中考代词语法 5Word文件下载.docx

1、theirtheirsthemselves一、人称代词的用法种类位置作用示例句首主语She is a good doctor.她是一名好学生动词、介词之后宾语或表语1.I dont know her.2.His mother is waiting for him outside.3.Who is there?Its me.（注意：人称代词两个或两个以上同时用的顺序为：1、单数为二三一eg;You,sheandIaregoodfriends.我，你和她都是好朋友.2.复数一二三eg:We,youandtheyalllikemusic.我们，你们和他们都喜欢音乐。3.承担责任I当先eg:Iandh

2、emakemistakes.我和他犯了错误。）二、物主代词的用法形容词性物主代词作定语This is her computer.名词性物主代词作主语This isnt your pen. Yours is on the table.作宾语I cant find my ruler.Can i use yours?作表语This coat is hers.（拓展：形容词性物主代词的相关短语All ones life 某人的一生，终生Change ones mind改变某人的主意Do/try ones best尽某人最大的努力Lose ones life丧生，牺牲Lose ones way某人迷路M

3、ake up ones mind某人下定决心To ones surprise使某人感到惊讶的是With ones help在某人的帮助下三、反身代词的用法动词之后Tom enjoyed himself at the dancing party.介词之后He can go to by himself.系动词之后The poor boy in the story was myself.作同位语名词或代词之后或句末I myself did it.=I did it myself.拓展：反身代词的相关短语Enjoy oneself玩得开心Help oneself （to）自用（食物等）Dress on

4、eself自己穿衣服Teach oneself（=learn by oneself）自学Hurt oneself伤了某人自己Lose oneself（in）沉溺于Believe in oneself相信某人自己By oneself单独地；独自地；亲自For oneself为自己Look after oneself照顾某人自己Make sth by oneself自己做Smile to oneself暗笑Take care of oneselfCome to oneself 苏醒Keep sth to oneself保密四、疑问代词who作主语、表语、宾语Who wants to go with

5、 me?Who are you talking to?问身份姓名Who is the boy?He is Tom.whomWho的宾格作宾语Whom are you talking to?whoseWho的所有格，作主语、表语、宾语和定语Whose book is this?what问职业Whats yours father?He is a worker.没有范围哪一个What would you like?which一定范围的哪一个Which do you like?Blue or red?五、不定代词（一）普通不定代词1、常见普通代词：Both;either;neither;all; no

6、ne; a few;few; a little; little; many; much; some; any;each; every;another;other;the other;others;the others2、常见普通不定代词的辨析与用法（1）both, either与neither相同点均用于两者不同点both指“两者都”，作主语时谓语动词用复数。常用短语：Both.and.和.都either指“两者中的任意一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。either.or.或者.或者，要么.要么neither指“两者都不”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。neither.nor.既不.也不.（2）a

7、ll与none均用于三者或三者以上all指“三者或三者以上都”，作主语时谓语动词用复数none 指“三者或三者以上都不、没有一个”，常与of搭配。None of与不可数名词连用时，谓语动词用单数；与可数名词连用时，单复数均可eg:None of the money was paid to me.None of the books are interesting.（3）a few; few;a little与little肯定意义否定意义所跟名词A few一些，几个Few几乎没有可数名词复数A littleLittle几乎没有不可数名词（4）many与much均意为“许多”Many用于修饰可数名词

8、复数Much用于修饰不可数名词（5）some与any均可修饰可数名词和不可数名词，表示“一些”即不确定的数量、数目some一般用于肯定句当中，也可以用于建议或请求的疑问句当中，表示说话人希望得到肯定回答eg:Whynothavesomebread?为什么不吃些面包呢？any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句当中用于肯定句时表示“任何”eg:Youmaycomeanydayyoulike.你随便哪天来都行.（6）each与everyeachevery用法用作形容词或代词，可单独使用仅用作定语，不可单独使用强调个体eg:Each （student） has a dictionary.强调整体eg:Eve

9、ry student has a dictionary.指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个”指三者或三者以上的人或事物当中的“每一个”后可加of：each of后不可加of短语Each和“every+名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式（7）another， other，the other，others与the others词组含义固定搭配another再一个；另一个泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个One another=each otherother别的The otherOne.the other一个.另一个others其余的；泛指，无范围，表示除去一部分后的另一些，但不是剩下的全体

