句中不作主语、宾语，也不作were 的表语，空格处应填介词，使table 成为介词的宾语；根据having supper确定应填介词_，因为_ table表示“在餐桌边，在进餐”，也是固定搭配。 （例9 The young man went home _35_ a happy heart. （2010年广东高考a happy heart在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语，空格处应填介词; 根据句子意思“他怀着高兴的心回家了”，确定填介词_.例3：who should have the honour of receiving me _3_

10、a guest in their house.技巧4: 若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。例4：two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 4 Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars.技巧5：若两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词（连接并列的句子）或从属连词（连接定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句）。如果两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有分号或句号，也没有关联词连接或引导，则填并列连词或从属连词。（例10 He was very tired

11、 from/after doing this for a whole day, _37_ he felt very happy since the cropdid “grow” higher. （2008年广东高考两个句子间是逗号且无关联词连接，则空格处一定是填关联词；再根据前一句他感到very tired和后一句子的very happy得出前后为转折关系，确定填并列连词_。（例11 Jane paused in front of a counter_35_ some attractive ties were on display. （2009年广东高考 解析：两个句子间没有分号或句号，也没有

12、关联词连接或引导; 分析句子意思可知后一句为定语从句，要填的词既引导了这个定语从句，又在此从句中作地点状语，确定填关系副词 _.（例12） I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days 32 I was to return to Guangzhou. （2008年广州一模因I wanted to 是一个句子，I was to return 也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间的逻辑关系，可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前，故填_。例5：T

13、he greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini _5 _died in 1926.例6：He was very tired after doing thus foe a whole day, _6_he felt very happy.技巧6: 由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。（1 由it is that 强调结构的形式，判断it 还是that 。判断方法：去掉it is that结构，句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。B. 根据强调句结构“It is/was+被强调部分+ that/who+句子剩下部分”判断空格处填it 还是that

14、.（例14 and _40_ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG. （2007年广州一模分析句子结构可知该句为强调句句型应填it.强调句判断方法:去掉it is/wasthat看句子结构是否仍然强调完整的方法来判断句子是否为强调句。（2 由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格是否填it.（例13 She remembered how difficult _31_ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.

15、 （2009年广东高考分析句子可知，宾语从句中真正的主语是后面的不定式to choose，空格处应填入作形式主语的it. 例7：and _7_ was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG （味精.例8： as _8_ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words-famous artists.例9：Dating sites also makes_9_ easy to avoid someone whom you ar

16、e not interested in.（3 在倒装句式中通常填only , so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, notuntil等词。例10：_10_ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.（4 so / such that句型例11：This made the goat so jealous _11_ it began plotting against the donkey.（5 more than（与其说不如说，比更句型。例12：Cynthias story shows vividly t

17、hat people remember more how much a manager cares _12_ how much he pays.Exercise1.One day while working at the cash register in the gift shop, I saw _ elderly couple come in with a little girl in a wheelchair.2.There is a bottle full of water on the desk. _ water is very dirty.3.No one helped me. I

18、did it all _ myself.4.Bob and Mary are going to see a movie _ Christmas Day.5.It was a pity that the great writer died _ his work unfinished.6.If you give your children the impression that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard _ as unfit or unable persons.7.He is also an auth

19、or, and _ new book will come out next month.8.He knew what he wanted. _, he didnt know how to get it.9.He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.10.This is the park _ they visited last year.11.I still remember many of the games we playe

20、d _ I was about ten.13.I would hear them talk about _happened during their day.二、给出了动词的试题解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按照以下两点进行思考。技巧7：若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。（例15 people stepped on your feet or _34_ （push you with their elbows, hurrying ahead to get to a barga

21、in. （2009年广东高考提示词push 在句中与stepped 作并列谓语，要用一般过去时，填_2. 如果一个句子没有谓语动词，或者提示词与已有谓语动词之间是并列关系时，所给提示词就是谓语动词，此时要根据语境考察时态和语态。（例16 Her mother was excited. “You father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane _40_ （inform. （2009年广东高考解析: 主句没有谓语，考时态和语态；根据文章意思可知Jane 是“被”她母亲告知父亲决定戒烟的，确定应用一般过去时和被动语态，填 _.（例17After a

22、 long journey, the young man _33_ （present the water to the old man. （2010年广东高考 解析: 主句没有谓语，考时态和语态，根据文章语境可知时态为过去时，应填_.例13：When I die, I 13 （give everything to you.例14：That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 14_（close my book and walked away. 例15：In Loganm thr

23、ee people _15_（take to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.例16：Being too anxious to help an event develop often 16 （result the contrary to our intention.（2008年广东高考语法填空）例17：Now, Valentines Day is 17 （celebrate in many countries around the world.技巧8: 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。

24、若是非谓语动词就要确定是v-ing 形式，-ed 形式，还是不定式，确定的方法主要有：（例18 For example, the proverb, “ plucking up a crop _32_ （help it grow”, is based on the following story. （2008年广东高考（1 作主语或宾语，通常用v-ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。（例19 ：But Jane knew from her past experience that her _36_ （choose of ties hardly ever pleased her

25、father. （2009年广东高考分析句子可知，choose 在同位语从句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词her 后，确定用名词形式_. 例18：but it is not enough only _18_（memorize rules from a grammar book.例19： 19 _（speak out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary（2 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。例20：_20_（complete the project as planed, well have to

26、work two more hours a day.（3 作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词（v-ing ）; 若是被动关系，用过去分词（-ed ）。 例21：He saw the stone, _21_（say to himself: “the night will be very dark.”例22：The headmaster went into the lab, _22_（follow by the foreign guests.技巧9: 动词的词类转换主要做主语、宾语和定语。例23：There are 23 （comfort feelings often as

27、 any kind of physical pain.例24：They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 24 （equip to dig holes例25：These people have made great _ 25 （contribute to China with their work.三、词类转换题的解题技巧这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用那种形式，具体技巧有以下三种。 技巧10: 作表语（在系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），通常用形容词形式。例26：The y

28、oungster immediately fell _26_（silence as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.例27：Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _27_（interest in the subject.技巧11: 修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。（例22 ：We drank together and talked _38_ （merry till far into the night. （2007年广东高考（例23 ：His

29、teacher took a deep drink, smiled _34_ （warm, and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. （2010年广东高考例28：As I looked _28 （close at this girl, I found that例29： 29 （fortune,the guest escaped unharmed.技巧12: 有的词义转换题，词类或词性不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-, in-等，在词根后加-less 等。例

30、30：People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is 例31：Your mistake caused a lot of _31_（necessary work in the office.技巧 13: 括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。 （例 20：He was very tired after/from doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” _38_ （high. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could