初高中英语衔接课Word下载.docx

1、 The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）总结： 主语通常可由什么充当: _; _; _; _;_; _ ; _ . （二）谓语： 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：划出句子中的谓语部分: 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构

2、成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。 如：We are students.We appreciate what you have done for us. Time and tide wait for no man. Mr. Brown is an excellent engineer. The situation seems quite no

3、rmal in my opinion. She has been studying English for scores of years.We should be modest and honest. 可见谓语是由_ 构成. 或_ 构成. （三 ）表语： 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 划出句中表语： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is

4、it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abr

5、oad.（表语从句）可见表语是由_; _; _; _; _; _充当。（四）宾语： 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。划出句中的宾语： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容

6、词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） I think it interesting to learn English. （ it 做形式宾语） 宾语通常由_; _ ; _充当。 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monit

7、or.（五）宾语补足语： 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。划出下列句中的宾语补足语: 例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her ente

8、ring the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）可见宾语补足语通常由_; _ 充当.（六）定语： 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一个句子做定语就叫做定语从句. 一般情况下,单个的词做定语修饰名词放于名词前, 短语或句子做定语修饰名词放于名词后. 定语可由以下等成分表示： 划出下列句中的定语. Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a deve

9、loping country; America is a developed country.（分词） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词） He is reading an articl

10、e about how to learn English.（介词短语）可见定语通常由_; _ 充当. （八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作程度,方向或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：划出下列句中的状语. Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room mak

11、ing a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）（状语从句和主句之间通常有连词,表示两个句子个关系. 连词起连接的作用和表示主从句的关系. ） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith l

12、ives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）

13、I am taller than he is.（比较状语）哪些词或短语或句子可以做状语 _; 通常状语可以表示句子动作发生的 _; _ . 巩固练习 （一） 一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6

14、. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it i

15、mportant to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The app

16、les tasted sweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（）、谓语（）、宾语（）：I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go

17、 on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My

18、brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（）、状语（）、补语（）：Most Saturday evenings there is

19、 a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in

20、 different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 四、选择填空：（ ）1. _ will leave f

21、or Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now（ ） 2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold（ ） 3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet（ ） 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A.

22、 lately B. late C. latest D. latter（ ）5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded（ ）6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we（ ）7. He found the street much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly（ ） think _n

23、ecessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is（ ） 9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked（ ） will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A. that B. when C. in which D. where 二、简单句、并列句和复合句 （一）句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; Sh

24、e didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she?3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。. He often reads English in the morning. Tom an

25、d Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2） 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 . You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从

26、句等。. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+不及物动词：. We work.2、主语+及物动词+宾语：. Henry bought a dictionary.3、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：. My father bought me a car.4、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：. Tom made the baby laugh.5、主语+系动词+表语：. He is a student. 注：其他各种句子都

27、可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。（三）并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。. Hurry up, or youll miss the train. 3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（四）复合句： 含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。从句子成分状语部分的讲解中我们知道了状语从句的连接词，下面的句子主要是练习判断名词性从句及其引导词 。 （暂做了解