10、Some.others一些.另一些The others特指，指一定范围内除去一部分后，剩余的全部人或物（二）复合不定代词1、初中常见的复合不定代词有哪些词根-one-body-thingSome（肯定）Someone（某人）Somebody（某人）Something（某事，某物）Any（肯定/否定）Anyone（任何人）Anybody（任何人）Anything（任何事）Every（肯定）Everyone（每个人）Everybody（每个人）Everything（每件事，一切）No（否定）No one（没有人）Nobody（没有人）Nothing（什么都没有）2、复合不定代词的用法（1）不定代词

11、定语后置eg;There is something interesting in the book.（2）由some和any构成的复合不定代词的区别与some和any的区别基本相同，即someone，somebody，something通常用于肯定句；anyone，anybody和anything通常用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句。（3）复合不定代词只能做主语，宾语或表语。作主语时谓语动词用单数。Somebody is speaking in the empty house.有人在那个空房子里说话。（4）反意疑问句的主语为everybody等人时，用they；主语为everything等物时

12、，用it（5）everyone=everybody 指人；every one指人又指物，与of连用。3、常用句型There is something wrong with.出问题了There is something wrong with the car.这辆汽车出问题了。.has something/nothing to do with.与.有/无关The accident has something to do with him.这起车祸与他有关。Sb. Can do nothing but.某人什么也做不了只能.We can do nothing bu wait.我们什么都做不了，只能等

13、。六、指示代词（一）常见指示代词的用法This（这个）These（这些）指代较近的人或物That（那个）Those（那些）指代较远的人或物1、this/that也可以用于电话用语当中，this代表自己，that则代指对方。Eg:Hello!Who is that?你好！你是哪位？This is Jane speaking!我是简。3、在疑问句当中，若句子的主语是this、that、these、those时，回答用it或者they来代替。-Is this/that your car?-Yes, it is.）（三）常见易混的指示代词（1）对比特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物The book is

14、mine.Its very interesting.one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物-who has the novel named Tiny Times?-I have one.that常用于比较级结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shenzhen.（2）one的用法（a）one作为代词可以指人，也可以指物。（b）One，ones（one的复数形式）可以用来代替前面出现过的少数名词，以避免重复。（c）One的前面可以用this，that，the和which等词来修饰。（d）常有

15、a+形容词+one这一形式。（3）it特殊用法作形式主语，代替由不定式或从句等所表示的真正的主语，常用句型如Its+adj+（for sb）+to+do sth Its time to do/for/that到.的时间了It seems that.看起来.Its ones turn to do sth轮到某人做某事Its+adj+that从句.是.It takes sb some time to do sth作形式宾语，常用在动词find，think，make，consider，feel等后，如Do you think it necessary to learn to wait in line

16、?你认为学会排队等候是有必要的吗？指代婴儿或不明身份的人Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is.指代时间或季节-whats the time now?-its ten oclock.指代距离How far is it from your school to your home?指代this或thatWhats this? Its a pen.七、关系代词（详见定语从句）指人指物Who/thatWhich/thatWho/whom/that属格WhoseWhose/of which二、英语书面表达专项训练2近年，有

17、一些地区提出把游泳纳入中考的体育考试，并在学生中做了一次问卷调查。下面是一个学校的调查结果，请你根据调查情况写一篇英语短文阐明调查结果及表达自己的观点。赞成的学生人数占：57%不赞成的学生人数占：43%理由：1. 强身健体，预防疾病2. 训练求生技能3. 休闲娱乐，放松身心1. 害怕水2. 有危险性3. 气温低时容易感冒你的观点与理由？要求：1. 词数80左右。（文章的开头已给出，不计入词数）2. 不得透露学校，姓名等个人信息，否则不予评分。In recently years, some districts are planning to include swimming in the exa

18、mination of physical education. And they made a survey about it in some schools, Heres the result from one school. 【答案】例文In recently years, some districts are planning to include swimming in the examination of physical education. And they made a survey about it in some schools. Heres the result from

19、 one school.About 57 per cent students like to have swimming lessons at school. Because it can help build up our body and guide against （prevent） illness. Besides, swimming is a survival skill when we face some natural disasters. It is also a good choice to go swimming lo relax ourselves when we are

20、 free.However, 43 percent students are against this plan for some reasons. First, some of them are afraid of getting in the water. Second, it may be dangerous because we may drown. Then, when it is cold, we may catch a cold.In my opinion, its a good idea lo have swimming lessons. I can improve my he

21、alth, and relax myself after classes as well.（In my opinion, its not a good way to have swimming lessons at school. Because its expensive to build a swimming pool, and sometimes its difficult to keep the water clean because there are many students at school.）【解析】【详解】本文是一篇材料作文，根据所给材料，阐明关于“把游泳纳入中考体育考试

22、”的两种不同观点，而且最后还要表达出自己的观点，所以文章主要用一般现在时。文章分为三个部分，第一部分，首先引出本文话题，并用Heres the result from one school.起到承上启下的作用， 引出调查结果；第二部分分别阐述两种不同观点About 57 per cent students like to have swimming lessons at school. Because.; However, 43 percent students are against this plan for some reasons.最后提出自己的观点并进行总结In my opinion

23、。注意阐明观点列举理由时，要注意条理性，比如用到表示次序先后的词first, second, then；或者句型It can It also can.,besides.等；本文内容完整，写作条理清晰，语言表达准确，是一篇不错的文章。3书面表达你即将升入高中，面临寄宿（a boarding school）和走读（a day school）两类学校的选择。请你以“A boarding school or a day school”为题。写一篇短文，内容须包括：读寄宿学校的利和弊；读走读学校的利和弊；你的选择和理由（不得与上述两点内容重复）。注意：1. 词数;100词左右（文章开头结尾已给出，不计入

24、总词数）；2. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名等信息；3. 文章必须包含提示中的所有信息，并按要求适当发挥。A hoarding school or a day schoolWe are going to graduate from our middle school, _【答案】We are going to graduate from our middle schools, and we will make a choice to enter a boarding school or a day school. Both kinds of school have their advantage

25、s and disadvantages.If we choose a boarding school, we will save time to study. However, we may have less time to stay with our family. If we choose a day school, parents can know more about our studies. At the same time computer games and TV plays may make a bad influence on us. As for me, I prefer

26、 a boarding school. We should pay attention to our studies to get good grades in the high school.【分析】整体分析：这是一篇给材料作文。可以分三段写。第一段要写总体交代你即将升入高中，面临寄宿（a boarding school）和走读（a day school）两类学校的选择。第二段要写详细叙述读寄宿学校的利弊；读走读学校的利弊。第三段要表述作者自己的选择和理由。写作之前要1.审清题目，看看有哪些要求？哪些时态？人称？2.确定文章类型，记叙文？说明文？议论文？看图？还是应用文？3.确定时态，单一还

27、是混合。4.写下关键词、短语、句型。5.列出提纲和段落，并运用适当的句型和过渡词衔接。6.根据提纲和段落结构句型及关键词句完成文章。写完后反复阅读修改推敲润色，人称、时态、单复数一致等。运用自然过渡法和自然衔接法来是文章更为地道、通顺、纯正。用的短语、句型：both kinds of、If we choose a boarding school、At the same time、As for me, I prefer a boarding school、pay attention to、来增加了文章的亮点。【点睛】这类作文的写作方法要注意认真审题，注意过渡性语言的使用。做到：要点要全，表达要清

28、晰明确，使用短语，句型要准确，注意避免拼写和语法错误。4为了宣传和弘扬中华优秀传统文化, 某双语杂志将举办征文活动来介绍中国的经典故事, “程门立雪（Stand in the snow to wait for Master Cheng respectfully）”是其中一个选题。请你根据下面的内容提示, 用英语写一篇短文参加此活动。内容提示：1. 杨时去拜见老师程颐一老师在睡觉一杨时在雪地等一老师醒来发现杨时在门口2. 通过介绍这个故事, 发表你的看法或者观点。1. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯：词数：100左右. 2. 不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称、老师和同学的真实姓名。【答案】Long long ago, there was a man called Yangshi. Once he went to vis